Normal aging affects the short-term temporal stability of implicit, but not explicit, motor learning following visuomotor adaptation

The study aimed to investigate the status of within-person state variability in neuroticism and conscientiousness as individual differences constructs by exploring their (a) temporal stability, (b) cross-context consistency, (c) empirical links to selected antecedents, and (d) empirical links to longer term trait variability. Employing a sample of professionals ( N = 346) from Australian organisations, personality state data together with situation appraisals were collected using experience sampling methodology in field and repeatedly in lab-like settings. Data on personality traits, cognitive ability, and motivational mindsets were collected at baseline and after two years. Contingent (situation contingencies) and non-contingent (relative SD) state variability indices were relatively stable over time and across contexts. Only a small number of predictive effects of state variability were observed, and these differed across contexts. Cognitive ability appeared to be associated with state variability under lab-like conditions. There was limited evidence of links between short-term state and long-term trait variability, except for a small effect for neuroticism. Some evidence of positive manifold was found for non-contingent variability. Systematic efforts are required to further elucidate the complex pattern of results regarding the antecedents, correlates and outcomes of individual differences in state variability.

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Perspectives on theory and application of implicit and explicit motor learning in neurological rehabilitation

10.26481/dis.20180420mk ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Melanie Kleynen

Keyword(s):

Motor Learning ◽

Neurological Rehabilitation ◽

Implicit And Explicit ◽

Explicit Motor Learning

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Generalization of motor learning in psychological space

10.1101/2021.02.09.430542 ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eugene Poh ◽

Naser Al-Fawakari ◽

Rachel Tam ◽

Jordan A. Taylor ◽

Samuel D. McDougle

Keyword(s):

Motor Learning ◽

Human Behavior ◽

Visuomotor Adaptation ◽

Movement Kinematics ◽

Top Down ◽

Target Shape ◽

Motor Behaviors ◽

Inference Problems ◽

Similarity Ratings ◽

High Level

ABSTRACTTo generate adaptive movements, we must generalize what we have previously learned to novel situations. The generalization of learned movements has typically been framed as a consequence of neural tuning functions that overlap for similar movement kinematics. However, as is true in many domains of human behavior, situations that require generalization can also be framed as inference problems. Here, we attempt to broaden the scope of theories about motor generalization, hypothesizing that part of the typical motor generalization function can be characterized as a consequence of top-down decisions about different movement contexts. We tested this proposal by having participants make explicit similarity ratings over traditional contextual dimensions (movement directions) and abstract contextual dimensions (target shape), and perform a visuomotor adaptation generalization task where trials varied over those dimensions. We found support for our predictions across five experiments, which revealed a tight link between subjective similarity and motor generalization. Our findings suggest that the generalization of learned motor behaviors is influenced by both low-level kinematic features and high-level inferences.

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Vegetated Target Decorrelation in SAR and Interferometry: Models, Simulation, and Performance Evaluation

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12162545 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (16) ◽

pp. 2545 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andrea Monti-Guarnieri ◽

Marco Manzoni ◽

Davide Giudici ◽

Andrea Recchia ◽

Stefano Tebaldini

Keyword(s):

Formal Method ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

Sar Interferometry ◽

Synthetic Aperture ◽

Short Term ◽

Realistic Case ◽

X Band ◽

Temporal Decorrelation ◽

And Performance

The paper addresses the temporal stability of distributed targets, particularly referring to vegetation, to evaluate the degradation affecting synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging and repeat-pass interferometry, and provide efficient SAR simulation schemes for generating big dataset from wide areas. The models that are mostly adopted in literature are critically reviewed, and aim to study decorrelation in a range of time (from hours to days), of interest for long-term SAR, such as ground-based or geosynchronous, or repeat-pass SAR interferometry. It is shown that none of them explicitly account for a decorrelation occurring in the short-term. An explanation is provided, and a novel temporal decorrelation model is proposed to account for that fast decorrelation. A formal method is developed to evaluate the performance of SAR focusing, and interferometry on a homogenous, stationary scene, in terms of Signal-to-Clutter Ratio (SCR), and interferometric coherence. Finally, an efficient implementation of an SAR simulator capable of handling the realistic case of heterogeneous decorrelation over a wide area is discussed. Examples are given by assuming two geostationary SAR missions in C and X band.

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Polarity and timing-dependent effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in explicit motor learning

Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.02.009 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 800-804 ◽

Cited By ~ 250

Author(s):

C.J. Stagg ◽

G. Jayaram ◽

D. Pastor ◽

Z.T. Kincses ◽

P.M. Matthews ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Learning ◽

Direct Current ◽

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Explicit Motor Learning

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Impaired Short-term Motor Learning in Multiple Sclerosis: Evidence From Virtual Reality

Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair ◽

10.1177/1545968306294913 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 273-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Letizia Leocani ◽

Eleonora Comi ◽

Pietro Annovazzi ◽

Marco Rovaris ◽

Paolo Rossi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Virtual Reality ◽

Motor Learning ◽

Short Term

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Mu Suppression Is Sensitive to Observational Practice but Results in Different Patterns of Activation in Comparison with Physical Practice

Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1155/2018/8309483 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Najah Alhajri ◽

Nicola J. Hodges ◽

Jill G. Zwicker ◽

Naznin Virji-Babul

Keyword(s):

Motor Learning ◽

Retention Test ◽

Motor Task ◽

Mu Rhythm ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Physical Practice ◽

Short Term ◽

Mu Suppression ◽

Index Changes ◽

Observational Practice

Research has shown the effectiveness of observational practice for motor learning, but there continues to be debate about the mechanisms underlying effectiveness. Although cortical processes can be moderated during observation, after both physical and observational practice, how these processes change with respect to behavioural measures of learning has not been studied. Here we compared short-term physical and observational practice during the acquisition and retention of a novel motor task to evaluate how each type of practice modulates EEG mu rhythm (8–13 Hz). Thirty healthy individuals were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) physical practice (PP), (2) observational practice (OP), and (3) no practice (NP) control. There were four testing stages: baseline EEG, practice, postpractice observation, and delayed retention. There was significant bilateral suppression of mu rhythm during PP but only left lateralized mu suppression during OP. In the postpractice observation phase, mu suppression was bilateral and larger after PP compared to that after OP. NP control showed no evidence of suppression and was significantly different to both the OP and PP groups. When comparing the three groups in retention, the groups did not differ with respect to tracing times, but the PP group showed fewer errors, especially in comparison to the NP group. Therefore, although the neurophysiological measures index changes in the OP group, which are similar but moderated in comparison to PP, changes in these processes are not manifest in observational practice outcomes when assessed in a delayed retention test.

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Testing temporal stability of the larval digenean community in Heleobia conexa (Mollusca: Cochliopidae) and its possible use as an indicator of environmental fluctuations

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182010001150 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 138 (2) ◽

pp. 249-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. J. MERLO ◽

J. A. ETCHEGOIN

Keyword(s):

Environmental Changes ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

Host Community ◽

Buenos Aires Province ◽

Short Term ◽

Environmental Disturbances ◽

Preferred Habitat ◽

Environmental Fluctuations ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

Potential Use

SUMMARYLarval digeneans have been proposed as indicators of abundance and diversity of vertebrate and other hosts as well as environmental disturbances. To evaluate its response to environmental changes and its potential use as an indicator of environmental fluctuations, the temporal stability of the community of larval digeneans in Heleobia conexa was comparatively analysed in 4 separate years (1996, 1999, 2004 and 2005) in Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon (Buenos Aires province, Argentina). In total, 4579 specimens of H. conexa were collected and 22 digenean species were observed. Overall prevalence presented inter-annual and seasonal differences. These differences correlate with seasonal changes in composition of the vertebrate definitive host community and with the elimination of the preferred habitat of H. conexa in 1999. In general, the larval digenean community of H. conexa showed a yearly re-establishment following the annual cycle of H. conexa and the presence of definitive hosts. This annual restructuring allowed inferences about the effects of short-term environmental changes in the lagoon. According to these observations, the larval digenean community of H. conexa could be considered as a good bio-indicator with quick response to environmental disturbances.

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