scholarly journals Back to the roots: the concepts of force and energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grit Kalies
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Physical Interpretation ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Systematic Application ◽  
Unified Description

Abstract The concepts of force and energy are analyzed in the context of state and process equations. In chronological order, the application of the cause-effect principle in process equations is studied in mechanics, thermodynamics, special relativity, general relativity, and quantum theory. The differences in the fundamental approaches to nature and the significance of a consistent physical interpretation of formulas and state variables are emphasized. It is shown that the first origins for the crisis of modern theoretical physics are to be found in the concepts of force and energy in mechanics, which partly violate the cause-effect principle. This affects all theories based on mechanics and underlines their historical conditionality. The systematic application of driving forces and the cause-effect principle in process equations suggests a return to causal realistic physics. It meets the wave character of matter, is compatible with the experiment, and allows a unified description of interaction.

GRAVITY CAN BE OBSERVED IN THE ABSENCE OF CURVED SPACETIME, THUS CURVED SPACETIME IS NOT RESPONCIBLE FOR GRAVITY

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1976-1981
Author(s):  
Casey McMahon
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Curved Spacetime ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Curved Space ◽  
Spacetime Curvature ◽  
Equivalence Model ◽  
The Universe

The principle postulate of general relativity appears to be that curved space or curved spacetime is gravitational, in that mass curves the spacetime around it, and that this curved spacetime acts on mass in a manner we call gravity. Here, I use the theory of special relativity to show that curved spacetime can be non-gravitational, by showing that curve-linear space or curved spacetime can be observed without exerting a gravitational force on mass to induce motion- as well as showing gravity can be observed without spacetime curvature. This is done using the principles of special relativity in accordance with Einstein to satisfy the reader, using a gravitational equivalence model. Curved spacetime may appear to affect the apparent relative position and dimensions of a mass, as well as the relative time experienced by a mass, but it does not exert gravitational force (gravity) on mass. Thus, this paper explains why there appears to be more gravity in the universe than mass to account for it, because gravity is not the resultant of the curvature of spacetime on mass, thus the “dark matter” and “dark energy” we are looking for to explain this excess gravity doesn’t exist.

The Equivalence Principle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Wittman
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Equivalence Principle ◽  
Time Dilation ◽  
Gravitational Redshift ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Spacetime Metric

The equivalence principle is an important thinking tool to bootstrap our thinking from the inertial coordinate systems of special relativity to the more complex coordinate systems that must be used in the presence of gravity (general relativity). The equivalence principle posits that at a given event gravity accelerates everything equally, so gravity is equivalent to an accelerating coordinate system.This conjecture is well supported by precise experiments, so we explore the consequences in depth: gravity curves the trajectory of light as it does other projectiles; the effects of gravity disappear in a freely falling laboratory; and gravitymakes time runmore slowly in the basement than in the attic—a gravitational form of time dilation. We show how this is observable via gravitational redshift. Subsequent chapters will build on this to show how the spacetime metric varies with location.

Functional Quantum Theory of Free Relativistic Fermi Fields

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-586
Author(s):  
H. Stumpf
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Physical Interpretation ◽  
Functional Equations ◽  
Dirac Field ◽  
Functional Hilbert Space ◽  
Free Fermi ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Relativistic Fermi

Functional quantum theory of free Fermi fields is treated for the special case of a free Dirac field. All other cases run on the same pattern. Starting with the Schwinger functionals of the free Dirac field, functional equations and corresponding many particle functionals can be derived. To establish a functional quantum theory, a physical interpretation of the functionals is required. It is provided by a mapping of the physical Hilbert space into an appropriate functional Hilbert space, which is introduced here. Mathematical details, especially the problems connected with anticommuting functional sources are treated in the appendices.

Between general relativity and quantum theory

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1085-1093
Author(s):  
Jerzy Rayski
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Theory

scholarly journals Nonstationary time series prediction combined with slow feature analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wang ◽  
X. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Time Series Prediction ◽  
Nonstationary Time Series ◽  
Feature Analysis ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Slow Feature Analysis ◽  
Almost All ◽  
External Driving

Abstract. Almost all climate time series have some degree of nonstationarity due to external driving forces perturbing the observed system. Therefore, these external driving forces should be taken into account when constructing the climate dynamics. This paper presents a new technique of obtaining the driving forces of a time series from the slow feature analysis (SFA) approach, and then introduces them into a predictive model to predict nonstationary time series. The basic theory of the technique is to consider the driving forces as state variables and to incorporate them into the predictive model. Experiments using a modified logistic time series and winter ozone data in Arosa, Switzerland, were conducted to test the model. The results showed improved prediction skills.

scholarly journals STEPHEN HAWKING: SPACE, TIME AND QUANTA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Carfora
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Stephen Hawking

A brief introduction to the scientic work of Stephen Hawking and to his contributions to our understanding of the interplay between general relativity and quantum theory.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODELS IN THEORETICAL PHYSICS

Metaphysics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
M. L Fil’chenkov ◽  
Yu. P Laptev
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Theoretical Physics

Quantum theory and relativity theory as well as possible reconciliation have been analyzed from the viewpoint of mathematical models being used in them, experimental affirmation, interpretations and their association with dualistic paradigms.

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