A study on the odor threshold values of the fatty acids and VOCs of specified offensive odor substances

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Soo Choi ◽  
◽  
Jin-Seok Han ◽  
Bu-Ju Gong ◽  
Seok-Yong Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Odor Threshold ◽  
Threshold Values

Understanding odorants associated with compost, biomass facilities, and the land application of biosolids

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E. Rosenfeld ◽  
I.H. Suffet
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Odor Threshold ◽  
Odor Quality ◽  
Individual Odor ◽  
Aldehydes And Ketones ◽  
Odor Character ◽  
Sulfur And Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Unique Individual

Odorous water and air can result from compost, biomass facilities and land application of biosolids. Common odorous compounds from these biodegradation systems include alcohols, aldehydes, fatty acids, solvents and various sulfur and nitrogen compounds. Each odorant possesses a unique individual odor signature i.e. odor character or quality, odor threshold concentration and chemical concentration. This paper develops an initial understanding of how the volatile odorous chemicals and their relative concentrations produced are related to the total odor quality from the process by their odor threshold concentrations. The compost process is used as an example. It was estimated, that on day 1 and 7, the primary fatty acids controlling the fermented and rotten odors were butyric acid and valeric acids, individually, unpleasant and rancid odors, respectively, although acetic acid had the highest fatty acid concentration on both days. In the same way, aldehydes and ketones controlled the disappearance of the sweet odor from day 1 to 7.

International Comparison of Odor Threshold Values of Several Odorants in Japan and in the Netherlands

1993 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hoshika ◽  
T. Imamura ◽  
G. Muto ◽  
L.J. Vangemert ◽  
J.A. Don ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
Odor Threshold ◽  
Threshold Values

scholarly journals The Effect of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Concentration on the Aroma Profile of Goat’s Milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Cais-Sokolińska ◽  
Jacek Wójtowski ◽  
Jan Pikul ◽  
Romualda Danków ◽  
Małgorzata Majcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Compound ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Odor Threshold ◽  
Goat’S Milk ◽  
Goat's Milk

AbstractIn this study, varying concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids in goat’s milk were obtained by supplementing goat feed rations with maize dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). In comparison to the control group, the milk of goats that received DDGS contained about 25% more polyunsaturated fatty acids, 30% more conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and had more favorable values of the atherogenic and thrombogenic indices. The diverse composition of fatty acids present in the goat’s milk correlated with the olfactory perception of the milk and its volatile compound profile. The level of unsaturated fatty acids significantly affected the odors detected in the processed goat’s milk. The volatile compound profile of the milk was mostly differentiated by the concentrations of aldehydes (hexanal and furfural) and furanones (furaneol), which exceeded their odor threshold values. The total concentration of identified aldehydes was highest in pasteurized milk samples from the goats of the experimental group, as a result of heating. Furfural was found in pasteurized samples of both the control and experimental milk at concentrations exceeding its odor threshold (3 mg·kg−1). Feeding goats with DDGS did not change the animal, cooked, dairy fat, lack of freshness, light-oxidized, or overall dairy flavors of the raw milk. After pasteurization, milk from goats fed with DDGS retained its characteristic animal odor and gained a very intense cooked flavor.

scholarly journals Relevance of n-butanol as a reference gas for odorants and complex odors

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1751-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Feilberg ◽  
Michael J. Hansen ◽  
Ole Pontoppidan ◽  
Arne Oxbøl ◽  
Kristoffer Jonassen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Odor Threshold ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Reference Compound ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Odor Mixtures ◽  
Odor Analysis ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Odor analysis by olfactometry relies on the use of n-butanol as a reference compound for standardizing the selection of human panelists. This requires that human sensitivity towards n-butanol is correlated to sensitivity towards other odorants as well as complex odor mixtures. However, there is limited evidence in the literature of such correlations. In this work, datasets from three odor laboratories were investigated in order to clarify this. All panels routinely analyzed n-butanol and H2S samples. Two of the laboratories analyzed samples from pig production or industry, whereas one laboratory determined odor threshold values for typical pig production odorants. Non-significant correlations were observed in most cases and odor threshold values for structurally related compounds were not well correlated. The work presented strongly indicates that the sensitivity of odor panelists towards n-butanol is not well transferred to other odorants or odor samples. Furthermore, minimization of variance by using n-butanol is not transferable to other odorants or environmental samples. Thus, the harmonization of human panelists for odor analysis based on n-butanol does not appear to result in harmonization with respect to other odorants or odor samples.

SELECTION AND TREA1MENT CF PANELISTS FOR DETERMINATION OF ODOR THRESHOIDS M. Hangartner Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Hygiene and Applied Physiology In order to harmonize an odor measurement technique, national guide­ lines or recaimendations from Germany, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom are compared with respect to selection and treat­ ment of panelists. Different methods of mathematical treatment of threshold data are also presented. 1. INTRODUCTION The task of the working group "odours" in working party one of the COST 681 programme on processing and use of sewage sludge is to give a contribution to harmonize an odor measurement technique. For this purpose the national guidelines or recommendations from Germany, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom are compared. The emphasis of this paper lies on selection and treatment of panelists for odor threshold determination. It is well known that sensitivity of men to odorants varies within a large range. By selecting the panelists at one extreme of the sensiti­ vity distribution, the result can be falsified. However, by chosing a large number of panelists, this effect can be minimized, but this is often not suitable in practise. In the following the different reccmnen-dations are presented. Another source of variation of threshold values is the treatment of panelists, that means comfort, motivation, interaction with panelleader, adaptation etc. These effects can be reduced using a proper detection method. Finally, different methods for threshold data treatment may pro­ duce different threshold values. For comparison, the following guidelines are reviewed: Germany - VDI Guideline 3881: Olfactometric method of odor threshold determina­ tion, Fundamentals (Nov., 1983) France - AFNOR Standard: Air pollution - Method of measuring odors from gaseous effluents determination of the dilution factor of the threshold of per­ ception (1982) Netherlands - Odor standard, Ministerie van Volkshuisevesting (1983) United Kingdom - Odor control - a concise guide prepared on behalf of the Department of the Environment Warren Spring Laboratory (1980)

1986 ◽  
pp. 69-69
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Odor Threshold ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Threshold Data ◽  
Institute Of Technology

scholarly journals Additivity between Key Odorants in Pig House Air

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1008
Author(s):  
Michael Jørgen Hansen ◽  
Anders Peter S. Adamsen ◽  
Chuandong Wu ◽  
Anders Feilberg
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Odor Threshold ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Odor Detection ◽  
Odor Detection Threshold ◽  
Key Odorants ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Concentration Levels

The verification of odor abatement technologies for livestock production based on chemical odorants requires a method for conversion into an odor value that reflects the significance of the individual odorants. The aim of the present study was to compare the SOAV method (Sum of Odor Activity Values) with the odor detection threshold measured by olfactometry and to investigate the assumption of additivity. Synthetic pig house air with odorants at realistic concentration levels was used in the study (hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, trimethylamine, butanoic acid, and 4-methylphenol). An olfactometer with only PTFE in contact with sample air was used to estimate odor threshold values (OTVs) and the odor detection threshold for samples with two to five odorants. The results show a good correlation (R2 = 0.88) between SOAV estimated based on the OTVs for panelists in the present study and values found in the literature. For the majority of the samples, the ratio between the odor detection threshold and SOAV was not significantly different from one, which indicates that the OAV for individual odorants in a mixture can be considered additive. In conclusion, the assumption of additivity between odorants measured in pig house air seems reasonable, but the strength of the method is determined by the OTV data used.

Fatty Acids and Glycerides

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-814
Author(s):  
J. L. HARWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids
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