Needing Help against "Evil"

Asian Survey ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Rozman ◽  
Noah Rozman
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Bush Administration ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Terrorist Groups

The fallout from September 11 continued to recast U.S. relations with both Southeast and Northeast Asia. Alarm over Islamic terrorist groups such as the perpetrators of the Bali disco bombing and development of nuclear weapons by North Korea eclipsed concern with China's relentless rise and Japan's deepening economic morass. The Bush administration looked to the countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to root out conspiratorial cells, and to South Korea, Japan, China, and Russia to pressure Pyongyang. After Bush branded North Korea as part of the "axis of evil," a conciliatory tone prevailed toward all who could help in containing the nation.

South Korea in 2016

Asian Survey ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Gi-Wook Shin ◽  
Rennie J. Moon
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
South Korea ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Heavy Industry ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Official Position ◽  
Leadership Crisis ◽  
High Altitude Area

President Park faced a leadership crisis after revelations that she relied on a confidant with no official position for key decision-making in state affairs. Heavy industry met with serious financial difficulties, and a strong anti-corruption law was enacted. North Korea tested more nuclear weapons and missiles. Controversy over the deployment of Terminal High Altitude Area Defense strained South Korea’s relations with China.

North Korea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick McEachern
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
North Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pop Music ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
Foreign Service ◽  
The North ◽  
American President

After a year of trading colorful barbs with the American president and significant achievements in North Korea’s decades-long nuclear and missile development programs, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un declared mission accomplished in November 2017. Though Kim's pronouncement appears premature, North Korea is on the verge of being able to strike the United States with nuclear weapons. South Korea has long been in the North Korean crosshairs but worries whether the United States would defend it if North Korea holds the American homeland at risk. The largely ceremonial summit between US president Donald Trump and Kim Jong Un, and the unpredictability of both parties, has not quelled these concerns and leaves more questions than answers for the two sides' negotiators to work out. The Korean Peninsula’s security situation is an intractable conflict, raising the question, “How did we get here?” In this book, former North Korea lead foreign service officer at the US embassy in Seoul Patrick McEachern unpacks the contentious and tangled relationship between the Koreas in an approachable question-and-answer format. While North Korea is famous for its militarism and nuclear program, South Korea is best known for its economic miracle, familiar to consumers as the producer of Samsung smartphones, Hyundai cars, and even K-pop music and K-beauty. Why have the two Koreas developed politically and economically in such radically different ways? What are the origins of a divided Korean Peninsula? Who rules the two Koreas? How have three generations of the authoritarian Kim dictatorship shaped North Korea? What is the history of North-South relations? Why does the North Korean government develop nuclear weapons? How do powers such as Japan, China, and Russia fit into the mix? What is it like to live in North and South Korea? This book tackles these broad topics and many more to explain what everyone needs to know about South and North Korea.

Lopsided Security on the Korean Peninsula

Asian Survey ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Kil Joo Ban
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Gray Zone ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
The North ◽  
Conventional Weapons

North Korea’s asymmetric provocations over the last decades can be classified into two periods: tactical provocations at sea in 1970–1990 and strategic (nuclear) provocations in 2000–2020. What is the logic underlying the North Korean imbroglio? And how does the former period differ from the latter? The first set of provocations was intended to shift the threat imbalance caused by a widening gap in conventional military capabilities into a balance of insecurity, where the weaker North Korean side faced South Korea and the combined ROK–US forces. The second set was intended to shift the balance of insecurity into an imbalance of terror while ensuring that only Pyongyang would be armed with nuclear weapons in the area. The “gray zone” discourse of the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula (rather than North Korea) ended up bolstering North Korea’s nuclear program, while South Korea intensified only its conventional weapons program.

The Evolving Inter-Korean Relationship and Regional Politics

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Joo Han
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regional Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
North And South

The historic June 2000 summit and subsequent exchanges between North and South Korea have added a new dimension to not only South-North Korean relations but also the situation in Northeast Asia as a whole. On one hand, the thawing South- North Korean relations has generated great optimism among those who see it as an irrefutable sign of North Korea's intention to join the rest of the world as a constructive player. At the other extreme, it is seen as a deceptive, if not desperate, act on the part of North Korea to reap economic gains and lower the guard of South Korea and its allies, principally the United States. Perhaps a more realistic assessment lies somewhere between these polar analyses.

Threats all the way down: US strategic initiatives in a unipolar world

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
WADE L. HUNTLEY
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Bush Administration ◽  
Rogue States ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Strategic Initiatives ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Strategic Policy ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Way

This essay critically assesses the Bush Administration’s strategic and nuclear weapons policy initiatives in historical context. The assessment first delineates the genuinely original elements of the 2002 Nuclear Posture Review. The analysis then considers the potential impact of tactical nuclear weapons planning on prospects for deterring WMD attacks by both ‘rogue’ states and non-state (terrorist) groups, and explores how this planning risks creating ‘commitment traps’ increasing pressures to follow through on nuclear threats. The essay concludes that Bush Administration strategic policy initiatives are less explicable by ‘realist’ criteria than by a more ‘idealist’ strategy premising a militantly active US global role.

Nuclear weapons’ utility will grow for states globally

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Electronic Warfare ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Near Abroad

Significance The world’s nuclear-armed states and their allies have boycotted the talks, whereas over 123 non-nuclear countries are participating. US Ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley described the UN effort as dangerous and unrealistic, citing the provocative behaviour of “bad actors” like North Korea. Entrenched disagreement about the conference suggests widening international divisions on the practicality, pacing and scale of marginalising nuclear weaponry. Impacts Greater US nuclear tensions with China, North Korea and Russia are likely to have political effects in Europe, Japan and South Korea. Increased sophistication of electronic warfare capabilities could diminish policymakers' confidence in missile defence systems. China and Russia may seek a greater role in global nuclear ordering aimed at limiting US activity in their respective ‘near-abroad’ spheres. If normative commitments to disarm are abandoned, that leaves only deterrent relationships.

North Korea in 2014

Asian Survey ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hayes ◽  
Roger Cavazos
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
North Korea

In 2014, North Korea neither overcame its isolation due to its nuclear weapons and hostile geostrategic posture nor reformed its economy. Kim Jong Un learned on the job, consolidated his leadership, avoided military risk, and opened new channels to South Korea, Japan, and Russia to reduce dependence on China.

scholarly journals American Conduct towards North Korea: Realist Analysis of Clinton and Bush Administration

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umer Hayat ◽  
Asefa Khilji ◽  
Farrukh Shehzad
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Bush Administration ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
The North ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Realist Analysis ◽  
Offensive Realism

North Korea tends to be a state of the 21st century that redefines realism in the contemporary era while concentrating on protecting its sovereignty by making self-help the primary concern. US-North Korea bilateral relations face fluctuations. North Korean intentions have progressed from the Realism thought, now willing to attain security maximization along with maximizing its power based on the notions of defensive and offensive realism. The supremacy of North Korea does not quench as the Nuclear might in Northeast Asia; it aims to attack mainland USA with its developed technology. The study concentrates on the Clinton and Bush administration as a special reference. Recognizing the North Korean nuclear program would be intolerable for the International Community as it goes against all norms set by the powerful states for the world.

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