scholarly journals The Effects of Six-Month Subalpine Training on the Physical Functions and Athletic Performance of Elite Chinese Cross-Country Skiers

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Zhihong Sun ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Datao Xu ◽  
Yaqi Fei ◽  
Qiner Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Athletic Ability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Physical Functions ◽  
Cross Country

Purpose: This study investigated the changes in the blood indices, specific athletic abilities, and physical fitness of outstanding cross-country skiers, trained in the subalpine; Methods: Twenty-eight athletes (twenty males and eight females) from the National Cross-country Ski Training Team completed sub-alpine training during the 2020–2021 snow season. The athletes′ physical functions were evaluated by collecting blood from elbow veins and measuring blood biochemical indexes. To compare the treadmill roller-skiing athletic ability and physical fitness of athletes before and after subalpine; Results: Male and female athletes showed different trends in red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), cortisol (C), Creatine Kinase (CK) and blood urea (BU) (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Overall, the female athletes’ mean values of RBC, Hb, CK, and BU were lower than that of male athletes, while C was just the opposite. Comparing the athletic performance of athletes before and after the subalpine, it was found that blood lactate concentrations were significantly lower in both male and female athletes at the same load intensity (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), whereas 10 km endurance running and 1 RM deep squat were significantly higher in both male and female athletes (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Conclusions: After 6 months of subalpine training, cross-country skiers improved their oxygen-carrying capacity and anabolism, and showed significant improvements in specific athletic ability, physical endurance, acid tolerance and 1 RM absolute strength for both male and female athletes.

scholarly journals Long-Term Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Among Cross-Country Skiers: Cohort Study of Endurance-Trained Male and Female Athletes

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niclas Svedberg ◽  
Johan Sundström ◽  
Stefan James ◽  
Ulf Hållmarker ◽  
Kristina Hambraeus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cross Country

scholarly journals Comparing the hand grip power and creatine kinase levels of U-17 judo national team athletes before and after a 6-week strength training

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Soyal ◽  
Nuri M. Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Female Participant ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
National Team ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grip Power

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study is to compare the hand grip power and creatine kinase levels of male and female U-17 National Team Athletes before and after a 6-week strength training. Material and Methods. 15 female and 15 male U-17 athletes, who previously participated in international competitions, participated in our study. Besides the hand grip power and creatine kinase values, age, height, weight, and BMI (body mass index) values of the athletes were measured before and after the training. As the conclusion of the measurements, the mean age of the female participant athletes was determined as 14,93 years, their mean height was 158,3 cm, and the mean age of the male athletes was 15,73 years, while their mean height was 173,1 cm. Results: As the conclusion of the measurements, it was determined that there were statistically significant differences between the right hand grip power and left hand grip power parameters of male and female participant athletes measured before and after the 6-week training. Moreover, it was determined that there were statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test measurements of creatine kinase values of both male and female athletes (p> 0,05). Conclusions. As the conclusion, it was determined that the 6-week strength trainings applied to U-17 Judo National Team athletes caused significant changes in their hand grip power and creatine kinase values. The significant results obtained from our study are considered to be originated from the duration, scope, frequency, severity, and content of the training. 

Informational Feedback and Self-Esteem among Male and Female Athletes

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fouad Kamal ◽  
Christine Blais ◽  
Michael McCarrey ◽  
Donna Laramee ◽  
Ken Ekstrand
Keyword(s):  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Competitive Athletes ◽  
Single Solution ◽  
Before And After

The self-esteem of male and female competitive athletes was compared after each was provided either positive of negative (verbal) informational feedback on a nonathletic task, a series of single-solution anagrams. Subjects were 50 men and 50 women, aged 18 to 25 years, who were tested on the semantic differential to estimate athletes' self-esteem before and after receiving the informational feedback. Over-all, female athletes responded more strongly to both feedback conditions, with both groups being more influenced by negative rather than by positive feedback.

scholarly journals Social Support Patterns of Collegiate Athletes Before and After Injury

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingzhen Yang ◽  
Corinne Peek-Asa ◽  
John B. Lowe ◽  
Erin Heiden ◽  
Danny T. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Female Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Injured Athletes

Abstract Context: Social support has been identified as an important factor in facilitating recovery from injury. However, no previous authors have prospectively assessed the change in social support patterns before and after injury. Objective: To examine the preinjury and postinjury social support patterns among male and female collegiate athletes. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: A Big Ten Conference university. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 256 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I male and female collegiate athletes aged 18 or older from 13 sports teams. Main Outcome Measure(s): Injury incidence was identified using the Sports Injury Monitoring System. Social support was measured using the 6-item Social Support Questionnaire. Data on preinjury and postinjury social support patterns were compared. Results: Male athletes reported more sources of social support than female athletes, whereas female athletes had greater satisfaction with the support they received. Athletes' social support patterns changed after they became injured. Injured athletes reported relying more on coaches (P  =  .003), athletic trainers (P &lt; .0001), and physicians (P  =  .003) for social support after they became injured. Athletes also reported greater postinjury satisfaction with social support received from friends (P  =  .019), coaches (P  =  .001), athletic trainers (P &lt; .0001), and physicians (P  =  .003). Conclusions: Our findings identify an urgent need to better define the psychosocial needs of injured athletes and also strongly suggest that athletic trainers have a critical role in meeting these needs.

scholarly journals The Development and Prediction of Athletic Performance in Freestyle Swimming

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Stanula ◽  
Adam Maszczyk ◽  
Robert Roczniok ◽  
Przemysław Pietraszewski ◽  
Andrzej Ostrowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
The Difference

The Development and Prediction of Athletic Performance in Freestyle Swimming This paper analyses the dynamics of changes between the performances of elite freestyle swimmers recorded at particular Olympic Games. It also uses a set of chronologically ordered results to predict probable times of swimmers at the 2012 Olympic Games in London. The analysis of past performances of freestyle swimmers and their prediction have revealed a number of interesting tendencies within separately examined results of men and women. Women's results improve more dynamically compared with men's. Moreover, the difference between women's and men's results is smaller, the longer the swimming distance. As both male and female athletes tend to compete more and more vigorously within their groups, the gap between the gold medallist and the last finisher in the final is constantly decreasing, which provides significant evidence that this sport discipline continues to develop.

scholarly journals The Effect of Polarized Training on the Athletic Performance of Male and Female Cross-Country Skiers during the General Preparation Period

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 851
Author(s):  
Tae Ho Kim ◽  
Joung Kyue Han ◽  
Ji Young Lee ◽  
Yong Chul Choi
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Function ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Preparation Period ◽  
Cross Country

This study aimed to analyze the effect of 12 weeks of polarized training on body composition, cardiorespiratory function, and upper-body power of male and female cross-country skiers during the general preparation period. A total of 16 national cross-country skiers (8 male and 8 female; 8 national cross-country skiers and 8 national biathlon athletes) participated. Polarization training was conducted for 12 weeks from May to July in 2019 during the general preparation period for cross-country skiers. The low-weight, high-repetition method was used for strength training. The effect of the polarized training on body composition, maximum oxygen intake (VO2max), respiratory exchange rate, all-out time, and ski ergometer exercise time was assessed. There was no change in weight, BMI, and muscle mass in male and female cross-country skiers following the 12 weeks of polarized training (p > 0.05). Male body fat percentage (pre 18.1%, post 12.7%) and female body fat percentage (pre 29.1%, post 21.4%) showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05). After training, VO2max increased by 7.72% in male athletes (pre 71.05 mL/kg/min, post 77.0 mL/kg/min) and 6.32% in female athletes (pre 60.26 mL/kg/min, post 64.33 mL/kg/min). Treadmill exercise time increased by 5.39% for male athletes (pre 1038 s, post 1064 s) and 2.23% for female athletes (pre 855 s, post 874 s). However, there was no significant difference between male and female athletes (p > 0.05). The 50% recovery time from the maximum heart rate to the target heart rate decreased by 64.52% in males (pre 168.8 s, post 102.6 s) and 6.48% in females (pre 135 s, post 129.6 s). Significant differences were found only in male athletes (p < 0.05). The double-pole 500 m exercise duration for the ski ergometer significantly decreased after the training for both sexes (p < 0.05). In this study, the 12 weeks of polarized training improved the body composition and athletic performance of all cross-country skiers. Interestingly, in this study, we confirmed that polarized training had a better effect on cardiorespiratory function in male cross-country skiers than in female cross-country skiers. Conversely, we found that the outcomes of the ski ergometer exercise factors were more effective in female athletes than in male athletes. Therefore, we insist that when applying a polarized training program to athletes, it should be planned in detail by sex, exercise amount, intensity, and type of training.

The Clinical, Roentgenological and Morphological Effects of an Acute Exposure of Phosgene on the Lungs of Dogs

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
R. F. Bils ◽  
W. F. Diller ◽  
F. Huth
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Phosgene still plays an important role as a toxic substance in the chemical industry. Thiess (1968) recently reported observations on numerous cases of phosgene poisoning. A serious difficulty in the clinical handling of phosgene poisoning cases is a relatively long latent period, up to 12 hours, with no obvious signs of severity. At about 12 hours heavy lung edema appears suddenly, however changes can be seen in routine X-rays taken after only a few hours' exposure (Diller et al., 1969). This study was undertaken to correlate these early changes seen by the roengenologist with morphological alterations in the lungs seen in the'light and electron microscopes.Forty-two adult male and female Beagle dogs were selected for these exposure experiments. Treated animals were exposed to 94.5-107-5 ppm phosgene for 10 min. in a 15 m3 chamber. Roentgenograms were made of the thorax of each animal before and after exposure, up to 24 hrs.

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