scholarly journals The Sexual Behavior of Male Sexual Partner of Tranvestite in the Prevention Efforts of HIV/AIDS Transmission

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azinar ◽  
Anggipita Budi Mahardining
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Regular Partner ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Multiple Partners ◽  
Biological And Behavioral Surveillance ◽  
Male Sexual Partner ◽  
Hiv Aids

Transvestite is one of the high risk groups in HIV/AIDS. Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) states that in 2011, the HIV prevalence among waria in Indonesia has reached 22%, increasing from 2009 (18.96%). Such occurrence is because transvestite usually has multiple partners in intercourse both oral and anal sex, and rarely use condoms. Similarly, the male regular partners of transvestite also have sex with multiple sexual partners. Therefore, they also have a high risk of spread of HIV/AIDS. The objective of this study is to analyze sexual behavior of male regular partner of transvestite in Efforts to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS. The study was carried out in 2014 using qualitative approach. Data was collected by in-depth interview on 6 male regular partner of transvestite through purposive sampling and triangulation informants of peer educators. The result shows that the use of condom on male regular partners of transvestite is still low and they inconsistently use when having sex with transvestite, female sex workers and female girlfriend. Their knowledge about HIV/AIDS is not good, and some regular partner of transvestite also felt susceptibility to contracting HIV. However, the perceived severity and perceived of benefits male regular partner of transvestite is good about HIV /AIDS despite the barrier of perceived and perceived self-efficacy is low related access to condoms.

“HIV Is Our Friend”

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-52
Author(s):  
Chaitanya Lakkimsetti
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Sex Worker ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Sexually Marginalized ◽  
Hiv Aids

This chapter provides an overview of HIV/AIDS policies as well as how sexually marginalized groups are drawn into biopower programs as “high-risk” groups. In 1983, when HIV/AIDS was first detected among sex workers in India, the state’s initial response was to blame the sex workers themselves as well as to forcefully test them and confine them in prison. However, it proved impossible to incarcerate every sex worker and to stop the spread of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Instead, I argue, ultimately a consensus formed that supported giving marginalized groups a leadership role in tackling the epidemic. Drawing on ethnographic observations and the HIV/AIDS policy of the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), this chapter also highlights how these biopower projects deepened the involvement of high-risk groups as they moved from simple prevention to behavioral change. Ultimately, communities became extensions of biopower projects as they implemented these programs at the day-to-day level.

The sexual networks of female sex workers and potential HIV transmission risk: an entertainment venue-based study in Shaanxi, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 402-409
Author(s):  
Huijun Liu ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Marcus W Feldman ◽  
Qunying Xiao
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Sexual Networks ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Sexual Network ◽  
Hiv Aids

People involved in commercial sex are thought to be at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) transmission. To explore the characteristics of female sex workers’ (FSWs) sexual networks and how FSWs and their sex partners could serve as ‘bridges’ in HIV/AIDS transmission, egocentric sexual networks (where a subject is asked to identify his or her sexual contacts and their relationships) of 66 FSWs in Xi'an city, Shaanxi Province of China, were studied. Convenience sampling was used to collect FSWs’ socio-demographic and sexual behavior data, which we analyzed using social network and descriptive statistical methods. Results show that some egocentric sexual networks were connected by sex partners, and these were integrated into several components of a sexual network. According to centrality indicators, FSWs and their commercial sex partners (especially regular clients) served as key nodes within high-risk groups and as bridges between high-risk groups and the general population. The cluster of high-risk groups with cohesive sub-networks had larger network size (P < 0.001), more complex network structures, and more high-risk members (P < 0.05) than other isolated networks. The sexual network of FSWs was characterized by multiple sexual relations (680), unstable relationships (50.15%), and a high rate of inconsistent condom use with non-commercial sex partners (31.22%). By linking commercial and non-commercial sexual networks, the FSWs and their clients can become effective bridges for HIV/AIDS spread from high-risk groups to the general population.

scholarly journals Harmful and hazardous alcohol consumption among individuals with high risk of HIV infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Svyatoslav L. Plavinskii ◽  
Natalia N. Ladnaya ◽  
Elena E. Zaytseva ◽  
Anna N. Barinova
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Harmful Alcohol

Hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption was studied in high-risk groups for HIV infection acquisition using respondent-driven sampling and time-location sampling in 7 regions of Russian Federation. The prevalence of hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption was high with regional variations. Prevalence of hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption was highest among injection drug users in Tomsk (89.96% (95 % CI 87.14–92.78%)) and lowest among men who have sex with men in St. Petersburg (43.31% (95% CI 37.03–49.59%)). In general about two thirds of the groups reported hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption. As a marker of unsafe sexual behavior the answer to the question about non-use of condom was selected. There was heterogeneity among regions especially in female sex-workers reports. Use of meta-analytic summarization showed that people that reported hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption had tendency to more risky sexual behavior, though results were not statistically significant due to high prevalence of hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption. These results show need to incorporate screening for hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption into prevention programs for high-risk individuals.

scholarly journals High-risk sexual behavior among dakocan (female coffee seller)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Iwan Saka Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
High Risk Sexual Behavior ◽  
The Government ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Sexual Services ◽  
Risk Sexual Behavior ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV/AIDS cases among female sex workers in Buleleng regency was suspected related to the increasing number of indirect sex workers. Coffee sellers named dakocan who are not only selling coffee, or various food but also providing alcoholic drink and sexual service.  This study aimed to provide an overview of high-risk sexual behavior among dakocan and its determinants. The study applied a mixed-method design. First of all, the survey was conducted among 64 respondents. 14 confirmed that they were also providing sexual services who were further interviewed more deeply to know the sexual behavior related to high risk of HIV transmission. Quantitative analysis the respondents were having poor knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS (59.38%) and not a serious disease (62,50%) and 59.38 %having a low perception ,as much as 67,19% respondents perceived that they are having a high-risk variables that are significant low perception toward benefits of using condoms (95%CI=0.002-0.759; p=0.032), experience in undergoing HIV/AIDS examination (95%CI=1.039-182.903; p=0.047). These findings are supported by the qualitative interview. The government program is required to change dakocan behavior by providing preventive services including more campaigns in the importance of condoms.

The Scope of Adaptation of HIV Prevention Policy Actions by UNAIDS in the Context of Bangladesh

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Sovan Dey
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Policy Position ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV/AIDS, a worldwide epidemic, affects Bangladesh, not only among the high risk groups, but also the general population. The number of HIV cases has increased recently, especially among injecting drug users, men who have sex with men, and female sex workers. Furthermore, unsafe blood supplies to hospitals and cross-border migration have worsened the current situation in the country. It is necessary for the Government and policy makers to consider revising the existing HIV/AIDS policy. Comparative content analysis is employed to analyze the National Policy on HIV/AIDS Prevention of Bangladesh (1997) with The Essential Policy Actions for Prevention proposed by UNAIDS (2005) in its policy position paper, `Intensifying HIV Prevention’. Recommendations are made for amendments to the Bangladesh policy after the analysis; the inclusion of religious leaders, people living with HIV/AIDS involved in policy making and programme implementation, and review and reform in some of the current legal frameworks regarding gender equity and stigma.

scholarly journals Performance and modification of EGCRISC among hepatitis C virus high-risk groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. El-Ghitany ◽  
Y. M. Alkassabany ◽  
A. G. Farghaly
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Human Immune Deficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract We have previously shown that the Egyptian Hepatitis C Virus Risk Score (EGCRISC), an Egyptian hepatitis C virus (HCV) risk-based screening tool, to be valid and cost-effective. Certain behaviours, occupations and diseases have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of exposure to HCV infection and constitute a major population reservoir of HCV infection. This study investigated the efficacy of EGCRISC in selected high-risk groups by testing 863 participants from four groups: slaughterhouse workers, illicit drug users (IDUs), female sex workers and human immune deficiency virus (HIV) patients. Data for this study were collected on EGCRISC and another pre-designed risk factor questionnaire. Sera were tested for HCV antibodies by ELISA. EGCRISC, at lower cut-off points, showed significantly good performance (P < 0.05) in all four groups except for females <45 years, but was reliable in detecting HCV cases (sensitivity: 84.21% and negative predictive value: 94.5%). Specific scores for IDUs and HIV patients were developed that showed high accuracy (P < 0.001). A modified EGCRISC for high-risk groups (EGCRISC-HRGs) was shown to be a valid tool that is recommended for use in high-risk populations if no other specific screening tool is available or universal screening is applied. EGCRISC for IDUs (EGCRISC-IDUs) and EGCRISC for HIV patients (EGCRISC-HIV) are useful tools for preselecting potentially HCV-infected cases for further testing in settings where serological analysis is not readily available or accessible.

scholarly journals Performance and comparison of self-reported STI symptoms among high-risk populations – MSM, sex workers, persons living with HIV/AIDS – in El Salvador

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 984-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha S Shah ◽  
Evelyn Kim ◽  
Flor de Maria Hernández Ayala ◽  
Maria Elena Guardado Escobar ◽  
Ana Isabel Nieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Sero-epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Plateau State, Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 860-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenfort Edward Gomwalk ◽  
Lohya Nimzing ◽  
John Danjuma Mawak ◽  
Nimzing G. Ladep ◽  
Stephen B. Dapiap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Men 2 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Sex With Men

Introduction: Previous sentinel surveys of HIV in Nigeria studied pregnant women attending antenatal care, thereby omitting other important high-risk groups. We therefore investigated the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in low- and high-risk populations in the state of Plateau, Nigeria. Methodology: Blood samples were collected by venepuncture from 5,021 adults aged ≥15 years between August and October 2008. At least one major town and one rural community were selected in each Local Government Area (LGA). Samples were initially screened with a rapid HIV testing kit; reactive samples were further tested using Stat Pak.  Discordant samples were confirmed using Genie-II. Results: Of 5,021 subjects screened, 245 (4.88%) were seropositive. Local Government prevalence ranged from 0.68% in Bassa to 16.07% in Jos North. On average, LGAs in the Southern Senatorial Zone had higher rates. Most (over 80%) positive cases were younger than 40 years. Females had a significantly higher (6.85%) prevalence than males (2.72%). Age-specific prevalence was higher among females aged 25 to 29 years (2.09%). Risk factors identified  for acquisition of HIV infection were previous history of STDs (6, 16.28%); men having sex with men (2, 11.76%); having multiple sexual partners (97; 10.49%); intravenous drug use (10, 7.58%); sharing of sharp objects (20, 4.82%); and history of blood transfusion (21, 3.65%). Conclusion: The seemingly higher prevalence recorded in this survey could be attributed to the  inclusion of high- and low-risk groups in the general population, unlike previous reports which studied only antenatal care attendees. This survey provides useful baseline information for further studies.

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