Assessment of Naturally Occurring Asbestos and Cosmetic Talc: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 374-398
Author(s):  
Alan M. Segrave ◽  
Federica Paglietti ◽  
Sergio Malinconico
Keyword(s):  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Naturally Occurring Asbestos

Dealing with asbestos presence in tunnel excavation: the Castagnola case study and the importance of the geological model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliviero Baietto ◽  
Francesco Amodeo ◽  
Martina Vitaliti ◽  
Giovanni Parisi ◽  
Alberto Scuderi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Investigation ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Tunnel Excavation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Naturally Occurring Asbestos ◽  
Storage Methods ◽  
And Storage

<p>The presence of Naturally Occurring Asbestos (NOA) is one of the greatest danger during excavations and tunneling.  The most important instrument for the NOA content prediction is the geological model.</p><p>As part of the consultancy provided in the works of the "Terzo valico dei Giovi" which includes the excavation of numerous tunnels in areas potentially affected by rocks containing asbestos, the case study of the tunnel called "Castagnola" is illustrated. The opera is the new high velocity railway connection between Genova and Milano and the case study is located in the Piedmont southern area near Fraconalto (AL).</p><p>The “Castagnola” tunnel area is characterized by greenish - reddish rocks metabasalt covered by recent grey shales in the upper part of the area; it refers to the ophiolitic Figogna Unit, elongated in a north-south direction, which belongs to Sestri-Voltaggio Zone.</p><p>Starting from geological sections and thanks to surface investigation and core drilling, an effective geological model was built.</p><p>This study highlights how, during the progress of the works, situations other than the forecast geological model are encountered. It also highlights the importance of the environmental monitoring of the airborne fibers dispersion inside the tunnel, which has proved extremely effective even in the presence of low asbestos content in the excavated rock.</p><p>Moreover, this study describes the trends in asbestos content in the material excavated during the route of the tunnel in comparison with the concentration of airborne fibers. Furthermore, the management of the asbestos problem, from the abatement of dust to the excavation and storage methods and the installation of efficient technologies such as an aspirating ventilation system already successfully tested in a previous excavation phase, are presented.</p>

Waterborne Naturally Occurring Asbestos: a case study from Piedmont (NW Italy)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Avataneo ◽  
Elena Belluso ◽  
Massimo Bergamini ◽  
Silvana Capella ◽  
Domenico Antonio De Luca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
The North ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Hydrogeological Characteristics ◽  
Naturally Occurring Asbestos ◽  
North Western

<p>Water pollution by asbestos may result from anthropogenic sources, such as water passing in cement-asbestos aqueduct pipes, or natural sources. Referring to this second case, pollution could be due to the flow of superficial water or groundwater into naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) in rock formations like green stones and serpentinites.</p><p>Asbestos-bearing rocks weathering is the principal natural cause of fibres water-dispersion. Despite the abundant occurrence of NOA rocks where water can flow (underground and superficially) in the North-Western part of the Alps, a few is known about the mechanism of fibres release in water and the correlation with the geolithological and hydrogeological characteristics of the area.</p><p>Moreover, the knowledge on the eventual noxiousness of waterborne fibres have still to be deepened: in fact, they can come into contact with human being as airborne fibres after water vaporization, or by ingestion, especially if fibres are present in drinking water. While a lot is known about disease caused by airborne asbestos fibres high-dose respiration, not enough has been yet comprehended about potential noxiousness of fibre ingestion. Following some in vivo studies, US-EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) defined a maximum contaminant level of 7x10<sup>6</sup> ff/l in drinking water, but this limit is not fully shared by the whole scientific community.</p><p>Against this background, it has become fundamental to clarify the main aspects related to waterborne fibres, in particular their natural occurrence in water and their transportation due to water flowing into NOA. Consequently, decision has been made to conduct a study on the former chrysotile mine of Balangero, in Piedmont (Italy), which was selected as a reference case study for its great significance in the North-Western Alps context. The case study was developed in collaboration with R.S.A. s.r.l., the company that is in charge of the site remediation.</p><p>A sampling and analysis campaign regarding the superficial hydrographic network of the area was settled: 5 different sampling points were selected, 2 of them inside the principal site perimeter and 3 in the villages situated downstream of the site. They have been monitored for about one year, to evaluate the seasonal variability.</p><p>The main aims of the research are:</p><ul><li>the evaluation of asbestos concentration in term of number of fibres per liter (ff/l);</li> <li>the correlation between the concentration variability and the precipitation pattern over the four seasons;</li> <li>the evaluation of asbestos concentration defined as mass per liter (pg/l), depending on fibres dimension;</li> <li>the study of fibres characteristics, such as their dimension, morphology and chemical composition;</li> <li>the study of a possible correlation between asbestos concentration in pg/l and ff/l;</li> <li>the potential presence of fibres bundles or aggregates which can constitute a problem in the evaluation of the asbestos concentration, in particular for the correlation between ff/l and pg/l.</li> </ul><p>Finally, an attempt to relate the number of waterborne fibres to those that can eventually be released in air is still ongoing.</p>

scholarly journals Naturally Occurring Asbestos (NOA) in Granitoid Rocks, A Case Study from Sardinia (Italy)

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Lucci ◽  
Giancarlo Della Ventura ◽  
Alessandra Conte ◽  
Manuela Nazzari ◽  
Piergiorgio Scarlato
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Magmatic Complex ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Naturally Occurring Asbestos ◽  
Granitoid Rocks ◽  
Felsic Rocks

All six minerals defined as “asbestos” by the existing regulation on asbestos hazard, i.e., actinolite, tremolite, anthophyllite, crocidolite and amosite amphiboles, and the serpentine-group mineral chrysotile are typical constituents of mafic and ultramafic magmatic rocks of ophiolitic sequences. However, little is known about the presence and distribution of naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) in plutonic felsic rocks. The Isadalu magmatic complex outcropping in central Sardinia and belonging to the post-variscan Permian volcanic cycle, is described here as an interesting occurrence of fibrous amphiboles in granitoid rocks. Field work and collected mineralogical/petrological data show that NOA fibers from the Isadalu complex belong compositionally to the actinolite-tremolite series. They were generated by metasomatic growth on pristine magmatic hornblende, at ca. 470 °C at 1 kbar, during sodic-calcic hydrothermal alteration. In terms of environmental hazard, the Isadalu complex represents a high-value case study, since the actinolite-bearing felsic rocks outcrop in a strongly anthropized area. Here, towns with local and regional strategic infrastructures (dams, pipes, hydroelectric power plants, water supply, roads) have been developed since the last century, also using the granitoid asbestos-rich stones. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that NOA and relative hazard are not univocally connected to a restricted typology of rocks. This result should be taken into account in any future work, procedure or regulation defining asbestos occurrences in natural environments.

Impacts of land use on spatial distribution of mortality rates of cancers caused by naturally occurring asbestos

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binggan Wei ◽  
Xianjie Jia ◽  
Bixiong Ye ◽  
Jiangping Yu ◽  
Biao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Naturally Occurring Asbestos

scholarly journals Evolution of halophytes: multiple origins of salt tolerance in land plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Flowers ◽  
Hanaa K. Galal ◽  
Lindell Bromham
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Tolerant Plants

The evolution of salt tolerance is interesting for several reasons. First, since salt-tolerant plants (halophytes) employ several different mechanisms to deal with salt, the evolution of salt tolerance represents a fascinating case study in the evolution of a complex trait. Second, the diversity of mechanisms employed by halophytes, based on processes common to all plants, sheds light on the way that a plant’s physiology can become adapted to deal with extreme conditions. Third, as the amount of salt-affected land increases around the globe, understanding the origins of the diversity of halophytes should provide a basis for the use of novel species in bioremediation and conservation. In this review we pose the question, how many times has salt tolerance evolved since the emergence of the land plants some 450–470 million years ago? We summarise the physiological mechanisms underlying salt-tolerance and provide an overview of the number and diversity of salt-tolerant terrestrial angiosperms (defined as plants that survive to complete their life cycle in at least 200 mM salt). We consider the evolution of halophytes using information from fossils and phylogenies. Finally, we discuss the potential for halophytes to contribute to agriculture and land management and ask why, when there are naturally occurring halophytes, it is proving to be difficult to breed salt-tolerant crops.

Communicating emotions in L2 Chinese: Talk in the dorm during study abroad

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-359
Author(s):  
Qian Wu
Keyword(s):  
Study Abroad ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Expression Of Emotion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oral Interaction

AbstractCommunication of emotion is at the heart of human interaction. For second language (L2) learners, the ability to communicate one’s emotion is crucial, especially in the context of study abroad when they are in frequent contact with native speakers. The aim of the case study is to investigate how an American sojourner Puppies and her Chinese roommate Kiki (both pseudonyms) participated in conversational narratives in the dormitory to construct emotions, and how the contextualized interaction facilitated Puppies’ development of a linguistic repertoire for the expression of emotion in Chinese. Informed by Vygotskian sociocultural theory, the study followed the genetic method in tracing the history of Puppies’ Chinese emotional repertoire across the semester, thereby elucidating the language developmental processes in the situated oral interaction. Audio-recorded everyday interaction in the dorm is triangulated by Puppies’ responses to the pre- and post-Mandarin Awareness Interview and interviews with Puppies and Kiki. Analysis revealed that the contextualized dorm talk provided abundant L2 resources for Puppies to develop a L2 emotional repertoire, especially fear-related emotion expressions. A discrepancy in the product of development as gleaned from the Mandarin Awareness Interview, and the process of development as seen in the naturally occurring dorm talk, suggests that Puppies’ use or non-use of local emotional expressions could be mediated by her partial understanding of the forms and the speech style and identity she wished to assume.

Specific features of supramolecular organisation and hydrogen bonding in proline cocrystals: a case study of fenamates and diclofenac

CrystEngComm ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (43) ◽  
pp. 6970-6981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artem O. Surov ◽  
Alexander P. Voronin ◽  
Mikhail V. Vener ◽  
Andrei V. Churakov ◽  
German L. Perlovich
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Supramolecular Organisation

New zwitterionic cocrystals of fenamate drugs and diclofenac with the naturally occurring amino acid l-proline have been obtained and thoroughly characterised by a variety of experimental and theoretical techniques.

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