scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF RESTING ECG AMONG SABAH PROFESSIONAL MALE FOOTBALLERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Azwan Aziz ◽  
Redzal Abu Hanifah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sinus Bradycardia ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Exercise Stress Test ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Cardiac Pathology ◽  
Wave Inversion ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

The purpose of this study is to describe the resting electrocardiogram (ECG) seen among 176 professional male footballers from Sabah Football Association Club during preparticipation evaluation. Data were analysed retrospectively from 2017 to 2019. Majority of the players were Sabah natives (n=153, 87%) while the remaining were Malay footballers (n=23, 13%). Mean age of the players was 19.9 ± 3.1, mean body mass index was 22.6 kg/m2 ± 7, mean resting heart rate was 53.6 beats per minute ± 9.4, mean systolic blood pressure was 122.3 mmHg ± 12, and mean diastolic blood pressure was 65.1 mmHg ± 8.8. Using the International Criteria for ECG Interpretation in Athletes 2017 consensus guidelines, 8.5% (n=15) had abnormal ECG while 2.8% (n=5) had borderline ECG. The most common ECG changes seen in the normal findings were sinus bradycardia (n=123, 69.9%), early repolarization (n=115, 65.3%) and left ventricular hypertrophy (n=83,47.2%). Abnormal ECGs were abnormal t wave inversion (n=7,4.0%) and pre-excitation syndrome (n=5,2.9%). All footballers with abnormal ECG findings were subjected to further evaluation by a cardiologist using echocardiography assessment and exercise stress test. They passed the cardiology assessment; thus, they were deemed fit to play. ECG is a valuable tool for pre-participation health screening prior to exercise or sports participation, as it is vital for a physician to identify any abnormal ECG to minimise the risk of sudden cardiac death during exercise due to cardiac pathology.

scholarly journals Coagulation and inhibitory and fibrinolytic proteins in essential hypertension.

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-228
Author(s):  
N D Vaziri ◽  
D H Smith ◽  
R L Winer ◽  
M A Weber ◽  
E C Gonzales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Exercise Stress Test ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
D Dimer

Arterial hypertension (HTN) increases the risk of cerebral coronary, and other vascular complications that frequently involve platelet activation and blood coagulation. Several key proteins in the blood coagulation, fibrinolytic and inhibitory systems were studied in 29 men with HTN (aged 45 +/- 3 yr) and 15 normal men of the same age. Plasma levels of high-molecular-weight kininogen and factors XII, IX, VII, X, II, and XIII, as well as von Willebrand factor (vWF), fibrinogen, fibronectin, alpha 2-antiplasmin, tissue-plasminogen activator, D-dimer, platelet factor-4, and protein C were measured by the use of appropriate functional and immunologic assays before and after a cardiopulmonary exercise stress test. The concentrations of vWF, alpha 2-antiplasmin, and D-dimer were significantly (P < 0.02) higher in the HTN group as compared with the control group. The exercise stress test resulted in significant rises in the plasma vWF, alpha 2-antiplasmin, and tissue-plasminogen activator levels in the two groups. The concentrations of vWF and D-dimer were related to diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.44 and 0.40, respectively; P < 0.02). Levels of vWF also were related to left ventricular mass index and left ventricular posterior wall and septal thickness (r = 0.34, 0.43, and 0.34, respectively; P < 0.05). The constellation of these findings suggests a low-grade fibrin formation and degradation, the magnitude of which is related to the diastolic blood pressure. The observed abnormalities can potentially contribute to the cardiovascular complications of untreated HTN.

scholarly journals Systolic Blood Pressure Response to Exercise Stress Test and Risk of Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 2036-2041 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kurl ◽  
J.A. Laukkanen ◽  
R. Rauramaa ◽  
T.A. Lakka ◽  
J. Sivenius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Exercise Stress Test ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Response To Exercise

scholarly journals Premature Ventricular Contractions During the Recovery Phase of Exercise Are Only Associated with Increased Cardiovascular Mortality when Present Together with Echocardiographic Abnormalities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lindow ◽  
Magnus Ekstrom ◽  
Lars Brudin ◽  
Kristofer Hedman ◽  
Martin Ugander
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Exercise Stress Test ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Structural Explanation ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contractions ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) during the recovery of exercise stress testing are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, but the cause remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association of PVCs during recovery with abnormalities on echocardiography, and to evaluate their combined prognostic performance. Methods: Echocardiographic abnormalities (reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, valvular heart disease, LV dilatation, LV hypertrophy, or increased filling pressures) and the presence of PVCs during recovery (≥1/min) were identified among patients having undergone resting echocardiography within median [interquartile range] 0 [0-2] days of an exercise stress test. The association between such changes and cardiovascular mortality was analyzed using Cox regression adjusted for age, sex, clinical and exercise variables. Results: Among included patients (n=3,106, 219 events, 7.9 [5.4-11.1] years follow-up), PVCs during recovery was found in 1,327 (43%) patients, among which prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities was increased (58% vs. 43%, p<0.001). Overall, PVCs during recovery was associated with increased cardiovascular mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval] 1.6 [1.2-2.1], p<0.001). When combined with echocardiographic abnormalities, PVCs during recovery was only associated with increased risk when such were present (adjusted HR 3.3 [2.0-5.4], p<0.001), and not when absent (adjusted HR 1.4 [0.7-2.6], p=0.26), in reference to those with neither. Conclusion: PVCs during recovery was associated with increased prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities. Increased risk of cardiovascular mortality was observed only for subjects with PVCs if concomitant echocardiographic abnormalities were present. This provides a structural explanation for the increased long-term cardiovascular risk among patients with PVCs during recovery.

scholarly journals Effects of Atorvastatin on Resting and Peak Exercise Blood Pressure among Normotensive Men and Women

Cholesterol ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Zaleski ◽  
Marianne L. Mentch ◽  
Linda S. Pescatello ◽  
Beth A. Taylor ◽  
Jeffrey A. Capizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Exercise Stress Test ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Exercise Blood Pressure ◽  
Double Blinded

Statins are the most widely prescribed and effective medication for reducing low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Statins may also lower resting blood pressure (BP); however, results are inconsistent. We sought to determine if the maximum dose of atorvastatin reduces resting BP and the peak systolic BP (SBP) achieved on a graded exercise stress test (GEST) among a large sample of 419 healthy men (48%) and women (52%). Subjects (419, 44.1±0.8 yr) were double-blinded and randomized to 80 mg·d−1 of atorvastatin (n=202) or placebo (n=217) for 6 mo. Among the total sample, there were no differences in resting BP (SBP, P=0.30; diastolic BP [DBP], P=0.69; mean arterial pressure (P=0.76); or peak SBP on a GEST (P=0.99)) over 6 mo, regardless of drug treatment group. However, among women on atorvastatin, resting SBP/DBP (3.7±1.5 mmHg, P=0.01/3.2±0.9 mmHg, P=0.02) and peak SBP on a GEST (6.5±1.5 mmHg, P=0.04) were lower versus men. Atorvastatin lowered resting BP 3-4 mmHg and peak SBP on a GEST ~7 mmHg more among women than men over 6 mo of treatment. The inconsistent findings regarding the antihypertensive effects of statins may be partially explained by not accounting for sex effects.

scholarly journals HEPATIC STEATOSIS IS INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERREACTIVE BLOOD PRESSURE RESPONSE ON THE EXERCISE STRESS TEST

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (13) ◽  
pp. E1793
Author(s):  
Antonio Laurinavicius ◽  
Fernando Nary ◽  
Michael Blaha ◽  
Khurram Nasir ◽  
Raquel Conceicao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Exercise Stress Test ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Exercise Stress

scholarly journals Exercise-Stress Echocardiography Reveals Systolic Anterior Motion of the Mitral Valve as a Cause of Syncopes in a Cardiac Amyloidosis Patient

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tor Skibsted Clemmensen ◽  
Henning Mølgaard ◽  
Niels Frost Andersen ◽  
Steen Baerentzen ◽  
Steen Hvitfeldt Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Cardiac Amyloidosis ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Pacemaker Implantation ◽  
Exercise Stress Test ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Systolic Anterior Motion ◽  
Bicycle Exercise ◽  
Left Ventricular Outflow

Patients with cardiac amyloidosis are at increased AV-block and syncope risk. Therefore, a prophylactic pacemaker is often implanted. However, this case illustrates that other mechanisms should be ruled out prior to pacemaker implantation. The patient studied had mitral valve thickening without increased left ventricular outflow track (LVOT) velocity. However, bicycle exercise-stress test with simultaneous echocardiography revealed a stepwise decrease in blood pressure, a substantial increase in the LVOT velocity, and severe systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. The patients’ symptoms were likely explained by these findings. Therefore, a comprehensive clinical evaluation is warranted prior to pacemaker implantation in cardiac amyloidosis patients.

Elevated Blood Pressure in a High School Football Player: Case Presentation and Discussion

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-394
Author(s):  
Ted A Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Exercise Stress Test ◽  
Football Player ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Elevated Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Graded Exercise

A case is presented of an adolescent high school athlete found to have mildly elevated systolic blood pressure (BP) at the preseason group physical examination. As part of the evaluation to clear him for participation, a graded exercise stress test was performed. The test revealed a systolic BP at peak exercise of 260 mm Hg. The rationale for hygienic and pharmacologic management of this situation is discussed, and the results of this process are detailed. This patient was finally treated with nifedipine after unacceptable results with lisinopril, pindolol, and nonpharmacological approaches. The graded exercise test can be a valuable part of the evaluation of a hypertensive athlete. Besides revealing the occasional dangerous superelevation of BP, the test results can reveal the individual’s cardiovascular response to stress. This can provide insight into the etiology of and prognosis for the patient’s problem. Follow-up testing should be done after any treatment is provided.

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