China's WTO Accession and its Impact on Hong Kong-Guangdong Cooperation

Asian Survey ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 815-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor F. S. Sit
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
International Division ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The World ◽  
Border Policy

China's accession to the World Trade Organization will mean a turning point for Hong Kong-Guangdong cooperation, which will open the way for the two economies to combine their factor advantages to become the world's largest New International Division of Labor production base and Asia's logistics hub. Closer government-to-government cooperation will be required for cross-border policy formulation, institution building, and policy implementation, if the new cooperation is to materialize.

scholarly journals WTO REFORM: BACKGROUND, CONDITIONS AND PROSPECTS

2016 ◽  
pp. 239-248
Author(s):  
T. M. Isachenko
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
International Division ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Main Regulator ◽  
The Multilateral Trading System

Maximizing the benefits of international division of labor and sharing the achievements of innovative development is possible only with the existence of a strict system of rules and regulations. Such system would enable fair regulation of international trade, ensure the transparency of market access and make it possible to challenge discriminatory measures, as well as to maintain certain measures to protect the interests of domestic producers. The creation of the multilateral trading system has started with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and was subsequently developed in the documents and codes, the decisions of the negotiating rounds. Since 1995, a set of rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO) became the basis of the multilateral trading system. All rules are worked out at the multilateral level. However, in recent years the negotiations within the WTO has slowed down, that affected the quality and speed of decision-making on key issues of global development. That provokes the discussion it on a certain crisis of the WTO as the main regulator of world trade, and therefore the need to provide both institutional and substantive reforms.

Regulating Cross-Border Data Flows in a Data-Driven World: How WTO Law Can Contribute

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-416
Author(s):  
Andrew D Mitchell ◽  
Neha Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Preferential Trade Agreements ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Digital Inclusion ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Data Flows ◽  
The World

Abstract While the free cross-border movement of data is essential to many aspects of international trade, several countries have imposed restrictions on these data flows. The pre-internet rules of the World Trade Organization (`WTO') discipline some of these restrictions, but they are insufficient. Unfortunately, so are the electronic commerce chapters in modern preferential trade agreements. This article argues that reformed WTO rules, which take account of the policy challenges of the data-driven economy, are required. These reforms would facilitate internet openness while ensuring consumer and business trust, promoting digital inclusion of developing countries, and incorporating clear exceptions for legitimate domestic policies.

scholarly journals The Tiger Awakens: The Tumultuous Transformation of India’s Patent System and the Rise of Indian Pharmaceutical Innovation

2007 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice M. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drug Manufacturing

The first day of January 2005 marked a dramatic turning point in the history of India. By deliberately excluding pharmaceutical products from patent protection for the previous 34 years, India became a world leader in high-quality generic drug manufacturing. But India’s entry into the global economy at the end of the 20th century, as evidenced by membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO), compelled the nation to once again award patents on drugs. Moreover, India henceforth would have to apply internationally-accepted criteria for granting patents, and the term of its patents would have to extend twenty years beyond filing.

scholarly journals CAN INDONESIA INVOKE PUBLIC MORALS EXCEPTION UNDER THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) FOR PROHIBITING CROSS-BORDER GAMBLING?

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ngurah Parikesit Widiatedja
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Member States ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

<p>Under the WTO, Indonesia is obliged to liberalize its markets through establishing the schedule that comprise a list of services that can be either opened or closed to foreign suppliers.  However, Indonesia’s schedule is vague as to whether gambling services are closed to foreign suppliers. Through this loophole, the practice of cross-border gambling services has been rampant, resulting in some consequences, especially those related to money laundering and underage gambling. Tackling this problem, Indonesia could apply public morals exception that allows member states to impose trade prohibition. By using public morals exception that was applied in some WTO cases, this article explores the way in which Indonesia could justify prohibiting cross-border gambling services. This article claims that Indonesia has a justification to impose public morals exception under the WTO to prohibit cross-border gambling services within its territory because the prohibition would be designed to protect public morals; it would be necessary to protect public morals; and the prohibition would equally apply  to both foreign and local suppliers in cross-border gambling services in Indonesia.<strong></strong></p>

Zwischen Globalisierung und Protektionismus - Die internationale Versicherungswirtschaft vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Borscheid ◽  
Kai Umbach
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
World War ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractBefore World War I the modern insurance industry had spread out across the globe from Europe going hand in hand with the extension of world trade. This expansion was accompanied by the transfer of European institutions as well as the standardization of contract conditions, legal maxims and legal contents.The rivalry between European and North American enterprises led to a harmonization of insurance technology and insurance products whilst a rise in governmental insurance supervisory offices affected a standardization of corporate management principles.In contrast to largely increased cross-border interactions protectionistic counter-forces arose at the end of the 19th century. They caused a temporary setback to globalization in some parts of the world, however, in the long run they laid the cornerstone for an advanced globalization process.

Tobacco Control and Beyond: The Broader Implications of United States—Clove Cigarettes for Non-Communicable Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 265-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benn McGrady ◽  
Alexandra Jones
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Font Size ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tobacco Packaging ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

As implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) accelerates and states seek to address risk factors for non-communicable disease more broadly, tension has increased between the law of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and public health. For example, Indonesia recently brought a successful claim against a U.S. law that prohibits cigarettes with a characterizing flavor other than menthol or tobacco. Indonesia succeeded in arguing that the regulation discriminates against clove-flavored cigarettes of Indonesian origin in favor of menthol-flavored cigarettes of U.S. origin.Also in the WTO context, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, and Ukraine have challenged an Australian law prohibiting the presence of branding on tobacco packaging other than product and variant names in a standardized location, font size, and style. This regulation, commonly referred to as “plain packaging,” is the first of its kind and may represent a turning point in the regulation of tobacco packaging.

Food and Agriculture Organization

1954 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-560
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Director General ◽  
Agricultural Expansion ◽  
World Production ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Essential Change ◽  
The World

In the foreword to the annual report on the state of food and agriculture, the Director-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization (Cardon) noted that 1953 had marked a turning point in the postwar food and agriculture situation. The growth of world production had caught up with the world growth of population, and during 1953/54 production had oontinued to expand. No essential change in this line of development was predicted for the crop year 1954/55. Two major problems, Dr. Cardon stated, confronted FAO: 1) how to reduce existing agricultural surpluses without imbalancing world trade in agricultural commodities, and 2) how to ensure continued agricultural expansion in selected products and countries so as to raise the level of world nutrition as a whole.

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