THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARCASS FATNESS AND INTRAMUSCULAR FAT CONTENT, AND FATTY ACIDS PROFILE IN PIG MEAT

Abstract Background The composition of intramuscular fat depends on genetic and environmental factors, including the diet. In pigs, we identified a haplotype of three SNP mutations in the stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD) gene promoter associated with higher content of monounsaturated fatty acids in intramuscular fat. The second of these three SNPs (rs80912566, C > T) affected a putative retinol response element in the SCD promoter. The effect of dietary vitamin A restriction over intramuscular fat content is controversial as it depends on the pig genetic line and the duration of the restriction. This study aims to investigate changes in the muscle transcriptome in SCD rs80912566 TT and CC pigs fed with and without a vitamin A supplement during the fattening period. Results Vitamin A did not affect carcass traits or intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition, but we observed an interaction between vitamin A and SCD genotype on the desaturation of fatty acids in muscle. As reported before, the SCD-TT pigs had more monounsaturated fat than the SCD-CC animals. The diet lacking the vitamin A supplement enlarged fatty acid compositional differences between SCD genotypes, partly because vitamin A had a bigger effect on fatty acid desaturation in SCD-CC pigs (positive) than in SCD-TT and SCD-TC animals (negative). The interaction between diet and genotype was also evident at the transcriptome level; the highest number of differentially expressed genes were detected between SCD-TT pigs fed with the two diets. The genes modulated by the diet with the vitamin A supplement belonged to metabolic and signalling pathways related to immunity and inflammation, transport through membrane-bounded vesicles, fat metabolism and transport, reflecting the impact of retinol on a wide range of metabolic processes. Conclusions Restricting dietary vitamin A during the fattening period did not improve intramuscular fat content despite relevant changes in muscle gene expression, both in coding and non-coding genes. Vitamin A activated general pathways of retinol response in a SCD genotype-dependant manner, which affected the monounsaturated fatty acid content, particularly in SCD-CC pigs.

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Influence of intramuscular fat content on the quality of pig meat — 2. Consumer acceptability of m. longissimus lumborum

Meat Science ◽

10.1016/s0309-1740(99)00038-8 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 67-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 130

Author(s):

X Fernandez ◽

G Monin ◽

A Talmant ◽

J Mourot ◽

B Lebret

Keyword(s):

Intramuscular Fat ◽

Fat Content ◽

Consumer Acceptability ◽

Longissimus Lumborum ◽

Pig Meat ◽

Intramuscular Fat Content

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The challenge and limitations of combining data: a case study examining the relationship between intramuscular fat content and flavour intensity based on the BIF-BEEF database

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an10044 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (11) ◽

pp. 975 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J. F. Hocquette ◽

P. Meurice ◽

J. P. Brun ◽

C. Jurie ◽

C. Denoyelle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Warehouse ◽

Intramuscular Fat ◽

Fat Content ◽

Combining Data ◽

Sources Of Variation ◽

Muscle Biology ◽

The Relationship ◽

Different Sources ◽

Intramuscular Fat Content

The BIF-BEEF (Beef Integrated and Functional Biology) data warehouse for muscle biology to predict beef quality gathers data related to bovines, their carcasses and their beef. These data come mainly from three sources: the INRA database named FiLiCol, the European GEMQUAL program and the French QUALVIGENE program databases plus other minor sources. At the beginning of 2011, the BIF-BEEF data warehouse contained 331 745 measurements for 621 variables. Measurements were obtained on eight muscles and/or from 5197 animals (mainly young bulls) belonging to 20 different breeds (mainly Charolais, Limousin, Blonde d’Aquitaine, the three major French beef breeds) from experiments carried out over a 10-year period. A web interface was developed to extract data and to analyse them using basic statistical tools (correlation, variance analysis, etc) with R software. Clearly, since the various experiments were not designed initially to ultimately link together, it appeared very difficult to integrate some data which differ a lot by units, scales or laboratory methods. Ontology will help to address these issues. However, the usefulness of the BIF-BEEF data warehouse is described by studying the relationship in M. longissimus thoracis between intramuscular fat content (IMF) and flavour assessed by sensory panels. When data from different sources or different sensory panels were used, they were corrected for these fixed factors in the regression model. They were also corrected for known sources of variation (sex, breed and age of the animals). On average, the relationship between IMF and flavour was low (partial correlation coefficient r = 0.11) but significant. This relationship was no more significant for breeds with low IMF levels (such as Blonde d’Aquitaine) or for animals with the highest IMF such as steers or females.

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Do all the consumers accept marbling in the same way? The relationship between eating and visual acceptability of pork with different intramuscular fat content

Meat Science ◽

10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.02.030 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

pp. 448-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Maria Font-i-Furnols ◽

Núria Tous ◽

Enric Esteve-Garcia ◽

Marina Gispert

Keyword(s):

Intramuscular Fat ◽

Fat Content ◽

The Relationship ◽

Intramuscular Fat Content

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Carcass- and meat quality of pasture <i>vs</i> concentrate fed German Simmental and German Holstein bulls

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-49-315-2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 315-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

D. Dannenberger ◽

K. Nuernberg ◽

G. Nuernberg ◽

K. Ender

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Intramuscular Fat ◽

Fat Content ◽

Longissimus Muscle ◽

Feeding System ◽

Holstein Bulls ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Intramuscular Fat Content

Abstract. Many factors affect ruminant carcass and meat quality, and among the genetic and environmental factors, feeding plays an important role in the determination of quality. In a large study, sixty-four German Holstein and German Simmental bulls were randomly allocated to either an indoor concentrate feeding system or periods of pasture feeding following by a finishing period. During this period the animals got a concentrate containing linseed to improve the meat quality for the consumer and enhance the contents of beneficial fatty acids in beef. German Simmental bulls grew faster in both feeding groups (concentrate and grass-based) compared to German Holstein bulls. Because of that significantly more days of fattening were necessary to reach the slaughter weight of 620 kg. The feeding system did not affect the carcass weights of both breeds. The results of cutting according to the regulations of the Deutsche Landwirtschaftsgesellschaft (DLG-Schnittführung für die Zerlegung der Schlachtkörper von Rind, Kalb, Schwein und Schaf) showed diet effects for different cuts. Pasture feeding significantly decreased the weights of flank, flat ribs and brisket of both breeds. The intramuscular fat content of longissimus muscle was affected by the diet in the case of German Simmental bulls, only. The intramuscular fat content of longissimus muscle of pasture-fed German Simmental bulls was decreased to 1.5 % compared with concentrate-fed bulls (2.6 %). No diet effect was found in the intramuscular fat content of longissimus muscle of German Holstein bulls. The colour investigations of both muscles (longissimus and semitendinosus) showed that the beef produced by pasture feeding is darker. The Warner- Bratzler shear force values (WBSF) of pasture fed bulls were significantly higher compared to the concentrate fed bulls. Pasture feeding resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of n-3 fatty acids up to a factor of 2.8 in longissimus muscle of bulls compared with the concentrate feeding system.

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Circulating Non-Esterified Fatty Acids as Biomarkers for Fat Content and Composition in Pigs

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020386 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 386

Author(s):

Marc Tor ◽

Francesca Vilaró ◽

Roger Ros-Freixedes ◽

Javier Álvarez-Rodríguez ◽

Lluís Bosch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Intramuscular Fat ◽

Fat Content ◽

Adipose Tissues ◽

Esterified Fatty Acids ◽

Fasting Duration ◽

Intramuscular Fat Content

Circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) can reflect the composition of dietary fat or adipose tissues depending on the fasting conditions. Therefore, circulating NEFA may be valuable as biomarkers for meat quality traits, such as intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition in finishing pigs. Genetic variants that regulate lipid metabolism can also modulate the circulating NEFA. We conducted an experiment with 150 heavy Duroc pigs to evaluate fluctuations in the circulating NEFA composition due to age, fasting duration and two genetic polymorphisms, one in the leptin receptor (LEPR; rs709596309) and one in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD; rs80912566) gene. Circulating NEFA were more saturated and less monounsaturated than the subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissues. Absolute circulating NEFA content was more influenced by fasting duration than age. The SCD polymorphism did not impact NEFA content or composition. The LEPR polymorphism affected the content but not the fatty acid composition. Circulating oleic acid NEFA content after a short fasting was positively correlated with intramuscular fat content and, after a long fasting, with intramuscular oleic acid content. We conclude that circulating NEFA reflect environmental and genetic metabolic changes but are of limited value as biomarkers for intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition.

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