scholarly journals Peripheral nerve injury induces Schwann cells to express two macrophage phenotypes: phagocytosis and the galactose-specific lectin MAC-2

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 3231-3245 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Reichert ◽  
A Saada ◽  
S Rotshenker
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Macrophage Phenotypes

Transplantation of Schwann cells in a collagen tube for the repair of large, segmental peripheral nerve defects in rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 720-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yerko A. Berrocal ◽  
Vania W. Almeida ◽  
Ranjan Gupta ◽  
Allan D. Levi
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Myelinated Axons ◽  
Segmental Nerve ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Object Segmental nerve defects pose a daunting clinical challenge, as peripheral nerve injury studies have established that there is a critical nerve gap length for which the distance cannot be successfully bridged with current techniques. Construction of a neural prosthesis filled with Schwann cells (SCs) could provide an alternative treatment to successfully repair these long segmental gaps in the peripheral nervous system. The object of this study was to evaluate the ability of autologous SCs to increase the length at which segmental nerve defects can be bridged using a collagen tube. Methods The authors studied the use of absorbable collagen conduits in combination with autologous SCs (200,000 cells/μl) to promote axonal growth across a critical size defect (13 mm) in the sciatic nerve of male Fischer rats. Control groups were treated with serum only–filled conduits of reversed sciatic nerve autografts. Animals were assessed for survival of the transplanted SCs as well as the quantity of myelinated axons in the proximal, middle, and distal portions of the channel. Results Schwann cell survival was confirmed at 4 and 16 weeks postsurgery by the presence of prelabeled green fluorescent protein–positive SCs within the regenerated cable. The addition of SCs to the nerve guide significantly enhanced the regeneration of myelinated axons from the nerve stump into the proximal (p < 0.001) and middle points (p < 0.01) of the tube at 4 weeks. The regeneration of myelinated axons at 16 weeks was significantly enhanced throughout the entire length of the nerve guide (p < 0.001) as compared with their number in a serum–only filled tube and was similar in number compared with the reversed autograft. Autotomy scores were significantly lower in the animals whose sciatic nerve was repaired with a collagen conduit either without (p < 0.01) or with SCs (p < 0.001) when compared with a reversed autograft. Conclusions The technique of adding SCs to a guidance channel significantly enhanced the gap distance that can be repaired after peripheral nerve injury with long segmental defects and holds promise in humans. Most importantly, this study represents some of the first essential steps in bringing autologous SC-based therapies to the domain of peripheral nerve injuries with long segmental defects.

Gene transfer to schwann cells after peripheral nerve injury: A delivery system for therapeutic agents

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Sørensen ◽  
Georg Haase ◽  
Christian Krarup ◽  
Helene Gilgenkrantz ◽  
Axel Kahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Agents

scholarly journals The macrophage response to central and peripheral nerve injury. A possible role for macrophages in regeneration.

1987 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 1218-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
V H Perry ◽  
M C Brown ◽  
S Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Macrophage Response ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Myelin Degradation ◽  
Degenerating Axons

Using mAbs and immunocytochemistry we have examined the response of macrophages (M phi) after crush injury to the sciatic or optic nerve in the mouse and rat. We have established that large numbers of M phi enter peripheral nerves containing degenerating axons; the M phi are localized to the portion containing damaged axons, and they phagocytose myelin. The period of recruitment of the M phi in the peripheral nerve is before and during the period of maximal proliferation of the Schwann cells. In contrast, the degenerating optic nerve attracts few M phi, and the removal of myelin is much slower. These results show the clearly different responses of M phi to damage in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and suggest that M phi may be an important component of subsequent repair as well as myelin degradation.

Metabosensitive Afferent Fiber Responses after Peripheral Nerve Injury and Transplantation of an Acellular Muscle Graft in Association with Schwann Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1883-1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Alluin ◽  
François Feron ◽  
Christophe Desouches ◽  
Erick Dousset ◽  
Jean-François Pellissier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Afferent Fiber ◽  
Muscle Graft

scholarly journals A Review on the Role of Endogenous Neurotrophins and Schwann Cells in Axonal Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samyak Pandey ◽  
Jayesh Mudgal
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Physical Trauma

AbstractInjury to the peripheral nerve is traditionally referred to acquired nerve injury as they are the result of physical trauma due to laceration, stretch, crush and compression of nerves. However, peripheral nerve injury may not be completely limited to acquired physical trauma. Peripheral nerve injury equally implies clinical conditions like Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), Carpal tunnel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes. Physical trauma is commonly mono-neuropathic as it engages a single nerve and produces focal damage, while in the context of pathological conditions the damage is divergent involving a group of the nerve causing polyneuropathy. Damage to the peripheral nerve can cause a diverse range of manifestations from sensory impairment to loss of function with unpredictable recovery patterns. Presently no treatment option provides complete or functional recovery in nerve injury, as nerve cells are highly differentiated and inert to regeneration. However, the regenerative phenotypes in Schwann cells get expressed when a signalling cascade is triggered by neurotrophins. Neurotrophins are one of the promising biomolecules that are released naturally post-injury with the potential to exhibit better functional recovery. Pharmacological intervention modulating the expression of these neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) can prove to be a significant treatment option as endogenous compounds which may have remarkable innate advantage showing maximum ‘biological relevance’. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Deletion of Calcineurin in Schwann Cells Does Not Affect Developmental Myelination, But Reduces Autophagy and Delays Myelin Clearance after Peripheral Nerve Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (32) ◽  
pp. 6165-6176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsey B. Reed ◽  
Luciana R. Frick ◽  
Adam Weaver ◽  
Mariapaola Sidoli ◽  
Elizabeth Schlant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury

Schwann cells express erythropoietin receptor and represent a major target for Epo in peripheral nerve injury

Glia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Li ◽  
Steven L. Gonias ◽  
W. Marie Campana
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Erythropoietin Receptor ◽  
Major Target

scholarly journals Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote the Proliferation of Schwann Cells by Regulating the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway via Transferring miR-21

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yongbin Ma ◽  
Dan Zhou ◽  
Huanyan Zhang ◽  
Liming Tang ◽  
Fen Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Akt Signaling Pathway

As an alternative mesenchymal stem cell- (MSC-) based therapy, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promise in the field of regenerative medicine. We previously found that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (hUCMSC-EVs) improved functional recovery and nerve regeneration in a rat model of sciatic nerve transection. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that hUCMSC-EVs promoted the proliferation of Schwann cells by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, we showed that hUCMSC-EVs mediated Schwann cell proliferation via transfer of miR-21. Our findings highlight a novel mechanism of hUCMSC-EVs in treating peripheral nerve injury and suggest that hUCMSC-EVs may be an attractive option for clinical application in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.

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