Schmoozing in Elementary School: The Importance of Social Capital to First Graders

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendralin J. Freeman ◽  
Dennis J. Condron
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Class ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Weak Ties ◽  
Class Inequality ◽  
Math Skills ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Sociologists have investigated the importance of social capital for many outcomes, but the influence of various types of social capital—particularly intergenerational closure—on inequality in students' academic skills remains unclear. In this study, the authors draw on and extend theoretical perspectives rooted in Coleman and Bourdieu to assess the impact of both strong and weak ties on children's learning. Analyzing data on first graders from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K), the authors show that multiple types of social capital are distributed unequally by social class, and that these disparities in social capital partially mediate the relationship between social class and gains in math skills. Intergenerational closure, however, does not promote learning net of other factors. Supporting primarily Bourdieu's perspective on social capital, the authors conclude that weak ties in particular are critical in explaining class inequality in learning, even during the early years of a child's education.

scholarly journals Change Of Social Capital Of Dairy Farmers Groups: A Case Study Of Institutionalization Of Sapi Merapi Sejahtera Sleman (Samesta) Cooperative In Sleman, Yogyakarta

2018 ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmudin Najmudin
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Positive Behavior ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Fair Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The results shows that there are changes of social capital of dairy farmers groups in the process of institutionalization of SAMESTA cooperatives. The change is the impact of the conditions of Indonesian dairy. These changes occur in several elements of social capital, as follows: (1) Value, as a guide and reinforcement of farmers’ positive behavior. The existing values among farmers are klangenan (like), titen (scrutinize deeply), honesty, and togetherness. These values ​​become the fuel that forces the farmers to relate each other and realize the more transparent and fairer cooperative. This case shows the influence of cultural values ​​on the farmers’ economic behavior. They calculate inputs and outputs, and make some adjustments to prevent them from losing and calculate the standard number of cows that they have. (2) Trust changes positively, especially by raising the milk price from farmers, although it gives a risk to the cooperative income. This decision is expected to increase the farmers' ethos, thus impacts on the increase of milk production. (3) Networks, in which the relationship between farmers firstly occurs in hamlet area, then it extends the network beyond those limits. Farmers from different villages are connected naturally. This inter-subject's relationship occurs due to the same goals, which are wishes to be more dignified, prosperous, and get fair treatment.

A Conceptual Proposition

2016 ◽  
pp. 1921-1934
Author(s):  
Ahmad Vazehi Ashtiani ◽  
Sharmila Jayasingam
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Contextual Influence ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Resource Based Theory

This conceptual paper proposes social capital as a possible moderator of the relationship between commonly identified knowledge sharing enablers in the literature and knowledge sharing (KS). A literature review was carried out to determine the contextual influence of the level of social capital within communities of practice (CoPs). Propositions were developed based on a review of past studies addressing KS enablers and KS. The literature review revealed that prior studies built on resource-based theory (RBT) and knowledge-based view of the firm (KBV) focused on organizational enablers of KS without any concern for the contextual influence such as the level of social capital of CoPs. Further analysis indicated that social capital could possibly moderate the impact of commonly identified KS enablers. These insights are presented as propositions in this conceptual paper. This paper addresses a gap in the area of KS. It questions the results of past studies and proposes the needs to consider the level of social capital when identifying appropriate KS enablers.

scholarly journals S131. NEIGHBOURHOOD-LEVEL SOCIAL CAPITAL, MARGINALIZATION, AND THE INCIDENCE OF PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS IN TORONTO, CANADA: A RETROSPECTIVE POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S85-S85
Author(s):  
Martin Rotenberg ◽  
Andrew Tuck ◽  
Kelly Anderson ◽  
Kwame McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ethnic Concentration ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown mixed results regarding the relationship between social capital and the risk of developing a psychotic disorder, and this has yet to be studied in North America. This study aims to examine the relationship between neighbourhood-level social capital, marginalization, and the incidence of psychotic disorders in Toronto, Canada. Methods A retrospective cohort of people aged 14 to 40 years residing in Toronto, Canada in 1999 (followed to 2008) was constructed from population-based health administrative data. Incident cases of schizophrenia spectrum psychotic disorders were identified using a validated algorithm. Voter participation rates in a municipal election were used as a proxy neighbourhood-level indicator of social capital. Exposure to neighbourhood-level marginalization was obtained from the Ontario Marginalization Index. Poisson regression models adjusting for age and sex were used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) for each social capital quintiles and marginalization quintile. Results In the study cohort (n = 640,000) over the 10-year follow-up period, we identified 4,841 incident cases of schizophrenia spectrum psychotic disorders. We observed elevated rates of psychotic disorders in areas with the highest levels (IRR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.00–1.27) and moderate levels (IRR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.12–1.36) of social capital, when compared to areas with the lowest levels of social capital, after adjusting for neighbourhood-level indicators of marginalization. The risk associated with social capital was not present when analyzed in only the females in the cohort. All neighbourhood marginalization indicators, other than ethnic concentration, were significantly associated with risk. Discussion The risk of developing a psychotic disorder in Toronto, Canada is associated with socioenvironmental exposures. Social capital is associated with risk, however, the impact of social capital on risk differs by sex and social capital quintile. Across the entire cohort, exposure to all neighbourhood-level marginalization indicators, except ethnic concentration, impacts risk. Future research should examine how known individual-level risk factors, including immigration, ethnicity, and family history of a mental disorder may interact with these findings.

scholarly journals The Learning Region: The Impact of Social Capital and Weak Ties on Innovation

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Hauser ◽  
Gottfried Tappeiner ◽  
Janette Walde
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Weak Ties ◽  
Learning Region ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Relationship between Instructional Leadership and Implementation of Competency-Based Curriculum in Early Years Education in Nairobi City County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-488
Author(s):  
Roselynn Awili ◽  
Nyakwara Begi
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Leadership ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Curriculum Implementation ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Head Teachers ◽  
Early Years Education ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Globally, learning institutions at primary school level experience a gap in instructional leadership that fosters curriculum implementation. Research has established that those instructional leaders (heads of schools) determine the impact that teaching and learning processes in school has on learners’ academic performance. This study was designed to establish the extent of implementation of Competency-Based Curriculum in early years education in public and private schools. The study was also to determine the relationship between instructional leadership and implementation of Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) in early years education in Kenya.  The study was guided by Michael Fullan’s Theory of Change. The dependent variable was implementation of Competency-Based Curriculum in early years education while the independent variable was instructional leadership. E-questionnaires and interview schedules were used to collect data which was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods. The results showed there was no difference in the implementation of curriculum between private and public primary schools. The relationship between instructional leadership and implementation of competency-based curriculum was significant at 0.05. The results also indicated that most head teachers focused more on administrative roles than activities that support curriculum implementation. It was therefore recommended that for effective curriculum implementation in early years education, head teachers needed to be intentionally trained on how to support teachers and learners in the related processes

scholarly journals The Impact Of Social Capital On The Propensity And Properties Of Management Earnings Forecasts

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1803
Author(s):  
Xinyi Lu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Earnings Forecasts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Earnings Forecast ◽  
Management Earnings Forecasts ◽  
Financial Factor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the relationship between the regional variation in social capital in the United States and the propensity and properties of the management earnings forecasts. Social capital refers to connections among individualssocial networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them (Putnam 2000). Using a comprehensive sample of companies in the United States, we find that firms located in region with higher social capital are more likely to issue a management earnings forecast and are inclined to forecast more frequently. In addition, earnings forecasts made by those firms tend to be more specific. Our findings suggest that mangers of firms in the high social capital regions are more likely to be concerned about their reputation of providing transparent information regarding their businesses because of the close connections among individuals and the greater propensities to honor obligations. This study contributes to the accounting literature by identifying a non-financial factor (i.e., social capital) that affects managements voluntary disclosure practices.

The Impact of Race on Environmental Quality: An Empirical and Theoretical Discussion

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Pinderhughes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Hazards ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The toxic pollution problem is composed of several interrelated parts which are involved in the process of production, use, and disposal of chemicals and products considered necessary for society. Each day, millions of pounds of toxic chemicals are used, stored, disposed of, and transported in and out of communities throughout the United States. Most Americans assume that pollution and other environmental hazards are problems faced equally by everyone in our society. But a growing body of research shows that the most common victims of environmental hazards and pollution are minorities and the poor. Disproportionate exposure to environmental hazards is part of the complex cycle of discrimination and deprivation faced by minorities in the United States. This article examines social science empirical research on the relationship between race, class, and the distribution of environmental hazards and the theoretical perspectives which have emerged to explain environmental inequities. The article also discusses the link between the environmental justice movement, which seeks to confront the causes and consequences of environmental inequities, and social science research on environmental inequity.

The lived narrative versus the learned narrative

John McGahern ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linden MacIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Seamus Heaney ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Cape Breton Island ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Personal Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

John McGahern, in his fiction and memoir, follows an ancient bardic tradition exemplified in our time by the poets Seamus Heaney and Sorley MacLean. This chapter takes a more personal approach to make connections between the author’s childhood in a small place on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, and the early years of John McGahern, Seamus Heaney and Sorley MacLean, a Scottish poet. The chapter examines the author’s own formation as a journalist and novelist – a journey greatly influenced by McGahern and by the strong Irish and Scottish tradition of Breton Island - alongside that of the three writers. It explores the relationship between growing up on an island and a sense of isolation and inferiority that might go with it, and the impact that this kind of life might have had on McGahern’s, Heaney’s and MacSorley’s work and personality.

scholarly journals Contribution of Design Indicators in Perception of Social Capital, and Interference of Socio-Demographic Information in the Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3589
Author(s):  
Akbar Rahimi ◽  
Mahsa Tarashkar ◽  
Banafshe Jahantab
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effective Contribution

Social capital is the effective contribution of social groups through providing a context for cooperation, sense of identity, and perception of social norms. Urban parks are important components of cities, helps building the social capital within urban societies. This study examines the social capital of important urban parks of Tehran, Iran, using three main criteria: informal social control, social cohesion, and social leverage. A stratified random sample of 330 users were selected and asked to rank the social capital criteria using a questionnaire involving five-point Likert scale questions. The results show mutual relationship between informal social control and social leverage (r = 0.62, α = 0.00), and also inter-relationship between design indicators and perceived social capital. People from lower age group and higher educational level show highest perception of social capital. Perceptual difference were observed between genders. Women experience higher esthetic perception (α = 0.00), security (α = 0.01), and accessibility (α = 0.03). The study, while proving the relationship between social indicators and design features, and the impact of personal characteristics on the perception of social capital, indicates social inequality in citizens’ equal benefit of social capital. Measures must be taken to increase social capital in society and solve the significant lower perceptions of some social capital indicators among specific groups.

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