Problems in measuring diffuse X-ray scattering

2005 ◽  
Vol 220 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Richard Welberry ◽  
Darren J. Goossens ◽  
Aidan P. Heerdegen ◽  
Peter L. Lee
Keyword(s):  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Plate ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Weak Scattering ◽  
Strong Scattering ◽  
Photon Source ◽  
Image Plate Detector ◽  
Ray Scattering

AbstractProblems encountered in making measurements of diffuse X-ray scattering are discussed. These generally arise from the need to measure very weak scattering in the presence of very strong scattering (Bragg peaks) using multi-detectors of various kinds. The problems are not confined to synchrotron experiments but may even occur using a tube source in the home laboratory. Specific details are given of experiments using 80.725 keV X-rays and a mar345 Image Plate detector on the 1-ID beamline of XOR at the Advanced Photon Source. In these a severe ‘blooming’ artefact which occurred around some strong Bragg peaks was traced to fluorescence from a steel mounting plate in the detector when strong Bragg peaks were incident. Algorithms developed to remove these artefacts from the data are described.

Collimating Montel mirror as part of a multi-crystal analyzer system for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 880-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungho Kim ◽  
Xianbo Shi ◽  
Diego Casa ◽  
Jun Qian ◽  
XianRong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Resolution ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Angular Acceptance ◽  
Crystal Analyzer ◽  
Present Design ◽  
Photon Source ◽  
Ray Scattering

Advances in resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) have come in lockstep with improvements in energy resolution. Currently, the best energy resolution at the IrL3-edge stands at ∼25 meV, which is achieved using a diced Si(844) spherical crystal analyzer. However, spherical analyzers are limited by their intrinsic reflection width. A novel analyzer system using multiple flat crystals provides a promising way to overcome this limitation. For the present design, an energy resolution at or below 10 meV was selected. Recognizing that the angular acceptance of flat crystals is severely limited, a collimating element is essential to achieve the necessary solid-angle acceptance. For this purpose, a laterally graded, parabolic, multilayer Montel mirror was designed for use at the IrL3-absorption edge. It provides an acceptance larger than 10 mrad, collimating the reflected X-ray beam to smaller than 100 µrad, in both vertical and horizontal directions. The performance of this mirror was studied at beamline 27-ID at the Advanced Photon Source. X-rays from a diamond (111) monochromator illuminated a scattering source of diameter 5 µm, generating an incident beam on the mirror with a well determined divergence of 40 mrad. A flat Si(111) crystal after the mirror served as the divergence analyzer. From X-ray measurements, ray-tracing simulations and optical metrology results, it was established that the Montel mirror satisfied the specifications of angular acceptance and collimation quality necessary for a high-resolution RIXS multi-crystal analyzer system.

scholarly journals Phase I Beamlines at Taiwan Photon Source

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1740-C1740
Author(s):  
Shih-Chun Chung ◽  
Mau-Tsu Tang ◽  
Yu-Shan Huang ◽  
Chia-Hung Hsu ◽  
Di-Jing Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Photon Beams ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Synchrotron Facility ◽  
Photon Source ◽  
Ray Scattering

With rapid advances in the international scientific community as well as increasing demands for bright X-rays from users to facilitate their challenging scientific experiments, the construction of a new synchrotron facility was vital to maintaining National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center in Taiwan to be globally competitive. After conducting numerous assessments with our users, the decision to construct Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) was made at the meeting of Board of Trustee held in 2004 July. This large-scale project will establish, at the current campus of NSRRC, a new, low-emittance, synchrotron light source of circumference 518 m and with an electron beam of energy 3 GeV. TPS is designed to emphasize electron beams of small emittance and great brilliance for generating extremely bright photon beams. The superior characteristics of TPS have opened avenues for novel scientific opportunities and experimental techniques. The advanced techniques of phase-I beamlines include temporally coherent X-ray diffraction, protein microcrystollography, submicron soft X-ray spectroscopy, coherent X-ray scattering, submicron X-ray diffraction, X-ray nanoprobe, and high resolution inelastic soft X-ray scattering. Taking full advantage of the highly brilliant photon source, the seven planned beamline will aim for the forefront of science. These beamlines cover diverse research in physics, chemistry, biology, and material science, in the energy range from soft to hard X-rays for advanced research in spectroscopy, scattering and imaging.

Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering at the ESRF: Hard and Soft X-rays

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Braicovich ◽  
N. B. Brookes ◽  
G. Ghiringhelli ◽  
M. Minola ◽  
G. Monaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

Design and characterization of an undulator beamline optimized for small-angle coherent X-ray scattering at the Advanced Photon Source

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1174-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sandy ◽  
L. B. Lurio ◽  
S. G. J. Mochrie ◽  
A. Malik ◽  
G. B. Stephenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Photon Source ◽  
Ray Scattering

A multi-length-scale USAXS/SAXS facility: 10–50 keV small-angle X-ray scattering instrument

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1508-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron Freelon ◽  
Kamlesh Suthar ◽  
Jan Ilavsky
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Performance ◽  
New Facility ◽  
Ray Scattering

Coupling small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) provides a powerful system of techniques for determining the structural organization of nanostructured materials that exhibit a wide range of characteristic length scales. A new facility that combines high-energy (HE) SAXS and USAXS has been developed at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The application of X-rays across a range of energies, from 10 to 50 keV, offers opportunities to probe structural behavior at the nano- and microscale. An X-ray setup that can characterize both soft matter or hard matter and high-Zsamples in the solid or solution forms is described. Recent upgrades to the Sector 15ID beamline allow an extension of the X-ray energy range and improved beam intensity. The function and performance of the dedicated USAXS/HE-SAXS ChemMatCARS-APS facility is described.

A High-Energy Monochromatic Laue (MonoLaue) X-ray Diffuse Scattering Study of KMnF3 using an Image Plate

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gibaud ◽  
D. Harlow ◽  
J. B. Hastings ◽  
J. P. Hill ◽  
D. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Scattering ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Plate ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Scattering Study ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Ray Scattering

The technique of high-energy monochromatic Laue X-ray scattering using image plates to record the diffraction patterns is presented. A tunable wiggler beamline is used as an X-ray source. It is shown that such experimental conditions present many advantages over conventional tube sources and photographic films. A study of diffuse scattering in the perovskite compound KMnF3 is presented to illustrate this in a qualitative way.

A new high-resolution small-angle X-ray scattering apparatus using a fine-focus rotating anode, point-focusing collimation and a position-sensitive proportional counter

1984 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Yoda
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Proportional Counter ◽  
Anisotropic Scattering ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Ray Scattering

A high-resolution small-angle X-ray scattering camera has been built, which has the following features. (i) The point collimation optics employed allows the scattering cross section of the sample to be directly measured without corrections for desmearing. (ii) A small-angle resolution better than 0.5 mrad is achieved with a camera length of 1.6 m. (iii) A high photon flux of 0.9 photons μs−1 is obtained on the sample with the rotating-anode X-ray generator operated at 40 kV–30 mA. (iv) Incident X-rays are monochromated by a bent quartz crystal, which makes the determination of the incident X-ray intensity simple and unambiguous. (v) By rotation of the position-sensitive proportional counter around the direct beam, anisotropic scattering patterns can be observed without adjusting the sample. Details of the design and performance are presented with some applications.

scholarly journals Development of combined microstructure and structure characterization facility forin situandoperandostudies at the Advanced Photon Source

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Ilavsky ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Ross N. Andrews ◽  
Ivan Kuzmenko ◽  
Pete R. Jemian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Photon Source ◽  
Ray Scattering

Following many years of evolutionary development, first at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and then at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory, the APS ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) facility has been transformed by several new developments. These comprise a conversion to higher-order crystal optics and higher X-ray energies as the standard operating mode, rapid fly scan measurements also as a standard operational mode, automated contiguous pinhole small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements at intermediate scattering vectors, and associated rapid wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurements for X-ray diffraction without disturbing the sample geometry. With each mode using the USAXS incident beam optics upstream of the sample, USAXS/SAXS/WAXS measurements can now be made within 5 min, allowingin situandoperandomeasurement capabilities with great flexibility under a wide range of sample conditions. These developments are described, together with examples of their application to investigate materials phenomena of technological importance. Developments of two novel USAXS applications, USAXS-based X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and USAXS imaging, are also briefly reviewed.

Improved Signal-to-Background Ratio in Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Experiments with Synchrotron Radiation using an Evacuated Cell for Solutions

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. Dubuisson ◽  
T. Decamps ◽  
P. Vachette
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tight Contact ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Quartz Capillary ◽  
Conventional Cell ◽  
Capillary Walls ◽  
Ray Scattering

An evacuated, temperature-controlled cell has been built for use on the small-angle X-ray scattering instrument D24 at the synchrotron radiation facility LURE. The sample is placed in a quartz capillary sealed in a stainless-steel holder using a vacuum-tight glue. Several O rings provide a vacuum path upstream and downstream from the cell, so that the X-ray beam only meets the capillary walls and the solution under study between the slits and the beam stop, while the sample is maintained under atmospheric pressure. The cell temperature is controlled via a water circulation through a copper sheath in tight contact with the steel holder. The use of this cell results in a marked reduction of the background, as observed in two series of parallel experiments using a conventional cell and this evacuated cell. The decrease ranges from a factor of 2 at s 1 values larger than 0.008 Å−1 to more than 15 at s = 0.00116 Å−1, where s is the modulus of the scattering vector (s = 2sin θ/λ, 2θ is the scattering angle and λ is the wavelength of the X-rays).

Microfocusing options for the inelastic X-ray scattering beamline at sector 3 of the Advanced Photon Source

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-496
Author(s):  
A. M. Alsmadi ◽  
A. Alatas ◽  
J. Y. Zhao ◽  
M. Y. Hu ◽  
L. Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beam Size ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Front End ◽  
Slope Error ◽  
Beam Transmission ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Photon Source ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Ray Scattering

Synchrotron radiation from third-generation high-brilliance storage rings is an ideal source for X-ray microbeams. The aim of this paper is to describe a microfocusing scheme that combines both a toroidal mirror and Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) mirrors for upgrading the existing optical system for inelastic X-ray scattering experiments at sector 3 of the Advanced Photon Source.SHADOWray-tracing simulations without considering slope errors of both the toroidal mirror and KB mirrors show that this combination can provide a beam size of 4.5 µm (H) × 0.6 µm (V) (FWHM) at the end of the existing D-station (66 m from the source) with use of full beam transmission of up to 59%, and a beam size of 3.7 µm (H) × 0.46 µm (V) (FWHM) at the front-end of the proposed E-station (68 m from the source) with a transmission of up to 52%. A beam size of about 5 µm (H) × 1 µm (V) can be obtained, which is close to the ideal case, by using high-quality mirrors (with slope errors of less than 0.5 µrad r.m.s.). Considering the slope errors of the existing toroidal and KB mirrors (5 and 2.9 µrad r.m.s., respectively), the beam size grows to about 13.5 µm (H) × 6.3 µm (V) at the end of the D-station and to 12.0 µm (H) × 6.0 µm (V) at the front-end of the proposed E-station. The simulations presented here are compared with the experimental measurements that are significantly larger than the theoretical values even when slope error is included in the simulations. This is because of the experimental set-up that could not yet be optimized.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document