»ENDEMIC COAST GOITRE« IN HOKKAIDO, JAPAN

1965 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoji Suzuki ◽  
Tadashi Higuchi ◽  
Kunio Sawa ◽  
Sachiya Ohtaki ◽  
Yoshihiko Horiuchi
Keyword(s):  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Northern Island ◽  
Iodine Level ◽  
Iodine Metabolism ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Inorganic Iodine ◽  
Usual Diet ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT A survey of goitre was made in the goitrous regions on the coast of Hokkaido, the northern island of Japan. Prevalence of goitre was confirmed in Hidaka coast and Rishiri Island. All goitrous patients were clinically euthyroid. The usual diet of the inhabitants of these districts consisted of a large quantity of iodine-rich seaweeds. Urinary excretion of iodine in five patients exceeded 20 mg per day. Studies of 131I and 127I metabolism were performed both during ingestion and after restriction of seaweed. When the patients were taking their usual diet, the mean thyroidal 131I uptake in 57 patients was 9.6% at 3 hours and 11.7% at 24 hours. In five of seven patients plasma inorganic iodine and thyroidal iodine space were markedly increased. Significant discharge of thyroidal 131I followed administration of thiocyanate. After withdrawal of seaweed from their usual diet, the plasma inorganic iodine was below 2 μg/100 ml but the thyroidal stable iodine uptake was higher than normal, depending on increase in thyroidal 131I clearance rate. No discharge was shown by thiocyanate block. Plasma PBI and thyronine-iodine level and serum T3 resin uptake were within the normal range. Radiochromatography of the thyroid tissue of the goitrous patients showed an increase in MIT/DIT ratio and a decrease in T3 + T4 proportion. No evidence for peripheral defect in DIT-131I deiodination was obtained. In a few patients restriction of seaweed induced a marked decrease in the size of goitre. The major cause of the endemic coast goitre seems to be excessive and longstanding intake of iodine from seaweed, and the similarities of iodine metabolism between the endemic coast goitre and iodide goitre arc discussed.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE PLASMA INORGANIC IODINE CONCENTRATION ON THYROID FUNCTION IN DEHALOGENASE DEFICIENCY

1967 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. McG. Harden ◽  
W. D. Alexander ◽  
S. Papadopoulos ◽  
M. T. Harrison ◽  
S. Macfarlane
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Iodine Metabolism ◽  
Inorganic Iodine ◽  
Circulating Levels

ABSTRACT Iodine metabolism and thyroid function were studied in a patient with hypothyroidism and goitre due to dehalogenase deficiency. Initially the plasma inorganic iodine (PII) level was within the normal range but circulating levels of hormone were low and the thyroid clearance and absolute uptake of iodine (AIU) by the thyroid were high. Administration of iodide supplements resulted in a rapid rise in the plasma thyroxine concentration and restoration of the euthyroid state. Thyroid hormone synthesis appeared to proceed normally when the PII exceeded 1.0 μg/100 ml. This was achieved by increasing the intake of iodide by 612 μg per day. At PII levels around 10 μg/100 ml there was evidence of increased levels of circulating thyroid hormone.

STUDIES OF IODINE METABOLISM IN ICELAND

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Alexander ◽  
Th. Veiger Gudmundsson ◽  
M. M. Bluhm ◽  
R. McG. Harden
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
High Iodine ◽  
Iodine Level ◽  
Iodine Metabolism ◽  
Inorganic Iodine

ABSTRACT The relation between plasma inorganic iodine level, thyroid clearance and absolute iodine uptake of the thyroid gland has been studied in Iceland and compared with results obtained in Glasgow using identical methods. In Iceland the plasma inorganic iodine (PII) is higher than in Glasgow due to the high iodine content of the diet and the thyroid clearance lower. This adjustment is, however, incomplete, relatively high PII levels being associated with a low thyroid clearance and a raised absolute uptake by the thyroid. There was no evidence of increased hormone production as reflected in the serum PBI.

Lack of effect of chronic hypocalcaemia on serum prolactin response to chlorpromazine

1983 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aydan Usman
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Serum Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Stimulation Tests ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prolactin Response ◽  
Low Serum ◽  
Made In

Abstract. The effects of chronic hypocalcaemia on serum basal and chlorpromazine-stimulated prolactin (Prl) levels were studied in 16 patients with idiopathic or secondary hypoparathyroidism. These results were compared with the results of other chlorpromazine stimulation tests which were made in the normocalcaemic state after treatment with vitamin D, and in normal subjects. In hypocalcaemic and normocalcaemic states (mean serum Ca 5.8 ± 0.24 mg/dl and 9.5 ± 0.11 mg/dl, respectively) basal Prl levels were within the normal range and during stimulation the maximal stimilated levels in each state were not significantly different from each other. Also, the mean serum Prl levels obtained from a control group were not different from values in the normocalcaemic state. It is concluded that chronic hypocalcaemia does not inhibit Prl secretion and low serum parathyroid hormone levels do not affect basal and chlorpromazine-stimulated Prl secretion.

NON-TOXIC GOITRE

1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Agerbæk
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Adenomatous Tissue ◽  
Nodular Tissue ◽  
Inorganic Iodine ◽  
Deficient Group

ABSTRACT Among 29 patients operated on for non-toxic goitre 17 had a plasmaiodine concentration and thyroid clearance within the normal range for the region while 12 patients were iodine deficient in comparison to the former group. Extensive investigations of the 29 patients were performed including chromatography of the serum, urine and thyroid-gland digest and measurement of the iodine concentration and content of the goitrous tissue. No qualitative differences were found between the groups, on the contrary, a continuum existed, findings being related to the degree of iodine deficiency. Thus, the group with a low plasma inorganic iodine (PII) showed the largest goitres, lowest thyroid tissue iodine concentration and highest [125I] MIT/DIT and [125I] T3/T4 thyroid-tissue ratio. In the group with a "normal" PII concentration, iodoamino acid distribution in the para-adenomatous tissue was similar to that of "normal" thyroid glands in the present region, whereas nodular tissue compared with the goitrous tissue of the most iodine deficient group. Thus, only quantitative differences were found between the groups, and it is concluded that the goitres of both groups were due to iodine deficiency.

THYROID HORMONE FORMATION IN ECTOPIC THYROID GLAND

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Matsumoto ◽  
Etsuro Ogata ◽  
Michiko Yamamoto ◽  
Yuji Aiyoshi ◽  
Shigenobu Nagataki
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Ectopic Thyroid ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hormone Formation ◽  
Serum Tsh

ABSTRACT Several steps of thyroid hormogenesis were studied on a subhyoid ectopic thyroid tissue in a case of compensated hypothyroidism with simultaneous sublingual and subhyoid ectopic thyroid. The patient, a 19-year-old girl, had normal values for serum T4, T3U and T3, and an elevated serum TSH level. The thyroidal 131I uptake was elevated both at 3 h and 24 h after oral 131I intake. No significant discharge of radioiodine was observed after perchlorate load. On the thyroid biopsy specimen, peroxidase activity was shown to be normal by both assays of guaiacol oxidizing and iodinating activity. Thyroglobulin was 19S and was normally iodinated in vitro with peroxidase. Iodine content of thyroglobulin was within the normal range. The mean percentage distribution of 131I administered 7 days prior to the biopsy showed no significant difference from the normal pattern. From these studies, no specific defects in thyroid hormogenesis could be detected in this case. It is suggested that abnormalities in thyroid function in this case are mainly due to insufficient functioning mass in the ectopic thyroid.

ZUR HISTOTOPOGRAPHIE DES JODSTOFFWECHSELS IN ENDEMISCHEN STRUMEN UND IN GESUNDEN SCHILDDRÜSEN

1968 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Riccabona ◽  
P. Hess ◽  
P. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Goiter ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
High Iodine ◽  
Iodine Metabolism ◽  
Vascular Obstruction ◽  
Severe Disturbance ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT 55 patients from endemic goiter areas in western Austria were studied. 47 of them were goitrous, 8 had normal thyroids and served as controls. After the thyroidal iodine kinetics were followed with 125I, thyroid tissue was obtained by excision and examined with chemical methods and autoradiography. The results give further evidence for the existence of 2 thyroidal iodine pools in goiters, while no similar conclusion could be made in the controls. The distribution of radioactivity in goiters was very unhomogenous. Our findings allowed a classification of euthyroid goiters in cases with low thyroidal iodine concentration (44 ± 11.7 μgI/g) and in iodine rich glands (156 ± 40.0 μgI/g). Both groups showed a rapid iodine turnover, normal uptake and a microfollicular structure on sections. In goiters with a high iodine concentration only a few follicles were active, the MIT/DIT-ratio was below 1. Low iodine goiters had more labelled follicles, a high MIT/DIT-ratio and there was an unexpected positive correlation between daily urinary I-excretion and radio-iodine – uptake values, which is explained by the assumption that the iodine metabolism of these patients was not in equilibrium. The lack of epithelial activity in major parts of goitrous thyroids is understood as a severe disturbance in the adaptation to a proven iodine deficiency and is partly made responsible for the development of a moderate thyroid enlargement in endemic goiter zones into large goiters with tracheal and vascular obstruction. This partial inactivity of goitrous parenchyma is suggestive of regressive changes on the molecular level in endemic goiters.

Immunologic Assessment of Patients Treated with Bovine Fibrin as a Hemostatic Agent

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (06) ◽  
pp. 0925-0931 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F Carroll ◽  
Keith A Moskowitz ◽  
Niloo M Edwards ◽  
Thomas J Hickey ◽  
Eric A Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Bovine Thrombin ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinically Significant

SummaryTwenty-one cardiothoracic surgical patients have been treated with fibrin as a topical hemostatic/sealing agent, prepared from bovine fibrinogen clotted with bovine thrombin. Serum samples have been collected before treatment with fibrin and postoperatively between 1 and 9 days, 3 and 12 weeks, and 6 and 8 months. The titers of anti-bovine fibrinogen antibodies, measured by ELISA specific for immunoglobulins IgG or IgM, increased to maximal values after about 8 or 6 weeks, respectively. After 8 months, IgG titers were on average 20-fold lower than the mean maximal value, while IgM titers returned to the normal range. IgG was the predominant anti-bovine fibrinogen immunoglobulin as documented by ELISA, affinity chromatography and electrophoresis. Anti-bovine fibrinogen antibodies present in patients reacted readily with bovine fibrinogen, but did not cross-react with human fibrinogen as measured by ELISA or by immunoelectrophoresis. A significant amount of antibodies against bovine thrombin and factor V has been found, many cross-reacting with the human counterparts. No hemorrhagic or thrombotic complications, or clinically significant allergic reactions, occurred in any patient, in spite of antibody presence against some bovine and human coagulation factors. The treatment of patients with bovine fibrin, without induction of immunologic response against human fibrinogen, appeared to be an effective topical hemostatic/sealing measure.

Influence of Acute Myocardial Infarction and rt-PA Therapy on Circulating Fibrinogen

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (04) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Seifried ◽  
M Oethinger ◽  
P Tanswell ◽  
E Hoegee-de Nobel ◽  
W Nieuwenhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Thrombolytic Agent ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Fibrinogen Degradation Products ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
Rebound Phenomenon ◽  
The Mean

SummaryIn 12 patients treated with 100 mg rt-PA/3 h for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), serial fibrinogen levels were measured with the Clauss clotting rate assay (“functional fibrinogen”) and with a new enzyme immunoassay for immunologically intact fibrinogen (“intact fibrinogen”). Levels of functional and “intact fibrinogen” were strikingly different: functional levels were higher at baseline; showed a more pronounced breakdown during rt-PA therapy; and a rebound phenomenon which was not seen for “intact fibrinogen”. The ratio of functional to “intact fibrinogen” was calculated for each individual patient and each time point. The mean ratio (n = 12) was 1.6 at baseline, 1.0 at 90 min, and increased markedly between 8 and 24 h to a maximum of 2.1 (p <0.01), indicating that functionality of circulating fibrinogen changes during AMI and subsequent thrombolytic therapy. The increased ratio of functional to “intact fibrinogen” seems to reflect a more functional fibrinogen at baseline and following rt-PA infusion. This is in keeping with data that the relative amount of fast clotting “intact HMW fibrinogen” of total fibrinogen is increased in initial phase of AMI. The data suggest that about 20% of HMW fibrinogen are converted to partly degraded fibrinogen during rt-PA infusion. The rebound phenomenon exhibited by functional fibrinogen may result from newly synthesized fibrinogen with a high proportion of HMW fibrinogen with its known higher degree of phosphorylation. Fibrinogen- and fibrin degradation products were within normal range at baseline. Upon infusion of the thrombolytic agent, maximum median levels of 5.88 μg/ml and 5.28 μg/ml, respectively, were measured at 90 min. Maximum plasma fibrinogen degradation products represented only 4% of lost “intact fibrinogen”, but they correlatedstrongly and linearly with the extent of “intact fibrinogen” degradation (r = 0.82, p <0.01). In contrast, no correlation was seen between breakdown of “intact fibrinogen” and corresponding levels of fibrin degradation products. We conclude from our data that the ratio of functional to immunologically “intact fibrinogen” may serve as an important index for functionality of fibrinogen and select patients at high risk for early reocclusion. Only a small proportion of degraded functional and “intact fibrinogen”, respectively, is recovered as fibrinogen degradation products. There seems to be a strong correlation between the degree of elevation of fibrinogen degradation products and the intensity of the systemic lytic state, i.e. fibrinogen degradation.

Kaolin-Activated Euglobulin Lysis Time (KELT)

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Greig
Keyword(s):  
No Value ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Plasminogen Activation ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Euglobulin Lysis Time ◽  
The Mean

The most commonly used test for clinical assessment of fibrinolytic activity is the Euglobulin Lysis Time (ELT). However the normal range is very wide, the long times are inconvenient and detection of inhibition is impossible. An attempt has been made to utilise the acceleration of the ELT when kaolin is present, to devise a test with shorter times, a narrower normal range, and better precision. The Euglobulin lysis time was carried out by a modification of the method of NILSSON and OLOW, after precipitation of the euglobulin in the absence of kaolin (ELT) and in the presence of 1 mg. kaolin/ml. plasma (KELT). In 14 control subjects the mean, SD, and range for the ELT were 168.6’, 54.6’, 84-290’; the corresponding values for the KELT were 60.3’, 8.3’ and 46-74’. However, it was found that there was no correlation between the ELT value and the corresponding KELT (’r’ = -0.021); on the contrary, the longer the ELT, the greater the shortening produced by kaolin and there is a direct correlation between the ELT and the shortening of the lysis time by kaolin; ’r’ = 0.988. It is concluded that the KELT has no value as a clinical measure of fibrinolytic activity; further, the results suggest that kaolin may remove an inhibitor(s) of plasminogen activation as well as initiating Factor XII - mediated plasminogen activation.

FUNCTIONAL HETEROGENEITY OF THE THYROID AND POSSIBLE PRESENCE OF IODOTYROSINE-LIKE COMPOUNDS IN NORMAL SERUM

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wiener
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Schematic Model ◽  
Functional Heterogeneity ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Iodine Metabolism ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Isotope Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Experiment

ABSTRACT After the administration of 131I to normal animals or human subjects, labelled thyroxine and triiodothyronine, but at most traces of labelled iodotyrosines can be detected in the serum. However, several investigators using various methods claim to have found considerable amounts of one or both of these iodotyrosines when assaying the stable (non-radioactive) iodinated compounds in the serum. Considering the available evidence as convincing for the present, an attempt has been made to explain this discrepancy. A schematic model of the thyroidal iodine metabolism is proposed, based on (a) the hypothesis that the iodotyrosines are present in the circulation in a »masked« form (i. e. protected against deiodination), and (b) the known functional heterogeneity of the thyroid tissue. This heterogeneity should be of a qualitative as well as quantitative nature. As the physical decay rate of 131I is short in comparison with the turnover rate of the masked iodotyrosine pool, an isotope equilibrium experiment with rats was carried out, using the long-lived isotope 125I. The results of this experiment, viewed together with those of a similar investigation published by others, seem to lend support to the proposed mechanism. The presence of non-negligible amounts of a diiodotyrosine-like compound in normal rat serum seems fairly well established.

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