Diversity, Composition, and Abundance Distribution of Birds in  Kariangau Industrial Zone, Balikpapan City, East Borneo

The Kariangau Industrial Zone extends industry from Balikpapan city in the Central Balikpapan to the coast in Western Balikpapan, forming a part of Balikpapan Bay. Our study aimed to estimate the diversity, species composition, and the abundance distribution of birds at the industrial zone of Balikpapan City. Our study contained six replicates each of boat transects on four rivers, the Somber, Getah, Paka Dua, and Wain rivers during the months of May and June 2017. We calculated the Margalef diversity and Bray–Curtis similarity indices to estimate diversity and species composition, whereas bird abundance distributions were analyzed using Paleontological Statistics (PAST) version 3.12. The Getah river had the highest diversity index (4.846), followed by the Somber (3.988), Wain (3.510), and Paka Dua (3.050) rivers. The Bray–Curtis index revealed high similarity in species composition between the Wain and Paka Dua. Our rarefaction analysis showed that the Wain and Paka Dua rivers were well sampled and had lower species richness, with low differences between the observed and expected species richness, than the Somber and Getah rivers. Fisher Log Series Model also showed abundance distribution being highest at Getah (11.170), and lowest at the Paka Dua Rivers (5.221). This observation may be due to heightened industrial activities and boat traffic on each river. Our study provides a useful baseline for future research on the bird assemblages on Balikpapan Bay.

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Variations in Total Species Richness and the Unevenness of Species Abundance Distribution between Two Distant Conus Communities (Neogastropoda): A Case Study in Mannar Gulf (India)

Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology ◽

10.9734/ajee/2019/v9i430102 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Jean Béguinot

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Composition ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Species Abundance Distribution ◽

Abundance Distribution ◽

Marine Gastropods ◽

Total Species Richness ◽

Species Recruitment ◽

Total Species

The genus Conus forms a conspicuous and rather homogeneous group within marine Gastropods. This makes it all the more interesting to focus on the sub-communities formed by Conus species and to analyze the potential specificities in the internal organization of species in these communities, in particular species richness, species abundance distribution and the effect of geographical distance between communities on differences in their respective species composition. Accordingly, two Conus communities along the coast in Mannar Gulf (India), separated by 80 km, are considered. Reliable analysis requires, first, to treat exhaustive data from complete samplings or, else – as here – to implement an appropriate extrapolation procedure to complete numerically the partial samplings. After numerical completion, substantial differences were highlighted between the two communities, not only in terms of true (total) species richness but, even more, as regards the profile and the average unevenness of the distributions of species abundance. Also, significant dissimilarity in species composition was found between the two communities, that may be tentatively attributed to either deterministic distance decay in similarity of species composition or, alternatively, to the persistence in the stochastic process of species recruitment from the regional stock of Conus planktonic larvae. This preliminary study yet requests to be complemented by other similar case studies, before drawing any safer interpretative conclusions.

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Does the surrounding vegetation influence the fruit fly assemblage in guava orchards?

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v35n4a2019-42042 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Kátia da Cruz Vargas ◽

Alfredo Raúl Abot ◽

Victor Ribeiro Acosta ◽

Marcos Henrique Frech Telles ◽

José Nicácio Do Nascimento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Species Composition ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Native Forest ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Corn Protein ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

This study aimed to evaluate how the surrounding vegetation affects the assemblage of fruit flies. For this, flies were collected in guava orchards with distinct types of surrounding vegetation (exotic pasture, native forest and fruit tree intercropping). The experiment was conducted in Itaporã and Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Weekly samples were collected from March to April 2015. McPhail traps were baited with 5% hydrolyzed corn protein. Species richness, diversity index and abundance were evaluated for each orchard, as well as the species composition of fruit fly between the environments surrounding the orchard and, finally, the sex ratio. A total of 579 individuals were collected of the species Anastrepha fraterculus, A. montei, A. obliqua, A. sororcula, A. striata, A. turpiniae and A. zenildae. The orchard surrounded by native forest had the highest species richness and Shannon diversity. The species composition differed between environments, with the formation of three distinct groups. The environment surrounding the guava orchard influences the richness, diversity, abundance and sex ratio of fruit flies, indicating that the native forest may provide more resources for the maintenance of these insects.

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Floristic composition and similarity of 15 hectares in Central Amazon, Brazil

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v59i4.33310 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1927-1938

Author(s):

Kátia Emidio da Silva ◽

Sebastião Venancio Martins ◽

Carlos Antonio Alvares Soares Ribeiro ◽

Nerilson Terra Santos ◽

Celso Paulo De Azevedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Composition ◽

Rare Species ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Mantel Test ◽

Permanent Plots ◽

Terra Firme ◽

Floristic Similarity ◽

Forest Diversity ◽

Number Of Individuals

The Amazon region is one of the most diverse areas in the world. Research on high tropical forest diversity brings up relevant contributions to understand the mechanisms that result and support such diversity. In the present study we describe the species composition and diversity of 15 one-ha plots in the Amazonian terra firme dense forest in Brazil, and compare the floristic similarity of these plots with other nine one-ha plots. The 15 plots studied were randomly selected from permanent plots at the Embrapa Experimental site, Amazonas State in 2005. The diversity was analysed by using species richness and Shannon’s index, and by applying the Sorensen’s index for similarity and unweighted pair-group average (UPGMA) as clustering method. Mantel test was performed to study whether the differences in species composition between sites could be explained by the geographic distance between them. Overall, we identified 8 771 individuals, 264 species and 51 plant families. Most of the species were concentrated in few families and few had large number of individuals. Families presenting the highest species richness were Fabaceae (Faboideae: 22spp., Mimosoideae: 22spp.), Sapotaceae: 22spp., Lecythidaceae: 15 and Lauraceae: 13. Burseraceae had the largest number of individuals with 11.8% of the total. The ten most abundant species were: Protium hebetatum (1 037 individuals), Eschweilera coriacea (471), Licania oblongifolia (310), Pouteria minima (293), Ocotea cernua (258), Scleronema micranthum (197), Eschweilera collina (176), Licania apelata (172), Naucleopsis caloneura (170) and Psidium araca (152), which represented 36.5% of all individuals. Approximately 49% of species had up to ten individuals and 13% appeared only once in all sampled plots, showing a large occurrence of rare species. Our study area is on a forest presenting a high tree species diversity with Shannon’s diversity index of 4.49. The dendrogram showed two groups of plots with low similarity between them (less than 0.25), and the closer the plots were one to another, more similar in species composition (Mantel R=0.3627, p<0.01). The 15 plots in our study area share more than 50% of their species composition and represent the group of plots that have the shortest distance between each other. Overall, our results highlight the high local and regional heterogeneity of environments in terra firme forests, and the high occurrence of rare species, which should be considered in management and conservation programs in the Amazon rainforest, in order to maintain its structure on the long run.

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How do plant communities and flower visitors relate? A case study of semi-natural xerothermic grasslands

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2013.015 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 99-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Damian Chmura ◽

Paweł Adamski ◽

Zygmunt Denisiuk

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Composition ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Correspondence Analysis ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽

Permanent Plots ◽

Moisture Index ◽

Rarefaction Analysis ◽

Flower Visitors

The paper examines the relationships between the species composition of flower visitors and plants in the semi-natural xerothermic grasslands in southern and central Poland. Thirty 10 × 10 m permanent plots were laid out in total, mainly in nature reserves. The vegetation units studied were classified according to the Braun-Blanquet system; these were phytocoenoses of the Festuco-Brometea classes Inuletum ensifoliae, Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati and the transitional plant community. Entomological research was performed using the Pollard method within the same plots. A particular site was visited only once and different sites were studied between April and August 2008. We applied, among others, co-correspondence-analysis Co-CA, detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) to investigate the co-occurrence patterns of plants and flower visitors and their biotopic requirements. We found that the species composition of flower visitors cannot be predicted by floristic composition when the duration of the study is restricted to one day (but under similar weather conditions); however, there is a positive relationship between the species richness of insects and plants and a positive relationship between the number of plant species and the abundance of flower visitors. The Ellenberg moisture index and the cover of meadow species significantly explained the species composition of insects. The three various vegetation units and five dominant xerothermic species, i.e. Adonis vernalis, Anemone sylvestris, Inula ensifolia, Linum hirsutum and Carlina onopordifolia that were studied across time differed in the species richness of insects. Our results demonstrate that possible patterns in the species composition and the assembly rules of flower visitors are not apparent when the Pollard method is applied. Based on the data obtained using this method, the flower visiting assemblages seem not to be driven by competition and they primarily show a tendency to co-occur which can be an artifact. A plant-focused method that included a rarefaction analysis yielded more insightful results and shed more light on the differences between the dominant plants that shape the physiognomy of plant communities in a possible pollination specialization.

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Biodiversity recovery of Neotropical secondary forests

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.aau3114 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. eaau3114 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Danaë M. A. Rozendaal ◽

Frans Bongers ◽

T. Mitchell Aide ◽

Esteban Alvarez-Dávila ◽

Nataly Ascarrunz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Composition ◽

Tree Species ◽

Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽

Secondary Forests ◽

Old Growth ◽

Rarefaction Analysis ◽

Old Growth Forest ◽

Dual Strategy ◽

Tropical Landscapes

Old-growth tropical forests harbor an immense diversity of tree species but are rapidly being cleared, while secondary forests that regrow on abandoned agricultural lands increase in extent. We assess how tree species richness and composition recover during secondary succession across gradients in environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbance in an unprecedented multisite analysis for the Neotropics. Secondary forests recover remarkably fast in species richness but slowly in species composition. Secondary forests take a median time of five decades to recover the species richness of old-growth forest (80% recovery after 20 years) based on rarefaction analysis. Full recovery of species composition takes centuries (only 34% recovery after 20 years). A dual strategy that maintains both old-growth forests and species-rich secondary forests is therefore crucial for biodiversity conservation in human-modified tropical landscapes.

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Bird Diversity in Nensebo Moist Afromontane Forest Fragment, South Eastern Ethiopia.

The Open Ornithology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874453202013010001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Ziyad Jemal ◽

Zerihun Girma ◽

Girma Mengesha

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Species Composition ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Bird Species ◽

Bird Conservation ◽

Habitat Types ◽

Forest Habitat ◽

Afromontane Forest ◽

Species Richness And Abundance

Background: Birds are one component of biodiversity. Ethiopia is rich in biodiversity resources. The avian diversity record is far from complete. There is no scientifically documented information on bird species composition and abundance at Nensebo forest. The objective of the study was to assess species composition, relative abundance and distribution of birds at Nensebo forest in southern Ethiopia. Methods: We employed a stratified random sampling technique with our study area stratified into two dominant habitat types: moist Afromontane forest and modified habitat. Within strata, we established 20 transect lines of 1km length and 0.25km width to sample 27.75% of the study area. We used line transect count methods aided by binoculars to estimate avian species diversity and distribution. We employed quantitative biodiversity indices, such as Shannon wiener diversity indexes to compare species diversity among habitat types and two way ANOVA to analyze the effect of season and habitat on bird species richness and abundance. Results: A total of 105 bird species consisting of 1 endemic, 8 near endemic, 1 globally threatened and 9 Palearctic migrants were recorded in Nensebo forest. Species richness and abundance varied between habitat types in Nensebo forest with mean species richness greater in modified habitat (mean= 4.70 ±1.65) as compared to moist Afromontane forest habitat (mean= 3.95 ±4.12, F=94.66 P<0.001). Additionally, modified habitat (Shannon diversity index= 4.131) harbored higher diversity of birds as opposed to Afromontane forest habitat (Shannon diversity index=3.79). Conclusion: The Nensebo forest has high avian species diversity including several endemic and endangered species revealing the importance of this site for bird conservation. Although we found that habitat heterogeneity favored bird species diversity, moist Afromontane habitat is critical for forest obligate species. Hence, sustainable bird conservation strategies including land use planning should be initiated for this area.

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A cross-continental look at the patterns of avian species diversity and composition across an urbanisation gradient

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr15007 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 42 (7) ◽

pp. 554 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Barbara Clucas ◽

John M. Marzluff

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Composition ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Gradient Methods ◽

Bird Species ◽

Bird Diversity ◽

Biological Traits ◽

Bird Abundance ◽

Bird Feeders ◽

Urbanisation Gradient

Context As humans become increasingly urban, the need for conservation of nature in cities increases and requires an understanding of the patterns and processes of urban ecosystems. In particular, because humans are the most dominant species in urban areas, understanding the role humans play in these ecosystems (direct and indirect) will be of primary importance. Aims We examine the diversity and composition of bird species across an urbanisation gradient in two cities (Berlin, Germany, and Seattle, Washington, USA). We determine the degrees of species urban tolerance and examine how certain biological traits of species, namely, diet, whether or not species use bird feeders, nest sites and innovation rate, characterise species urban tolerance. Finally, we determine whether human provisioning (bird feeders and nest boxes) influences what types of species persist across the urbanisation gradient. Methods We surveyed bird abundance and species richness using point counts and surveyed human provisioning by conducting door-to-door interviews of residents across an urbanisation gradient in Berlin and Seattle. Key results We found that patterns of species richness were similar in both cities, but that species composition in Berlin changed less across the urbanisation gradient than it did in Seattle. The majority of birds in Berlin were urban tolerant, whereas in Seattle, they were moderately urban tolerant and intolerant. A cluster analysis revealed that, in general, in Berlin, omnivorous, open-nesting birds that use bird feeders and have relatively high innovation rates tended to be urban tolerant. In Seattle, birds that were mostly omnivorous, nested in open cups, and used bird feeders tended to be moderately urban tolerant and they were influenced by provisioning of food by humans. Conclusion Urbanisation and human interactions with birds can act as ecological filters, favouring certain bird species that can lead to varying species compositions across an urban gradient. These differences in species composition across the gradient may be more noticeable in younger cities than in older cities where the filtering process has been occurring for longer time. Implications By providing a variety of habitats and supplementing natural foods and nesting places, urban planners and residents can help conserve bird diversity in urban areas.

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Diversity of vascular hydrophytes in the Zasavica river (Serbia): Changes after thirteen years

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs1204607v ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 1607-1617 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dragana Vukov ◽

Ruzica Igic ◽

M. Rucando ◽

Snezana Radulovic

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Species Richness ◽

Species Composition ◽

Aquatic Vegetation ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Aquatic Habitat ◽

Pannonian Plain

Zasavica is a 33.1 km-long, slow-flowing river on the southern edge of the Pannonian plain. It has been a protected natural asset since 1997, and has great value as a natural aquatic habitat. In the period between 1998 and 2010, intensive studies of the aquatic vegetation were carried out. The comparisons of results gained at the beginning of that period with those from the end, show significant differences in species composition, spatial distribution, and diversity analyzed through species richness, Shannon?s diversity index, and evenness.

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Faunistics of Coleoptera in subarctic pine forests in Finnish Lapland

Entomologica Fennica ◽

10.33338/ef.83858 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 201-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anna-Liisa Sippola ◽

Juha Siitonen ◽

Reino Kallio

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Composition ◽

Rare Species ◽

National Park ◽

Pine Forests ◽

Separate Study ◽

Total Catch ◽

Finnish Lapland ◽

Wilderness Area ◽

Similarity Indices

The beetle fauna of pine forests was surveyed by window flight trapping in four separate study areas in Pallas-Ounastunturi National Park in Enontekiö Lapland (Le) and Hammastunturi wilderness area in Inari Lapland (Li). The total catch of individuals was 4905, consisting of 195 species. The proportion of species new to the province was 48% in Le and 25% in Li, respectively. Eleven rare species (known at most from 25 localities in Finland) were found. Rarefaction, diversity analyses and similarity indices showed that species richness, relative abundances of species and species composition did not differ significantly between the study areas.

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Carabidae of Barnaul city parks: ecological characteristics and species composition

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2018_353 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 348-353

Author(s):

E. A. Kuchina ◽

N. D. Ovcharenko ◽

L. D. Vasileva

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Life Forms ◽

Ground Beetles ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Ecological Groups ◽

Dominant Group ◽

Species Diversity Index ◽

Steppe Species

Anthropogenic impact on the population of ground beetles leads to a change in their numbers, structure of dominance, density, species composition, spectrum of life forms. This makes the beetles Carabidae a convenient and informative bioindicator of the ecological state of biocenoses. The material for this work was the Carabidae collections conducted in June-August 2016-2017 in the park zone of different regions of Barnaul, differing in location, area, hydrological regime, vegetation cover, purpose and anthropogenic load. When processing the material, the quantitative, species and generic composition of the carabidae was determined, calculations were made for such indicators as the Berger-Parker dominance index, the Shannon species diversity index (Hs), and the Jacquard species similarity index. The fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the park zone of Barnaul is represented by 55 species belonging to 20 genera. The dominant group is represented by species belonging to steppe, forest and polyzonal groups. Forest-steppe species of ground beetles as dominants have not been identified in any of the investigated territories. The greatest variety of ecological groups was noted on the territory of the Yubileyny рark, which is explained by the presence of zones with various microclimatic conditions, the presence of a birch grove that flows through the park with the Pivovarka River, and a wide log in the park. Registered species belong to eight groups of life forms belonging to two classes - zoophagous and myxophytophagous. On the numerical and species abundance, zoophages predominate. The spectrum of life forms corresponds to the zonal spectrum characteristic of the forest-steppe zone.

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