scholarly journals Filopodia initiate choices made by sensory neuron growth cones at laminin/fibronectin borders in vitro

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 5959-5972 ◽  
Author(s):  
TM Gomez ◽  
PC Letourneau
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neuron ◽  
Growth Cones ◽  
Neuron Growth

scholarly journals Microtubule behavior during guidance of pioneer neuron growth cones in situ.

1991 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Sabry ◽  
T P O'Connor ◽  
L Evans ◽  
A Toroian-Raymond ◽  
M Kirschner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Cone ◽  
Growth Cones ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microtubule Network ◽  
Guidance Cues ◽  
Selective Retention ◽  
Pioneer Neuron ◽  
Neuron Growth

The growth of an axon toward its target results from the reorganization of the cytoskeleton in response to environmental guidance cues. Recently developed imaging technology makes it possible to address the effect of such cues on the neural cytoskeleton directly. Although high resolution studies can be carried out on neurons in vitro, these circumstances do not recreate the complexity of the natural environment. We report here on the arrangement and dynamics of microtubules in live neurons pathfinding in response to natural guidance cues in situ using the embryonic grasshopper limb fillet preparation. A rich microtubule network was present within the body of the growth cone and normally extended into the distal growth cone margin. Complex microtubule loops often formed transiently within the growth cone. Branches both with and without microtubules were regularly observed. Microtubules did not extend into filopodia. During growth cone steering events in response to identified guidance cues, microtubule behaviour could be monitored. In turns towards guidepost cells, microtubules selectively invaded branches derived from filopodia that had contacted the guidepost cell. At limb segment boundaries, microtubules displayed a variety of behaviors, including selective branch invasion, and also invasion of multiple branches followed by selective retention in branches oriented in the correct direction. Microtubule invasion of multiple branches also was seen in growth cones migrating on intrasegmental epithelium. Both selective invasion and selective retention generate asymmetrical microtubule arrangements within the growth cone, and may play a key role in growth cone steering events.

scholarly journals FINE STRUCTURE OF NERVE FIBERS AND GROWTH CONES OF ISOLATED SYMPATHETIC NEURONS IN CULTURE

1973 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Bartlett Bunge
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Sensory Neuron ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Growth Cones ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Neuron Growth

The leading tips of elongating nerve fibers are enlarged into "growth cones" which are seen in tissue culture to continually undergo changes in conformation and to foster numerous transitory slender extensions (filopodia) and/or a veillike ruffling sheet. After explantation of 1-day-old rat superior cervical ganglia (as pieces or as individual neurons), nerve fibers and tips were photographed during growth and through the initial stages of aldehyde fixation and then relocated after embedding in plastic. Electron microscopy of serially sectioned tips revealed the following. The moving parts of the cone, the peripheral flange and filopodia, contained a distinctive apparently filamentous feltwork from which all organelles except membranous structures were excluded; microtubules were notably absent from these areas. The cone interior contained varied forms of agranular endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, vesicles, coated vesicles, mitochondria, microtubules, and occasional neurofilaments and polysomes. Dense-cored vesicles and lysosomal structures were also present and appeared to be formed locally, at least in part from reticulum. The possible roles of the various forms of agranular membranous components are discussed and it is suggested that structures involved in both the assembly and degradation of membrane are present in the cone. The content of these growing tips resembles that in sensory neuron growth cones studied by others.

scholarly journals Comparison of sensory neuron growth cone and filopodial responses to structurally diverse aggrecan variants, in vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 143-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin A. Beller ◽  
Brandon Kulengowski ◽  
Edward M. Kobraei ◽  
Gabrielle Curinga ◽  
Christopher M. Calulot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neuron ◽  
Growth Cone ◽  
Neuron Growth

The zebrafish unplugged gene controls motor axon pathway selection

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (10) ◽  
pp. 2099-2111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhang ◽  
M. Granato
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Choice Point ◽  
Growth Cones ◽  
Motor Axon ◽  
Motor Axons ◽  
Independent Mechanism ◽  
Neuron Growth ◽  
Future Path

En route to their targets, motor axons encounter choice points at which they select their future path. Experimental studies predict that at each choice point specialized cells provide local guidance to pathfinding motor axons, however, the identity of these cells and their signals is unknown. Here, we identify the zebrafish unplugged gene as a key component for choice point navigation of pioneering motor axons. We show that in unplugged mutant embryos, motor neuron growth cones reach the choice point but make inappropriate pathway decisions. Analysis of chimeric embryos demonstrates that unplugged activity is produced by a selective group of mesodermal cells located adjacent to the choice point. As the first motor growth cones approach the choice point, these mesodermal cells migrate away, suggesting that unplugged activity influences growth cones by a contact-independent mechanism. These data suggest that unplugged defines a somite-derived signal that elicits differential guidance decisions in motor growth cones.

Axon repulsion during peripheral nerve segmentation

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger J. Keynes ◽  
Karen F. Jaques ◽  
Geoffrey M. W. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Growth Cones ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Posterior Half ◽  
Similar Activity ◽  
Sensory Axons ◽  
Axon Repulsion

The guidance of axons during embryonic development is likely to involve both adhesive and repulsive interactions between growth cones and their environment. We are characterising the role and mechanism of repulsion during the segmental outgrowth of motor and sensory axons in the somite mesoderm of chick embryos. Axons are confined to the anterior half of each somite by the expression in the posterior half of a glycoconjugate system (48×103Mr and 55×103Mr) that causes the collapse of dorsal root ganglion growth cones when applied in vitro. Enzymatic cleavage of this fraction with specific combinations of endo- and exoglycosidases removes collapse activity, suggesting that carbohydrate residues are involved in the execution of collapse. A similar activity is also detectable in normal adult grey matter, suggesting roles for repulsion beyond the development of spinal nerve segmentation.

scholarly journals Development and validation of an in vitro model system to study peripheral sensory neuron development and injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwan Jones ◽  
Tushar Devanand Yelhekar ◽  
Rebecca Wiberg ◽  
Paul J. Kingham ◽  
Staffan Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neuron ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Model System ◽  
Neuron Development ◽  
In Vitro Model System ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Peripheral Sensory

scholarly journals Identification of a Novel Cortactin SH3 Domain-Binding Protein and Its Localization to Growth Cones of Cultured Neurons

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5838-5851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunrui Du ◽  
Scott A. Weed ◽  
Wen-Cheng Xiong ◽  
Trudy D. Marshall ◽  
J. Thomas Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Growth Cones ◽  
Sh3 Domain ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Sequence Motifs ◽  
Cortical Actin ◽  
Cytoskeleton Reorganization

ABSTRACT Cortactin is an actin-binding protein that contains several potential signaling motifs including a Src homology 3 (SH3) domain at the distal C terminus. Translocation of cortactin to specific cortical actin structures and hyperphosphorylation of cortactin on tyrosine have been associated with the cortical cytoskeleton reorganization induced by a variety of cellular stimuli. The function of cortactin in these processes is largely unknown in part due to the lack of information about cellular binding partners for cortactin. Here we report the identification of a novel cortactin-binding protein of approximately 180 kDa by yeast two-hybrid interaction screening. The interaction of cortactin with this 180-kDa protein was confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo methods, and the SH3 domain of cortactin was found to direct this interaction. Since this protein represents the first reported natural ligand for the cortactin SH3 domain, we designated it CortBP1 for cortactin-binding protein 1. CortBP1 contains two recognizable sequence motifs within its C-terminal region, including a consensus sequence for cortactin SH3 domain-binding peptides and a sterile alpha motif. Northern and Western blot analysis indicated that CortBP1 is expressed predominately in brain tissue. Immunofluorescence studies revealed colocalization of CortBP1 with cortactin and cortical actin filaments in lamellipodia and membrane ruffles in fibroblasts expressing CortBP1. Colocalization of endogenous CortBP1 and cortactin was also observed in growth cones of developing hippocampal neurons, implicating CortBP1 and cortactin in cytoskeleton reorganization during neurite outgrowth.

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