Postactivation Potentiation Enhances Upper- and Lower-Body Athletic Performance in Collegiate Male and Female Athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy K. Evetovich ◽  
Donovan S. Conley ◽  
Paul F. McCawley
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Postactivation Potentiation ◽  
Male And Female

scholarly journals The Development and Prediction of Athletic Performance in Freestyle Swimming

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Stanula ◽  
Adam Maszczyk ◽  
Robert Roczniok ◽  
Przemysław Pietraszewski ◽  
Andrzej Ostrowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
The Difference

The Development and Prediction of Athletic Performance in Freestyle Swimming This paper analyses the dynamics of changes between the performances of elite freestyle swimmers recorded at particular Olympic Games. It also uses a set of chronologically ordered results to predict probable times of swimmers at the 2012 Olympic Games in London. The analysis of past performances of freestyle swimmers and their prediction have revealed a number of interesting tendencies within separately examined results of men and women. Women's results improve more dynamically compared with men's. Moreover, the difference between women's and men's results is smaller, the longer the swimming distance. As both male and female athletes tend to compete more and more vigorously within their groups, the gap between the gold medallist and the last finisher in the final is constantly decreasing, which provides significant evidence that this sport discipline continues to develop.

scholarly journals The Effects of Six-Month Subalpine Training on the Physical Functions and Athletic Performance of Elite Chinese Cross-Country Skiers

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Zhihong Sun ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Datao Xu ◽  
Yaqi Fei ◽  
Qiner Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Athletic Ability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Physical Functions ◽  
Cross Country

Purpose: This study investigated the changes in the blood indices, specific athletic abilities, and physical fitness of outstanding cross-country skiers, trained in the subalpine; Methods: Twenty-eight athletes (twenty males and eight females) from the National Cross-country Ski Training Team completed sub-alpine training during the 2020–2021 snow season. The athletes′ physical functions were evaluated by collecting blood from elbow veins and measuring blood biochemical indexes. To compare the treadmill roller-skiing athletic ability and physical fitness of athletes before and after subalpine; Results: Male and female athletes showed different trends in red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), cortisol (C), Creatine Kinase (CK) and blood urea (BU) (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Overall, the female athletes’ mean values of RBC, Hb, CK, and BU were lower than that of male athletes, while C was just the opposite. Comparing the athletic performance of athletes before and after the subalpine, it was found that blood lactate concentrations were significantly lower in both male and female athletes at the same load intensity (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), whereas 10 km endurance running and 1 RM deep squat were significantly higher in both male and female athletes (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Conclusions: After 6 months of subalpine training, cross-country skiers improved their oxygen-carrying capacity and anabolism, and showed significant improvements in specific athletic ability, physical endurance, acid tolerance and 1 RM absolute strength for both male and female athletes.

Gender Differences in Clothing Worn in Current Popular Comic Books

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Landon Jossy
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Comic Books ◽  
Book Industry ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

This study looked at how males and females were portrayed, based on the amount of skin shown in the clothing worn.  A Content analysis was performed on a sample of 20 randomly selected popular comics from the last 3 years.  Both male and female characters were rated on how much skin they showed in three clothing categories; neck line, sleeve length, and lower body.  Results showed that in all 3 categories, women consistently wore more revealing clothing.  The findings demonstraetd that the comic book industry is comparable to other forms of media, in the sexualization of female characters, by having them wear more revealing clothing.

scholarly journals Effects of the lower jaw position on athletic performance of elite athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000886
Author(s):  
John Patrick Haughey ◽  
Peter Fine
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility ◽  
Jaw Position ◽  
Upper Body Power ◽  
Lower Body Power

When an athlete wears a mouthguard, the position of the lower jaw is changed by virtue of the teeth being unable to occlude. Little research is available in in this area, which have indicated both positive impact and no positive impact.ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the influence of the lower jaw position on athletic performance in elite athletes.MethodsA repeated measures study compared two lower jaw positions, the athlete’s normal (habitual) bite and the lower jaw position when the muscles of mastication are at physiological rest (physiological rest bite). 15 athletes completed a medicine ball putt (upper body power), vertical jump (lower body power), sit and reach (composite hamstring flexibility), passive knee flexion (hamstring muscle length) and star excursion balance (stability and balance) tests in each condition.ResultsPaired t-tests showed the physiological rest bite had significant (p<0.05) positive effect on athletic performance for each test. On average the physiological rest bite provided an increase of lower body power (5.8%), upper body power (10%), hamstring flexibility (14%) and balance and stability (4.8%) compared to the habitual bite.ConclusionThis study provides evidence of the need for further research to confirm if the lower jaw position can be optimised for athletic performance in athletes.

Sex Differences on Use of Associative and Dissociative Cognitive Strategies among Male and Female Athletes

2005 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Antonini Philippe ◽  
Roland Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Method Of Measurement ◽  
High Level

This study assessed whether men and women differed in using associative and dissociative cognitive strategies during athletic performance. Athletes (31 men, M age = 23.2 yr., SD = 3.9 and 29 women, M age = 22.9 yr., SD = 4.3) who practiced endurance activities (running, swimming, and cycling) were considered high-level performers because they participated in national or international competition. The athletes were interviewed, and Schomer's 1986 method of measurement was used to evaluate and quantify two cognitive strategies. Most specifically, categories of association concerned the way the athlete paid close attention to bodily signals, and categories of dissociation described how the athlete shunned sensory inputs. Analysis of variance and the t test showed that women tend to be more dissociative than men and men more associative than women. The results suggest that pain perception in these sports may be a function of sex.

scholarly journals Long-Term Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Among Cross-Country Skiers: Cohort Study of Endurance-Trained Male and Female Athletes

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niclas Svedberg ◽  
Johan Sundström ◽  
Stefan James ◽  
Ulf Hållmarker ◽  
Kristina Hambraeus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cross Country

The Perceived Legitimacy of Rule Violating Behavior in Sport

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sport Participation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Organized Sport ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Polynomial Regressions

Some sport scientists have suggested that various rule violating behaviors (including aggressive player behavior) are normative behaviors perceived to be “legitimate violations” by participants (e.g., Silva, 1981; Vaz, 1979). In an attempt to determine if sport socialization influences the degree of perceived legitimacy of rule violating sport behavior, 203 male and female athletes and nonathletes were shown a series of eight slides. Seven of these slides clearly depicted rule violating behavior. The subjects rated the unacceptability-acceptability of the behavior shown on each slide on a scale of 1 to 4 (totally unacceptable-totally acceptable). Subjects were categorized according to: (a) gender, (b) amount of physical contact, (c) highest level of organized sport participation, and (d) years of participation. Regression and polynomial regressions indicated that male respondents rated rule violating behavior significantly more acceptable than females. Trend analyses on the other categorical variables indicated support for an in-sport socialization process that legitimizes rule violating behavior. This perceived legitimacy was considerably more pronounced for males than for females at all levels of analysis.

2: 15 p.m.: ANDROGEN LEVELS IN MALE AND FEMALE ATHLETES PARTICIPATING IN DIFFERENT SPORTS

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
W. W. Hutchison ◽  
R. Eichner ◽  
P. Martin ◽  
R. Strohbehn
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Androgen Levels
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