Prospective Analysis of Minimum Pricing Policies to Reduce Excessive Alcohol Use and Related Harms in U.S. States

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 710-719
Author(s):  
Jennifer LeClercq ◽  
Stephanie Bernard ◽  
Francesca Mucciaccio ◽  
Marissa B. Esser
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Prospective Analysis ◽  
Pricing Policies ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

scholarly journals Qualitative Evaluation of Web-Based Digital Intervention to Prevent and Reduce Excessive Alcohol Use and Harm Among Young People Aged 14-15 Years: A “Think-Aloud” Study

10.2196/19749 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. e19749
Author(s):  
Laura Elizabeth Tinner ◽  
Eileen Kaner ◽  
Claire Garnett ◽  
Siobhan Mitchell ◽  
Matthew Hickman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Youth Workers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Social Pressures ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

Background In the United Kingdom, despite some downward trends in alcohol use among young people, over one-fifth of young people reported excessive alcohol use in the past month, which is associated with short- and long-term harm to health. Digital interventions to reduce alcohol use, such as websites, among young people present an appealing and cost-effective mode of intervention that can be integrated into the education system. However, relatively few school-based digital alcohol-focused interventions have been developed and evaluated for young people in the United Kingdom. Objective This study aims to develop a novel web-based intervention, Rethink Alcohol, to prevent and reduce excessive alcohol use and related harm among young people aged between 14 and 15 years, and explore the views of young people, teachers, and youth workers in relation to the content, design, and usability of the intervention. Methods Intervention development followed the person-based approach, using theories of social norms and social influence. Qualitative “Think-Aloud” interviews, either one-to-one or paired, were conducted while participants perused and worked through the web-based intervention, talking aloud. Participants included 20 young people (12 female, 8 male), 5 youth workers (4 female, 1 male), 3 teachers (2 male, 1 female), and 1 (male) clinical professional, recruited via youth groups and professional networks. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically. Results The prototype web-based intervention included normative feedback, information, a quiz, interactive activities, and scenarios. On a rating scale of impressions from poor (1) to excellent (5), participants gave an average score of 3.6/5. A total of 5 themes were identified: content, credibility of the website, making the website easy to understand, design and navigation, and suitability for the audience. These themes reflected views that the content was interesting, credible, informative, and embodied a neutral and nonjudgmental tone, but stronger messaging was needed regarding social pressures and short-term risks regarding safety and risk behavior alongside clarity around pathways of risk; credibility and trustworthiness of information were critical features, determined in part, by the professionalism of design and referencing of sources of information provided; and messages should be succinct and come to life through design and interactive features. Conclusions Together, the data illustrated the importance and challenge of communicating nuanced alcohol-focused public health messages to young people in concise, clear, nonjudgmental, and appealing ways. Young people report interest in clear, credible, neutral, and interactive messages regarding social pressures and short-term risks of alcohol use via a web-based intervention. There is scope for optimization and feasibility testing of the Rethink Alcohol intervention.

Abstract 3586: Alcohol Consumption and One-Year Angina Risk After Myocardial Infarction

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M Buchanan ◽  
Surya Mundluru ◽  
James H O’Keefe ◽  
Kimberly J Reid ◽  
Fengmeng Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Dependent Relationship ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Acute Mi ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
One Year

Background: Prior studies show light to moderate alcohol use is associated with reduced mortality and cardiovascular events, whereas heavy use increases mortality and cardiovascular risks. The association of alcohol use and post-myocardial infarction (MI) symptoms is unknown. We explored the association between alcohol use and risk of having angina 1 year after an MI. Methods: Upon enrollment in the 19-center prospective PREMIER registry, acute MI patients (n=2481) were asked about alcohol use. Angina (any vs. none) was assessed at 1 year with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire. The association of alcohol use and 1-year angina was modeled using a hierarchical multivariable modified Poisson regression model. Results: Overall, 47% reported never drinking and others reported having the following # of drinks/day: 42% < 1; 6% 1 to 2; 3% > 2 to 4; 2% > 4. After adjusting for demographic, clinical, and treatment variables, patients that reported never drinking were 45% more likely to have angina than moderate drinkers (1 to 2 drinks/day). However, > drinks/day was associated with an 81% greater risk of angina than moderate alcohol use. Those drinking < 1 drink/day or > 2 to 4 per day had similar angina risk compared to moderate drinkers. Results did not vary by gender (p > .05 for interaction). Conclusions: This study extends prior evidence of a dose-dependent relationship between alcohol use and other cardiovascular benefits/risks to post-MI angina. Moderate alcohol consumption (1 to 2 drinks/day) was associated with reduced risk of angina 1 year after MI compared to abstinence or heavy alcohol consumption. Excessive alcohol use (>4 drinks/day) was associated with increased risk of angina.

Unhealthy Alcohol Use

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R Holt ◽  
Joseph H. Donroe
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Unhealthy Alcohol Use ◽  
Unhealthy Alcohol ◽  
Societal Norms ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

Unhealthy alcohol use refers to a spectrum of alcohol consumption ranging from at-risk drinking to alcohol use disorder. It is associated with both a high cost to society and to individuals. Globally, alcohol is a leading cause of death and disability, and despite the high prevalence of unhealthy alcohol use, diagnosis, and treatment of alcohol use disorder remains disproportionately low. Risk for unhealthy alcohol use and alcohol related harms is multifactorial and includes genetic factors, gender, age, socioeconomic status, cultural and societal norms, and policies regulating alcohol consumption among others. Excessive alcohol use is associated with a myriad of poor physical and mental health outcomes, and screening for unhealthy alcohol use is universally recommended and effective. This review contains 1 figures, 2 tables, and 76 references.  Key Words: addiction, alcohol, cancer, diagnosis, drinking, liver disease, screening, stigma, use disorderImportant Advances

Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-consumption Predicts the Risk of Excessive Alcohol Consumption After Liver Transplantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934-1938
Author(s):  
Takuya Yano ◽  
Masahiro Ohira ◽  
Ryoko Sakamoto ◽  
Aiko Narisada ◽  
Seiichi Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

scholarly journals Association between Excessive Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Related Injuries in College Students: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study in Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 242 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi Yoshimoto ◽  
Ayumi Takayashiki ◽  
Ryohei Goto ◽  
Go Saito ◽  
Kyoko Kawaida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

scholarly journals Should We Use Carbohydrate-deficient Transferrin instead of γ-Glutamyltransferase for Detecting Problem Drinkers? A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1894-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Scouller ◽  
Katherine M Conigrave ◽  
Petra Macaskill ◽  
Les Irwig ◽  
John B Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Problem Drinkers ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Assay Methods ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) has been used as a test for excessive alcohol consumption in research, clinical, and medico-legal settings, but there remain conflicting data on its accuracy, with sensitivities ranging from &lt;20% to 100%. We examined evidence of its benefit over a conventional and less expensive test, γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and compared the accuracy of different CDT assay methods. Methods: We performed a systematic review using summary ROC analysis of 110 studies prior to June 1998 on the use of CDT in the detection of alcohol dependence or hazardous/harmful alcohol use. Results: We identified several potential sources of bias in studies. In studies examining CDT and GGT in the same subjects, subject characteristics were less likely to influence the comparison. In such paired studies, the original Pharmacia CDT assay was significantly more accurate than GGT, but the modified CDTect assay did not perform as well as the original and was not significantly better than GGT. The accuracy of the AXIS %CDT assay was statistically indistinguishable from modified CDTect. Several CDT assay methods appeared promising, in particular, liquid chromatography (chromatofocusing, HPLC, fast protein liquid chromatography) and isoelectric focusing, but there were insufficient paired studies from which to draw firm conclusions. Conclusions: In studies published before June 1998, the results obtained with commercially available CDT assays were not significantly better than GGT as markers of excessive alcohol use in paired studies. Further high-quality studies comparing CDTect (modified) and other CDT assays with GGT in the same subjects are needed.

Effects of early and later marriage on women's alcohol use in young adulthood: a prospective analysis.

2005 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M Bogart ◽  
Rebecca L Collins ◽  
Phyllis L Ellickson ◽  
Steven C Martino ◽  
David J Klein
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Prospective Analysis

scholarly journals Novel Serum Biomarkers for Detection of Excessive Alcohol Use

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suthat Liangpunsakul ◽  
Xianyin Lai ◽  
Ruth A. Ross ◽  
Zhangsheng Yu ◽  
Elizabeth Modlik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

scholarly journals Cultural Differences in Tweeting about Drinking Across the US

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Giorgi ◽  
David B. Yaden ◽  
Johannes C. Eichstaedt ◽  
Robert D. Ashford ◽  
Anneke E.K. Buffone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Community Project ◽  
The Us ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

Excessive alcohol use in the US contributes to over 88,000 deaths per year and costs over $250 billion annually. While previous studies have shown that excessive alcohol use can be detected from general patterns of social media engagement, we characterized how drinking-specific language varies across regions and cultures in the US. From a database of 38 billion public tweets, we selected those mentioning “drunk”, found the words and phrases distinctive of drinking posts, and then clustered these into topics and sets of semantically related words. We identified geolocated “drunk” tweets and correlated their language with the prevalence of self-reported excessive alcohol consumption (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; BRFSS). We then identified linguistic markers associated with excessive drinking in different regions and cultural communities as identified by the American Community Project. “Drunk” tweet frequency (of the 3.3 million geolocated “drunk” tweets) correlated with excessive alcohol consumption at both the county and state levels (r = 0.26 and 0.45, respectively, p < 0.01). Topic analyses revealed that excessive alcohol consumption was most correlated with references to drinking with friends (r = 0.20), family (r = 0.15), and driving under the influence (r = 0.14). Using the American Community Project classification, we found a number of cultural markers of drinking: religious communities had a high frequency of anti-drunk driving tweets, Hispanic centers discussed family members drinking, and college towns discussed sexual behavior. This study shows that Twitter can be used to explore the specific sociocultural contexts in which excessive alcohol use occurs within particular regions and communities. These findings can inform more targeted public health messaging and help to better understand cultural determinants of substance abuse.

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