Nothing Sounds Like an M-16

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Decker
Keyword(s):  
War Films ◽  
Sound Effects ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Battle Scenes ◽  
The Individual

This chapter details how sound effects are used by combat filmmakers to tell coherent battlefield stories. The narrative potential of individual weapons’ sounds—such as grenades and RPGs—and the use of sound effects to direct the audience to particular plot, character, or thematic ends is described in extended analyses of battle sequences from The Pacific, Saving Private Ryan, Zero Dark Thirty, and Platoon. Sound effects prove important to directing viewer engagement during combat scenes along a spectrum between immersion in the immediate danger of battle and reflection on the experience of war for the individual soldier. Episodes of subjective sound prove important, as does the use of explosions to punctuate combat narratives and effect sonic transitions. In all these ways, sound effects work towards the making of meaning in serious Hollywood war films. Select battle scenes using music are also discussed.

Hymns for the Fallen

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Decker
Keyword(s):  
Vietnam War ◽  
War Films ◽  
Thin Red Line ◽  
Commercial Space ◽  
Sound Effects ◽  
Combat Films ◽  
Red Line ◽  
War Film ◽  
Vietnam War Films ◽  
Film Sound

Hymns for the Fallen listens closely to forty years of Hollywood combat films produced after Vietnam. Ever a noisy genre, post-Vietnam war films have deployed music and sound to place the audience in the midst of battle and to stimulate reflection on the experience of combat. Considering landmark movies—such as Apocalypse Now, Saving Private Ryan, The Thin Red Line, Black Hawk Down, The Hurt Locker, and American Sniper—as well as lesser known films, Todd Decker shows how the domain of sound, an experientially rich, culturally resonant aspect of the cinema, not only invokes the realities of war, but also shapes the American audience’s engagement with soldiers and veterans as flesh-and-blood representatives of the nation. Hymns for the Fallen explores all three elements of film sound—dialogue, sound effects, music—and considers how expressive and formal choices on the soundtrack have turned the serious war film into a patriotic ritual enacted in the commercial space of the cinema.

Atlantic, Pacific, and world-wide features in English-lexicon contact languages

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Baker ◽  
Magnus Huber
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Statistical Feature ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shed Light

This article analyzes the earliest known attestations of 302 lexical, functional, and grammatical features in 13 English-lexicon contact languages in the Atlantic and the Pacific. The main aims are (i) to shed light on the historical relationships between the individual varieties, (ii) to learn about the mechanisms at work in their genesis and development, and (iii) to examine the significance of features common to both geographical regions. Overall, our intention is to demonstrate that a statistical feature-based approach as proposed here can yield valuable insights into the development and interrelationships between Pidgins and Creoles.

Patterns in the distribution of Melanesian land Mollusca

1969 ◽  
Vol 255 (800) ◽  
pp. 285-306 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Region ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Biological Attributes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Available Information

Melanesia is important in any discussion concerned with the distribution of terrestrial Mollusca in the Pacific region, as a zone exhibiting an intermingling of faunas derived from different geographical areas. Along the chain of islands constituting Melanesia these faunal elements exhibit changing patterns consistent with island hopping across water gaps. Yet the numbers of species of Mollusca on these islands show a positive correlation with the size of the individual islands (figure 19) and not, as might be expected, with the distance of particular taxonomic groups from centres of dispersal. Variations in this pattern can be attributed to differences in the isolation of islands, ecological diversity and the paucity of collecting in many areas. It should be realized that the distributional patterns recorded for any particular taxon must reflect the frequency and density of collecting and the inadequacies of the systematics of the group, besides biological attributes of the taxon and the island. The limitations should not distract, however, from attempts to analyse the available information, instead they must serve as a guide to the difficulties involved.

scholarly journals X.—The Aborigines of Tasmania. Part III. The Hair of the Head compared with that of other Ulotrichi and with Australians and Polynesians

1915 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Turner
Keyword(s):  
New Guinea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University

A number of years ago I began to form and arrange in the Anatomical Museum of the University of Edinburgh a collection of the hair of the head to illustrate the varieties in colour and character which exist in the Races of Men. In a classification of the races based on the colour and characters of the hair, anthropologists have usually adopted the suggestion made by Bory de St Vincent, and have divided them into two groups: Leiotrichi, with straight, smooth hair; and Ulotrichi, with woolly or frizzly hair. Each of these again is capable of subdivision.In this memoir I intend especially to examine the Ulotrichi, which comprise two well-marked subdivisions. In one the hair is very short, and is arranged in small spiral tufts, the individual hairs in which are twisted on each other, a mat-like arrangement of compact spiral locks closely set together being the result. In the other the hair is moderately long, the locks are slender, curled or spirally twisted in a part of their length and terminate at the free end in a frizzly bush-like arrangement. Ulotrichous hair is found in various African races, in the aborigines of Tasmania, New Guinea, the Melanesian Islands in the Pacific, in the Negritos of the Malay Peninsula and of some of the islands of the Asiatic Archipelago. The Leiotrichi are Australians, Polynesians, Mongols, Malays, Indians, Arabs, Esquimaux and Europeans.

scholarly journals Forecasting Pacific SSTs: Linear Inverse Model Predictions of the PDO

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Alexander ◽  
Ludmila Matrosova ◽  
Cécile Penland ◽  
James D. Scott ◽  
Ping Chang
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Model ◽  
Enso Events ◽  
Enso Teleconnections ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies ◽  
Linear Inverse Model ◽  
The Individual

Abstract A linear inverse model (LIM) is used to predict Pacific (30°S–60°N) sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs), including the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). The LIM is derived from the observed simultaneous and lagged covariance statistics of 3-month running mean Pacific SSTA for the years 1951–2000. The model forecasts exhibit significant skill over much of the Pacific for two to three seasons in advance and up to a year in some locations, particulary for forecasts initialized in winter. The predicted and observed PDO are significantly correlated at leads of up to four seasons, for example, the correlation exceeds 0.6 for 12-month forecasts initialized in January–March (JFM). The LIM-based PDO forecasts are more skillful than persistence or a first-order autoregressive model, and have comparable skill to LIM forecasts of El Niño SSTAs. Filtering the data indicates that much of the PDO forecast skill is due to ENSO teleconnections and the global trend. Within LIM, SST anomalies can grow due to constructive interference of the empirically determined modes, even though the individual modes are damped over time. For the Pacific domain, the basinwide SST variance can grow for ∼14 months, consistent with the skill of the actual predictions. The optimal structure (OS), the initial SSTA pattern that LIM indicates should increase the most rapidly with time, is clearly relevant to the predictions, as the OS develops into a mature ENSO and PDO event 6–10 months later. The OS is also consistent with the seasonal footprinting mechanism (SFM) and the meridional mode (MM); the SFM and MM involve a set of atmosphere–ocean interactions that have been hypothesized to initiate ENSO events.

Global overview of the major constituent-based billfish tagging programs and their results since 1954

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Ortiz ◽  
Eric D. Prince ◽  
Joseph E. Serafy ◽  
David B. Holts ◽  
Kay B. Davy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Reporting Rate ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Blue Marlin ◽  
Makaira Nigricans ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Individual

Release and recovery files from the world's five major constituent-based billfish (Istiophoridae) tagging programs were assembled into a single composite database. Data sources included the National Marine Fisheries Service's (NMFS) Cooperative Tagging Center (MIA) in the Atlantic Ocean, the NMFS's Cooperative Billfish Tagging Program (LJA) in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, the Australian Cooperative Tagging Program in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, the New Zealand Cooperative Game Fish Tagging Program in the Pacific Ocean, and The Billfish Foundation's (TBF) tagging program in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Results for the main target species, including black marlin (Makaira indica), blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus), striped marlin (Tetrapturus audax) and sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) were compared and contrasted based on species, ocean body and tagging program. A total of over 317 000 billfish have been tagged and released, and 4122 have been recovered since 1954. Tag recovery percentages were generally higher for a recently developed double-barb nylon anchor tag compared with the typically used stainless steel dart tag. Greatest distances moved were largest for blue marlin and black marlin, followed by striped marlin, white marlin and sailfish. The TBF program had the highest tag recovery percentages for white marlin (2.4%) and blue marlin (1.7%), whereas the MIA program had the highest percentage recovery for sailfish (1.8%). The LJA program had the highest recovery percentages for black marlin (1.9%) and striped marlin (1.4%). The annual number of releases and recoveries for each target species tended to increase over the time series, particularly during the last decade. Cyclic annual movement patterns and/or seasonal site fidelity were evident for black marlin and white marlin. The data suggest that tag recovery percentages can be affected by tag type, reporting rate, localized fishing activities, outreach activities, and a variety of logistical issues indirectly related to size of ocean body. The efficiencies of the tagging programs are compared and recommendations are made to improve the programs. The composite tagging database provides the opportunity for a more comprehensive evaluation of the data and tagging programs than has previously been possible by examining the individual programs in isolation. The main advantage of constituent-based tagging programs is that large numbers of billfish can be tagged at a minimum cost. The main drawbacks are a lack of control over the tagging event and return of recovery data. Constituent-based tagging programs provide essential data on billfish movement and biology, and should be expanded and improved to meet the increasing need for this information.

Tatau and Malu: Vital Signs in Contemporary Samoan Literature

PMLA ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juniper Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
English Word ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Critique ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Theories Of Subjectivity ◽  
Individual Human

In two contemporary Samoan works, Albert Wendt's short story “The Cross of Soot” (1974) and Sia Figiel's novel They Who Do Not Grieve (1999), tattooing produces and proclaims the psychological and social place of the tattoo bearer. The tattoo signals the splitting or doubling of subjectivity, a mechanism by which the individual human subject is produced continually and repeatedly. The Samoan tatau creates not only Samoan subjects but also the English word tattoo and the French tatouage. Wendt and Figiel treat the production and movement of the tattoo in the Pacific and the world; they thus invite a cross-cultural critique of Lacan's theories of subjectivity, which present the tattoo as constitutive of the subject. Whereas Lacan's tattoo is disembodied and nonlocalized, Wendt and Figiel account for the tattoo's material and corporeal effects, its origins in Oceania, and its function in inaugurating a collective Samoan subject. (JE)

scholarly journals The Critical Role of Non-Normality in Partitioning Tropical and Extratropical Contributions to PNA Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (14) ◽  
pp. 6273-6295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Henderson ◽  
Daniel J. Vimont ◽  
Matthew Newman
Keyword(s):  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Teleconnection Pattern ◽  
Coupled Modes ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Synoptic Eddies ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe Pacific–North American (PNA) teleconnection pattern has been linked both to tropical phenomena, including the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and to internal extratropical processes, including interactions with the zonally varying basic state and synoptic eddies. Many questions remain, however, concerning how these various relationships act, both separately and together, to yield observed PNA variability. Using linear inverse modeling (LIM), this study finds that the development and amplification of PNA anomalies largely results from the interference of modes strongly coupled to sea surface temperatures (SST), such as ENSO, and modes internal to the atmosphere, including the MJO. These SST-coupled and “internal atmospheric” modes form subspaces that are not orthogonal, and PNA growth is shown to occur via non-normal interactions. An internal atmospheric space LIM is developed to examine growth beyond this interference by removing the SST-coupled modes, effectively removing ENSO and retaining MJO variability. Optimal PNA growth in the internal atmospheric space LIM is driven by MJO heating, particularly over the Indian Ocean, and a retrograding northeast Pacific streamfunction anomaly. Additionally, the individual contributions of tropical heating and the extratropical circulation on PNA growth are investigated. The non-normal PNA growth is an important result, demonstrating the difficulty in partitioning PNA variance into contributions from different phenomena. This cautionary result is likely applicable to many geophysical phenomena and should be considered in attribution studies.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKACIJA ZVUČNIH IMPULSA KOD FRIŽIDERA ZA UPOTREBU U DOMAĆINSTVU

2018 ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Nikola Holecek ◽  
Dejan Dren
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Visualization Method ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Complex Sound ◽  
Sound Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Thermal Dilatation ◽  
The Individual

This paper presents a new visualization method of complex sound sources in combined fridge freezers. Measurement method with sixty array microphones in free sound field conditions is used. Laboratory acoustic measurements using an algorithm of the complex sound sources visualization are performed. With this method, sound effects are successfully identified, localized and calculated. The individual crack noises emitted as a result of thermal dilatation of different types of material in the transitional cooling modes of the household refrigerator.

The Russo-Turkish Wars in Russian Literature: Axiological Priorities in Historical Dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
D. V. Larkovich
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Direct Evaluation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Historical Dynamics ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
Battle Scenes ◽  
The Individual

The paper represents the experience of analytical description of the fictional discourse, which captures the chronicle of the long-lasting military confrontation between the Russian Empire and the Sublime Porta. The author pursues the goal to trace the logic of evaluative dynamic specific to the Russian literary tradition in the perception and reflection of the events of the Russo-Turkish wars. The material of the paper is a sufficiently voluminous corpus of literary and journalistic texts, most fully and clearly representing the wide range and variability of axiological attitudes of participants of the XVI–XIX centuries national literary process who responded to these events. Among them are such iconic names for Russian intellectual and artistic culture as M.V. Lomonosov, G.R. Derzhavin, A.F. Veltman, A.A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky, M.P. Pogodin, N.A. Nekrasov, A.N. Pleshcheev, L.N. Tolstoy, F.M. Dostoevsky, V.M. Garshin and many others. As a result, the author concludes that the nearly four-century history of the Russo-Turkish wars provided rich material for creative initiatives of Russian writers and significantly influenced the development of the Russian literary process. Reacting swiftly to the events of numerous military conflicts, fiction produced and clearly demonstrated ideological and axiological priorities of public consciousness from the perspective of their historical dynamics. The general logic of the Russian-Turkish confrontation theme development was directly expressed at the level of poetics in artistic creations. Comparing the early literary experiences of understanding and depicting military conflicts, one can observe a general movement from the general to the particular, from the collective to the individual, from direct evaluation to complex ethical collisions. As artistic consciousness develops, depictions of large-scale battle scenes give way to literary sketches of inner experiences, psychological and existential perspectives replace the external perspective of describing events. The perception of the war is gradually, but more distinctly reveals through the prism of the personal consciousness of an author and his character and is perceived as a personally lived meaningful experience.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document