Chinese Architectural History in the Twenty-First Century

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-60
Author(s):  
Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
First Century ◽  
Architectural Practice ◽  
Communist State ◽  
Chinese Architecture ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Impact

The impact of foreign building traditions on Chinese architecture had been limited until the beginning of the nineteenth century. In the twentieth century, dramatic changes in construction occurred as the result of the introduction of Western architectural practice and methods of architectural history, as China transformed from an imperial society to a republic to a communist state. In Chinese Architectural History in the Twenty-First Century, Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt examines the state of architectural history in China at the end of the twentieth century and the impact that recent social and cultural transformations are likely to have on the field in the future.

The significance of aesthetic landscape appreciation to modern geotourism provision

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Hose
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
English Lake District ◽  
European Engagement ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Nineteeth Century

Many of the stakeholders involved in modern geotourism provision lack awareness of how the concept essentially ermeged, developed and was defined in Europe. Such stakeholders are unaware of how many of the modern approaches to landscape promotion and interpretation actually have nineteeth century antecedents. Similarly, many of the apparently modern threats to, and issues around, the protection of wild and fragile landscapes and geoconservation of specific geosites also first emerged in the ninetheeth century; the solutions that were developed to address those threats and issues were first applied in the early twentieth century and were subsequently much refined by the opening of the twenty-first century. However, the European engagement with wild and fragile landscapes as places to be appreciated and explored began much earlier than the nineteenth century and can be traced back to Renaissance times. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a summary consideration of this rather neglected aspect of geotourism, initially by considering its modern recognition and definitions and then by examining the English Lake District (with further examples from Britain and Australia available at the website) as a particular case study along with examples.

Marry Me?

Love, Inc. ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 83-112
Author(s):  
Laurie Essig
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
The Real ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Real Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Diamond Ring

Getting engaged now requires more emotional and financial resources than ever before. Here Essig traces the history of engagements from the birth of companionate marriages in the nineteenth century to the invention of rituals like the bended knee and fetish items like the diamond ring in the early twentieth century. But the real change happened at the beginning of the twenty-first century, as engagements became “spectacular,” requiring not just highly staged events but also highly produced videos and images that could then be disseminated to the larger world.

Lack and Excess / Zero and One

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Dominik Finkelde ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
First Century ◽  
Bertrand Russell ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Twenty First Century

How can a set throw itself into itself and remain a set and an element of itself at the same time? This is obviously impossible, as Bertrand Russell has prominently shown. One simply cannot pick a trash can up and throw it into itself. Now, Hegel and Badiou, but also the anti-Hegelian W. Benjamin, take different positions on the subject when they refer time and again to versions of “concrete universality” as an oxymoronic structure that touches ontologically upon their theoretical as well as their practical philosophies. The article tries to show how the philosophers affirm the mentioned paradox as central for the understanding of Dialectical Materialism in its classical (nineteenth-century) as well as in its modern (twentieth-century) and contemporary (twenty-first-century) understanding.

Conspiracy Theories in U.S. History

2018 ◽  
pp. 285-297
Author(s):  
Kathryn S. Olmstead
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
First Century ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The U.S

Although many Americans believe that conspiratorial thinking is reaching new heights in the twenty-first century, conspiracy theories have been commonplace throughout U.S. history. In the colonial and early republic eras, Americans feared that Catholics, Jews, Masons, Indians, and African Americans were plotting against them. In the nineteenth century they added international bankers, rich businessmen, and Mormons to the list of potential conspirators. In the twentieth century, conspiracy theories continued to evolve, and many Americans began to suspect the U.S. government itself of plotting against them. These theories gained more credibility after the revelation of real government conspiracies, notably CIA assassination plots, the Watergate scandal, and the Iran–-Contra affair.

Australia

2021 ◽  
pp. 527-541
Author(s):  
Stuart Piggin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Trinitarian Theology ◽  
Charismatic Movement ◽  
New Creation ◽  
Evangelical Churches ◽  
Teaching Ministry ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Twenty First Century

Because evangelicalism has been arguably the strongest expression of Christianity in Australia, Edwards, as one of its principal founders, has been a seminal presence. The explicit reception of his writings, however, was not extensive in the nineteenth century and was most evident among Presbyterian clergy. In the twentieth century he was central to the ‘marriage mysticism’ of the Reformed theologians attached to the New Creation Teaching Ministry headed by the Rev. Geoff Bingham, an Edwards aficionado. At the end of the twentieth century, Edwards was increasingly cited by both supporters and opponents of the Charismatic movement. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, he has been the subject of increasingly sophisticated academic inquiry. His spirituality and ecclesiology have been studied with a view to benefitting especially evangelical churches, while his trinitarian theology has been quarried by those, not necessarily evangelicals, who have been captivated by Edwards’s thinking on creation and design.

scholarly journals The rise and fall of dietetics and of nutrition science, 4000 BCE–2000 CE

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (6a) ◽  
pp. 701-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Nutrition Science ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century

AbstractObjectiveTo outline the history of dietetics since its beginnings in recorded history, and of nutrition science in its first phase beginning in the mid-nineteenth century and then its second phase in the second half of the twentieth century.MethodThree narrative overviews: of dietetics from its beginnings until after the end of the mediaeval and then Renaissance periods in Europe; of nutrition science in its first phase from its beginnings in the mid-nineteenth century until the middle of the twentieth century, with reasons for its rise; and of nutrition science in its second phase in the second half of the twentieth century, with reasons for its decline.ConclusionsIn its third phase in the twenty-first century, the new nutrition science should regain much of the vision and scope of its preceding disciplines.

scholarly journals A Model Study of Heat Waves over North America: Meteorological Aspects and Projections for the Twenty-First Century

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 4761-4784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngar-Cheung Lau ◽  
Mary Jo Nath
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
First Century ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The characteristics of summertime heat waves in North America are examined using reanalysis data and simulations by two general circulation models with horizontal resolution of 50 and 200 km. Several “key regions” with spatially coherent and high amplitude fluctuations in daily surface air temperature are identified. The typical synoptic features accompanying warm episodes in these regions are described. The averaged intensity, duration, and frequency of occurrence of the heat waves in various key regions, as simulated in the two models for twentieth-century climate, are in general agreement with the results based on reanalysis data. The impact of climate change on the heat wave characteristics in various key regions is assessed by contrasting model runs based on a scenario for the twenty-first century with those for the twentieth century. Both models indicate considerable increases in the duration and frequency of heat wave episodes, and in number of heat wave days per year, during the twenty-first century. The duration and frequency statistics of the heat waves in the mid-twenty-first century, as generated by the model with 50-km resolution, can be reproduced by adding the projected warming trend to the daily temperature data for the late twentieth century, and then recomputing these statistics. The detailed evolution of the averaged intensity, duration, and frequency of the heat waves through individual decades of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, as simulated and projected by the model with 200-km resolution, indicates that the upward trend in these heat wave measures should become apparent in the early decades of the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals Conceptualising climate change archaeology

Antiquity ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (329) ◽  
pp. 1039-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Van de Noort
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
First Century ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Past Climate ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Past Climate Change ◽  
The Impact

Archaeology claims a long tradition, going back to the middle of the nineteenth century, of undertaking both palaeoclimate research and studies on the impact of past climate change on human communities (Trigger 1996: 130–38). Such research ought to be making a significant contribution to modern climate change debates, such as those led by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC); but in practice this rarely happens (e.g. McIntosh et al. 2000). This paper will attempt to conceptualise a ‘climate change archaeology’, which is defined here as the contribution of archaeological research to modern climate change debates (cf. Mitchell 2008). Irrespective of whether climate change poses the greatest challenge in the twenty-first century or whether it is just one of many challenges facing humanity (cf. Rowland 2010), the absence of an archaeological voice diminishes the relevance and impact of the debate as a whole.

scholarly journals Twenty-First Century Male Elegance Amongst Elegantly-Dressing Polish Males and Self-Declared “Dandies”

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-92
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Maciejewski ◽  
Dawid Lesznik
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
First Century ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
New Millennium

Abstract Dandyism was a thriving philosophical and social movement amongst elegant men of the nineteenth century. The prevailing conviction in the literature on the subject is that the dandy trend began to gradually disappear in the twentieth century, whereas in the new millennium it essentially no longer exists, or at best exists only as a mere shadow of itself. Herein we report a questionnaire study of elegantly-dressing Polish males regarding their behaviour on the fashion market, seeking to gain an better image of this particular market segment and at the same time to identify the features of contemporary dandies and possible connections with the “metro” style. The results indicate that dandyism (at least in the respondents’ opinion) is still a lively and thriving e-consumer community, which clearly differs in terms of certain features from metrosexualism. However, the modern-day “dandies” cannot easily be considered heirs to the ideals of their nineteenth-century counterparts. Our findings, in particular the characterization of twenty-first-century elegant-dressing men in Poland, may be of use to fashion brands in the broader men’s elegance segment.

Romanticism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Coeckelbergh
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
1960S And 1970S

In chapter 2 historical Romanticism is outlined as it emerged and thrived in Germany, Britain, and France around 1800 and as it reached deep into the nineteenth century. The works and lives of Rousseau, Novalis, Morris, and others are discussed for this purpose. Moreover, he social and political side of Romanticism (Ruskin, Morris, and Marx) and romantic Gothic are discussed. Historical Romanticism is then linked to romanticism more broadly defined. The author argues that in many ways romanticism still persists today and that there is a line to be drawn start from Rousseau in the late eighteenth century to twentieth century counterculture and beyond. Even in the early twenty-first century forms of subjectivity are very much shaped by Romanticism - mainly in the form of our heritage from 1960s and 1970s romantic counterculture.

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