The Hut on the Garden Plot

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Urban
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Garden Plot ◽  
Informal Regulation ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
Second World

In Berlin, self-built huts and sheds were a part of the urban fabric for much of the twentieth century. They started to proliferate after World War I and were particularly common after the Second World War, when many Berliners had lost their homes in the bombings. These unplanned buildings were, ironically, connected to one of the icons of German orderliness: the allotment. Often depicted as gnomeadorned strongholds of petty bourgeois virtues, garden plots were also the site of mostly unauthorized architecture and gave rise to debates about public health and civic order. In The Hut on the Garden Plot: Informal Architecture in Twentieth-Century Berlin, Florian Urban argues that the evolution and subsequent eradication of informal architecture was an inherent factor in the formation of the modern, functionally separated city. Modern Berlin evolved from a struggle between formal and informal, regulation and unruliness, modernization and lifestyles that appeared to be premodern. In this context, the ambivalent figure of the allotment dweller, who was simultaneously construed as a dutiful holder of rooted-to-the-soil values and as a potential threat to the well-ordered urban environment, evidences the ambiguity of many conceptual foundations on which the modern city was built.

H. N. Brailsford and Russia: The Problem of Objectivity

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Leventhal
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Daily News ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Political Left ◽  
Second World

In a journalistic career which spanned seven decades, Henry Noel Brailsford devoted a considerable part of his writing to Russian affairs and to the relations of the British and Russian peoples. In scores of articles and in two books based on first-hand observations, he helped to mold Western attitudes — especially of those on the political Left — to the often maligned, frequently enigmatic giant of the East. Few English journalists in the twentieth century could match the knowledge, personal contacts, and audience of a man who published several articles a week from the late 1890s to the early 1950s for a host of papers, including, to name the most important, the Manchester Guardian, the Speaker, the Daily News, the Nation, the Herald, the New Republic, the New Leader, Reynolds News, and the New Statesman. While Brailsford's field of competence encompassed the whole range of international and imperial affairs, he was preoccupied with the Balkans, with Russia, and with India, and of these only Russia commanded his attention throughout his life. The Balkan question belongs to the years before World War I, India to the 1930s and 1940s, but Russia remained of consuming interest from the revolution of 1905 until after the Second World War.

Marie Ulčová and her Contribution to the West Bohemian Museums

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Nela Štorková
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
West Bohemia ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Second World

While today the Ethnographic Museum of the Pilsen Region represents just one of the departments of the Museum of West Bohemia in Pilsen, at the beginning of the twentieth century, in 1915, it emerged as an independent institution devoted to a study of life in the Pilsen region. Ladislav Lábek, the founder and long-time director, bears the greatest credit for this museum. This study presents PhDr. Marie Ulčová, who joined the museum shortly after the Second World War and in 1963 replaced Mr. Lábek on his imaginary throne. The main objective of this article is to introduce the personality of Marie Ulčová and to evaluate the activity of this Pilsen ethnographer and the museum employee with an emphasis on her work in the Ethnographic Museum of the Pilsen Region. The basic aspects of the ethnographic activities, not only of Marie Ulčová but also of the Ethnographic Museum of the Pilsen Region in the years 1963–1988, are described through her professional and popularising articles, archival sources and contemporary periodicals.

Alien Internment in John Galsworthy’s ‘The Bright Side’ and ‘The Dog It was that Died’

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61
Author(s):  
Jill Felicity Durey
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Internment Camp ◽  
Bright Side ◽  
Second World ◽  
John Galsworthy

This article illuminates two short stories by John Galsworthy through examining them with the help of his diaries and letters, a handful of unpublished letters by his nephew from an internment camp and secondary historical sources. It argues that the stories, when read in conjunction with these sources, are highly revealing about human nature during Second World War and also about Galsworthy’s prescient fears concerning a second twentieth-century world war, which he did not live to see.

scholarly journals ‘De ridder is gestorven’

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (94) ◽  
pp. 25-50
Author(s):  
Dirk van Keulen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Karl Barth ◽  
Dutch Reformed ◽  
World War ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
The University ◽  
Second World

Abstract Arnold Albert van Ruler (1908-1970) was one of the leading theologians in the Dutch Reformed Church in the second half of the twentieth century. After having worked as a minister in Kubaard (1933-1940) and Hilversum (1940-1947) he was professor at the University of Utrecht (1947-1970). Van Ruler had a special place in the Dutch theological landscape. The development of his views took the opposite direction of the mainstream of Dutch protestant theology, which can be illustrated with his reception of the theology of Karl Barth. Before the Second World War Van Ruler was a Barthian theologian; after the War he distanced himself from Barth. As a result of this, some of Van Ruler’s theological views were controversial. Van Ruler himself felt somewhat lonely and complained that he was neglected by his colleagues. On the morning of December 15, 1970, Van Ruler had his third heart attack and dead sitting at his writing desk. In this contribution the reactions on Van Ruler’s death are documented. In many daily newspapers his death is mentioned and in several the significance of his work is described. During the months after his death in many ecclesiastical weekly’s and in theological journals in Memoriams were published. We find personal memories and praise for his style of theologising, which was experienced as sparkling and bright. Van Ruler’s colleagues recognised his originality. His views on theocracy, however, remained as controversial as they were during his lifetime.

scholarly journals The War Hotel

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-116
Author(s):  
Paul Solomon
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Israeli Defense Force ◽  
Tv News ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

War frames our lives. We live, as Billy Bragg (1985) put it, “Between the Wars”; or we live during wars, or after wars; or we live in terror of the threat of war; or get passionately aroused into war. We may watch helplessly as TV news shows us events of horror and violence overseas; on 19th June this year New Zealanders watched video on TV3 News of Kiwi troops under fire in Afghanistan, recorded on a soldier’s helmet-cam. Recent events unfolded once more on TVNZ with gut-wrenching inevitability: I watched as two soldiers were killed, and four injured. The survivors probably will return home traumatised. My interest in reviewing The War Hotel was personal: my grandfather fought in the First World War, my father in the Second World War. I served in the Israeli Defense Force, 1965-1967, and soon felt appalled by Israel’s treatment of the Palestinians. Some of my Jewish extended family perished in Poland during the Shoah. All humanity is touched by war, in varying degrees of separation.

scholarly journals The Line and the Limit of Britishness: The Construction of Gibraltarian Identity in M. G. Sanchez’s Writing

2017 ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ana Mª Manzanas Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Narrative Space ◽  
Border Culture ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Cultural Traits ◽  
No Man's Land ◽  
Second World

From Anthony Burgess’s musings during the Second World War to recent scholarly assessments, Gibraltar has been considered a no man’s literary land. However, the Rock has produced a steady body of literature written in English throughout the second half of the twentieth century and into the present. Apparently situated in the midst of two identitary deficits, Gibraltarian literature occupies a narrative space that is neither British nor Spanish but something else. M. G. Sanchez’s novels and memoir situate themselves in this liminal space of multiple cultural traditions and linguistic contami-nation. The writer anatomizes this space crossed and partitioned by multiple and fluid borders and boundaries. What appears as deficient or lacking from the British and the Spanish points of view, the curse of the periphery, the curse of inhabiting a no man’s land, is repossessed in Sanchez’s writing in order to flesh out a border culture with very specific linguistic and cultural traits.

Australian Ports Since 1945

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Tull
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Port Management ◽  
Cargo Handling ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
Second World ◽  
Efficiency And Reliability

This essay explores the key developments in Australian ports since the end of the Second World War, as technological improvements to trade, shipping, and cargo-handling necessitated port modernisation. Discussing Australian ports collectively, Malcolm Tull examines The growth of port activity; technological change; port and city interactions; and microeconomic reform and the ports, to conclude that Australian ports, despite major renovations in the latter half of the twentieth century, have developed a reputation for efficiency and reliability, and that port management must improve in order for the country to keep up with the demands of a global shipping community.

Labour Relations and Labour Costs

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basil Mogridge
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
British System ◽  
Second World

This chapter, provided by Basil Mogridge, explores the maritime labour system in twentieth century Britain. It is particularly concerned with the nature of strikes, but also explores wages, manning, crew costs, the supply and demand of maritime labour, and flag discrimination. The British system is compared and contrasted with the Norwegian system due to their historically similar approaches to maritime labour. It concludes that labour relations and labour costs were not a contributing factor to the slow growth of British shipping in the post-Second World War period, despite their negative impact after the First.

Initiatives for preservation and tourism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Macknight
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Government Support ◽  
First Century ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
World War ◽  
Heritage Preservation ◽  
Family Networks ◽  
Civic Associations ◽  
Second World

This chapter examines the interactions between nobles and various public bodies for the preservation of art, archives, and architectural heritage from the 1950s to the 2000s. It documents nobles’ communication with museum curators and archivists about the lending of items for exhibitions and about the donation or deposition of private archives for the State’s collections. Analysis of this correspondence sheds light on evolutions in twentieth-century attitudes toward patrimony, including the reasons that some items have been kept while others have been deliberately destroyed. The chapter shows how efforts to attract tourists to châteaux received increased stimulus and government support after the Second World War. Nobles in the twenty-first century remain closely involved in initiatives for heritage preservation via family networks and civic associations.

Food, the Emergency and the lower-class Irish body, c.1939–45

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce Evans
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Export Market ◽  
World War ◽  
Winston Churchill ◽  
Market Disruption ◽  
Irish Government ◽  
Trade War ◽  
Second World

The ending of the Anglo-Irish Economic War (1932-8) is often represented as a watershed in British-Irish relations. However, it was soon followed by renewed trade hostility. Between 1940 and 1945, Winston Churchill subjected Ireland to an economic squeeze: the price of Irish neutrality in the Second World War. While the length of this trade war has generally been overlooked by historians, the effect of this ‘long’ Economic War on Irish public health has been similarly disregarded. This contribution argues that the Anglo-Irish economic war resulted in the mass slaughter of Irish herds due to the removal of the British export market. Market disruption had a significant knock-on effect on Irish public health, particularly in the countryside. Similarly, the British economic squeeze of the Second World War ensured that Ireland’s agricultural economy was denied fertilisers, feed, chemicals and tractors; modern productive aids that are essential to food production. The Irish government infamously introduced the ‘black loaf’ as wheat production wheat stalled, causing fears of a second Famine. Aggravated by a belatedly introduced rationing system, public health suffered.

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