scholarly journals n-Alkane Profile of Argemone mexicana Leaves

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 533-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indranil Bhattacharjee ◽  
Anupam Ghosh ◽  
Nandita Chowdhury ◽  
Soroj Kumar Chatterjee ◽  
Goutam Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Number ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Carbon Preference Index ◽  
Argemone Mexicana ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Preference Index ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
First Time ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Carbon Number Predominance

An n-hexane extract of fresh, mature leaves of Argemone mexicana (Papaveraceae), containing thin-layer epicuticular waxes, has been analysed for the first time by TLC, IR and GLC using standard hydrocarbons. Seventeen long-chain alkanes (n-C18 to n-C34) were identified and quantified. Nonacosane (n-C29) was established as the n-alkane with the highest amount, whilst octadecane (n-C18) was the least abundant component of the extracted wax fraction. The carbon preference index (CPI) calculated for the hydrocarbon sample with the chain lengths between C18 and C34 was 1.2469, showing an odd to even carbon number predominance.

scholarly journals Nonacosan-10-ol and n-Alkanes in Leaves of Pinus pinaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2092607
Author(s):  
Biljana Nikolić ◽  
Marina Todosijević ◽  
Iris Đorđević ◽  
Jovana Stanković ◽  
Zorica S. Mitić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Average Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Preference Index ◽  
Preference Index ◽  
Long Chain

In leaf cuticular wax of Pinus pinaster, content of nonacosan-10-ol is high (77.1% on average). n-Alkanes ranged from C18 to C35 with the most dominant C29 (24.8%). The carbon preference index (CPItotal) ranged from 3.1 to 5.6 (4.0 on average), while the average chain length (ACLtotal) ranged from 14.0 to 17.0 (14.8 on average). Long-chain n-alkanes ( n-C25-35) strongly dominated (80.1%) over middle-chain ( n-C21-24 = 18.9%) and short-chain ( n -C18-20 = 0.9%) n-alkanes.

Intensity distribution in long-spacing X-Ray patterns of a series of even long-chain n-Alcohols and n-Acids

1955 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
J Fridrichsons
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Distribution ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chain Compounds ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Ray Patterns ◽  
Long Chain

Characteristic intensity variations in long-spacing patterns of even alcohols and acids with chain lengths of 20 to 28 are described. The variations are related to the carbon number of the chain and could therefore be used for rapid identification of these long-chain compounds.

Holocene vegetation signals in the Alashan Desert of northwest China revealed by lipid molecular proxies from calcareous root tubes

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuolun Li ◽  
Youhong Gao ◽  
Lang Han
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Pollen Concentration ◽  
Carbon Preference Index ◽  
Effective Moisture ◽  
Preference Index ◽  
Desert Regions ◽  
Root Tube ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractIn the hinterland of deserts, it is difficult to reconstruct paleovegetation using fossil pollen because of the low pollen concentration. Therefore, an efficient method is needed to reconstruct the paleovegetation of desert regions. In this study, 34 Holocene calcareous root tube (CRT) samples were collected from the Alashan Desert in northwest China, and lipid molecular proxies from CRTs were selected to address this deficiency. The results show that n-alkanes mainly maximized at C27, C29, and C16, and that the carbon preference index is close to 1. Thus, the sources of n-alkanes from CRTs were the roots of higher plants and microorganisms, and thus changes in n-alkanes from CRTs could reveal variations in vegetation cover. The n-alkane Cmax of long-chain n-alkanes (C>25) in CRTs, maximizing at C27, indicated that vegetation in the Alashan Desert was characterized by shrub vegetation during the Holocene. Changes in the ratio of (C27+C29)/(C31+C33) indicated that the biomass of shrub vegetation increased during the period 7–2 cal ka BP. Moreover, the relative concentration of short-chain to long-chain n-alkanes decreased from 7 to 2 cal ka BP, suggesting that the effective moisture decreased during that period.

scholarly journals Alkanes from plants of the genus achillea

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 443-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosav Palic ◽  
Timothy Eglinton ◽  
Bryan Benitez-Nelson ◽  
Geoffrey Eglinton ◽  
Jasmina Velikovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Capillary Gas Chromatography ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Carbon Preference Index ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Preference Index

The hydrocarbon fractions of three species of Achillea L. have been analysed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and were shown to consist of the conventional, odd-carbon number dominant distributions of n-alkane homologues (C22-C35 )-n-Nonacosane (C29) is the main compound (ca.40%), and the carbon preference index (CPI) is high (ca.11)

Surface Structure and Chemical Composition of Epicuticular Waxes during Leaf Development of Tilia tomentosa Moench

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 743-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul-Gerhard Gülz ◽  
R. B. N. Prasad ◽  
Edith Müller
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
De Novo Biosynthesis ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Tilia Tomentosa ◽  
First Time

Abstract The very young leaflets of silver lime trees (Tilia tomtentosa), just unfolding from buds, con ­ tained a continuous wax layer without any wax sculptures. The wax on young leaves is quite different in yield and composition than that of mature leaves. After unfolding of leaves a very dynamic biosynthesis of most wax lipids was started. Fifteen days after leaf unfolding the de novo biosynthesis of β-amyrenyl acetate and later on of aldehydes could be detected for the first time. The biosynthesis of wax components in silver lime leaves was finished at the end of June and the wax remained nearly constant in amount and composition during the remaining season. At the same time, when β-amyrenyl acetate was found for the first time, wax sculptures were observed in silver lime leaf waxes coming out of the continuous wax layer, exclusively on the upper leaf side. These wax sculptures increased in quantity in the next weeks and resulted in a crystalloid shape of most solitaire quadrangular rodlets. These crystals were remained all over the season and were formed from β-amyrenyl acetate, the dominating main wax compo­nent {ca. 49% wax).

scholarly journals Cuticular wax composition of mature leaves of species and hybrids of the genus Prunus differing in resistance to clasterosporium disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-375
Author(s):  
N. O. Khromykh ◽  
Y. V. Lykholat ◽  
A. A. Anishchenko ◽  
O. O. Didur ◽  
A. A. Gaponov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Leaf Epicuticular Wax

The interaction of a host plant with pathogen implies an extremely complex process involving the outer waxy layer of the cuticle, cutin, cell membrane, and intracellular structures. However, the initial contact between plants and pathogens takes place in cuticular waxes covering the surface of leaves, stems and fruits. Despite many findings on the role of plant epicuticular waxes, there is a gap in the understanding of the relationship between individual compounds and their functions. The pathogenic fungus Clasterosporium carpohilum (Lev.) Aderh. parasitizes the tissues of many stone fruit trees, damaging leaf and fruit surface. The aim of this work was to find out if the quantity and composition of leaf epicuticular wax could be responsible for the resistance to clasterosporium disease. The study of differences of plants in fungal resistance was carried out on species and hybrids of the genus Prunus from the collection of the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (Dnipro city, Ukraine). The chloroform extracts of epicuticular waxes from the surface of mature leaves were analyzed by gas chromatography connected to mass-spectrometry. GC/MS assay was performed using Shimadzu GCMS-QP 2020 El equipped with capillary column (5% diphenyl/95% dimethyl polysiloxane), and helium as a carrier gas. Mass Spectrum Library 2014 for GSMS was used to identify the separated compounds of the wax extracts. The maximum total wax amount on the adaxial and abaxial leaf surface of hybrid 2 was twice the minimum wax accumulation for hybrid 4. Overall, 20 individual compounds belonging to six hydrocarbon classes were identified. Leaf epicuticular wax composition both in Prunus persica (L.) Batsch and P. dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb, and hybrids was dominated by long-chain n-alkanes with even carbon number (77.6–90.9% of total sum). The alkenes’ class was represented only by 17-pentatriacontene detected in the wax of both Prunus species. Octadecanaldehyde was found in epicuticular wax of P. dulcis while absent in wax of the more resistant species P. persica. Prime alcohols 1-tetradecanol and 1-hexacosanol were detected in leaf waxes of hybrid 4 and P. dulcis respectively. The ester class contained seven compounds found in leaf epicuticular waxes of both plant species and all hybrid forms. The identification of phthalic acid esters in leaf wax extracts was unexpected, and the phthalates’ origin is discussed. Strong positive correlation between leaf damage and tetrapentacontane content in epicuticular waxes could presumably be the result of infection-induced metabolism reprogramming in epidermal cells of infected leaves.

scholarly journals n-alkanes in needle waxes of Pinus heldreichii var. pancici

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1337-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Nikolic ◽  
Vele Tesevic ◽  
Iris Djordjevic ◽  
Milka Jadranin ◽  
Marina Todosijevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Average Chain Length ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Carbon Preference Index ◽  
Preference Index ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
High Level

This is the first report of n-alkanes in needle epicuticular waxes of variety of Bosnian pine, Pinus heldreichii var. pancici. n-Hexane extracts of needle samples, originated from seven isolated localities in Serbia, were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results exhibited nalkanes in epicuticular waxes ranging from C18 to C33. The most abundant alkanes were C27, C23, C25 and C29 (12.53 %, 12.46 %, 12.00 % and 10.38 % on average, respectively). The carbon preference index (CPItotal) of Pinus heldreichii var. pancici ranges from 1.1 to 2.1 (1.6 on average), while average chain length (ACLtotal) ranges from 25.0 to 25.8 (25.3 on average). A high level of individual quantitative variation in all of these hydrocarbon parameters was also obtained. The obtained results were compared with the bibliographic references for Pinus heldreichii var. leucodermis and other species of the Pinus genus.

Composition of lipids from the First Lusatian lignite seam of the Konin Basin (Poland): relations to vegetation, climate and carbon cycling during the mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Bechtel ◽  
Marek Widera ◽  
Michal Woszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Carbon Preference Index ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpenoids ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Preference Index ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Climatic Optimum ◽  
Long Chain

<p>Samples of detrital lignite have been collected for organic geochemical and carbon isotope analyses from the First Lusatian lignite seam at the Adamów, Jóźwin IIB and TomisÅ‚awice opencast mines, deposited after the last peak of the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum. The aim of the study is to improve the chemotaxonomic value of biomarkers by relating the results to existing paleobotanical data, and to gain information about the influencing factors on δ<sup>13</sup>C of lignite and lipids. Furthermore, biomarker and isotopic proxies are tested for their applicability in paleoclimate studies.</p><p>The relative abundances of mid-chain (C<sub>23</sub>, C<sub>25</sub>) <em>n</em>-alkanes and their 1–2‰ higher δ<sup>13</sup>C values compared to long-chain <em>n</em>-alkanes (C<sub>29</sub>, C<sub>31</sub>) argue for a minor contribution of macrophytes (graminoids, etc.) to peat formation, enhanced during periods of raised water level. The presence of ferruginol and dehydroferruginol testifies the contribution of taxodioid Cupressaceae. The abundances of pimarane-type diterpenoids and the presence of non-aromatic abietane-derivatives argue for the contribution of Pinaceae. Based on the presence of lupeol and lupane-type triterpenoids, an input of Betulaceae can be concluded. The contribution of further angiosperms cannot be specified based on the composition of pentacyclic triterpenoids. However, the results indicate mixed vegetation, and are in agreement with paleobotanical data highlighting abundant conifers of the Cupressaceae and Pinaceae families, as well as angiosperms of various families (e.g., <em>Nyssa, Quercus, Fagus</em>), including Betulaceae (e.g., <em>Alnus, Betula, Corylus</em>). Based on the relationship between the carbon preference index of <em>n</em>-alkanes and mean annual air temperatures, obtained from a global database of peatlands, an average temperature of 24.5 °C is obtained. This value is significantly higher as estimated from paleobotanical data (15.7–19.7 °C), probably due to the influence of changes in vegetation on carbon preference index.</p><p>The relative abundances of diterpenoids versus di- plus angiosperm-derived triterpenoids in detrital lignite samples revealed variable contributions of gymnosperms and angiosperms during the middle Miocene. Consistent with these results, a positive relationship exists between the di-/(di- + tri-) terpenoid biomarker ratios and δ<sup>13</sup>C of lignite samples, indicating the dominating role of varying gymnosperm/angiosperm contributions on the carbon isotopic composition of lignite. The C-isotope data of long-chain n-alkanes, diterpenoids, and angiosperm-derived triterpenoids co-vary within the profiles, arguing for an overall control of changes in δ<sup>13</sup>C of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> on δ<sup>13</sup>C of plant lipids. Fluctuations in δ<sup>13</sup>C of individual compounds may also be related to changes in carbon cycling within the peat, humidity and air temperature.</p>

scholarly journals Nonacosan-10-ol and n-Alkanes in Needles of Pinus halepensis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2092097
Author(s):  
Biljana Nikolić ◽  
Marina Todosijević ◽  
Iris Đorđević ◽  
Jovana Stanković ◽  
Zorica S. Mitić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Average Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Preference Index ◽  
Preference Index ◽  
Long Chain

In needle cuticular wax of Pinus halepensis, nonacosan-10-ol is high (77.08% on average). n-Alkanes ranged from C18 to C35 with the most dominant C27 and C29 (32.4% and 25.8%, respectively). The carbon preference index ranged from 3.2 to 5.4 (3.4 on average), while the average chain length ranged from 14.0 to 18.0 (17.2 on average). Long-chain n-alkanes strongly dominated (95.1%).

scholarly journals Determination of n-alkane profile through developmental state of sunflower leaves

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayan Roy ◽  
Subrata Laskar ◽  
Anandamay Barik
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Scanning Electron

The n-hexane extracts of young, mature and senescent sunflower leaves containing a thin layer of epicuticular waxes was analysed by TLC and GC using standard hydrocarbons. The Scanning Electron Microscopy study indicated changes in the deposition of epicuticular wax throughout the developmental stage of the sunflower leaves. The young, mature and senescent leaves contained nine, nine and five long-chain nalkanes accounting for 86.22%, 99.76% and 92.07% of the hydrocarbons, respectively. The predominant nalkane was n-C29 for young and mature leaves, and n-C23 for senescent leaves representing 35.85%, 45.37% and 68.54% of the hydrocarbons, respectively; whilst n-C24, n-C32 and n-C19 were present in least amounts in young, mature and senescent leaves indicating 0.59%, 0.83% and 0.53% of the hydrocarbons, respectively.

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