THE EFFECT OF VASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN ON THE FUNCTION OF PITUITARY AUTOGRAFTS IN RATS

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney J. Stolzenberg ◽  
Lloyd C. Faulkner ◽  
William Hansel
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Kidney Capsule ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Secretory Pattern ◽  
Thyroid Histology

ABSTRACT Mature cycling female rats received pituitary autografts beneath the kidney capsule or were hypophysectomized only. Intraperitoneal injections of vasopressin at the level of 3 or 4 IU twice daily into rats with autografts caused an increase in adrenal weights after 45 (P < 0.01) and 70 (P < 0.01) days of treatment. There was an increase in the width of the combined zona fasciculata and reticularis observed after 70 days (P < 0.01). These results were accompanied by a decrease in ovarian weight after 45 (P < 0.01) and 70 (P < 0.01) days of vasopressin treatment. The decrease in ovarian weight was due to histologic regression of corpora lutea. Similar injections of vasopressin into hypophysectomized rats for 45 days were without effect on the ovaries or adrenals. Intraperitoneal injections of 3 or 4 IU oxytocin twice daily for 45 days in rats bearing pituitary autografts had no effect on adrenal weight or histology and caused a non-significant decrease in ovarian weight but had no effect on ovarian histology. However, after 70 days of treatment with oxytocin, there was an increase in adrenal weight (P < 0.01) which could not be attributed to an effect on the zona fasciculata-reticularis. There was a decrease in ovarian weight (P < 0.01), similarly attributable to a regression of the corpora lutea. None of the treatments affected uterine weight or histology or thyroid histology in either rats with pituitary autografts or in animals that were simply hypophysectomized. None of the treatments had any obvious effect on the cytologic appearance of the pituitary graft. It is suggested that effective treatments modified the secretory pattern of pituitary grafts.

EFFECTS OF OESTRADIOL BENZOATE ON CORPORA LUTEA IN RATS BEARING PITUITARY AUTOGRAFTS

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney J. Stolzenberg ◽  
Robert G. Eggert ◽  
Wayne H. Linkenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

ABSTRACT Female rats received pituitary autotransplants beneath the kidney capsule at 11 to 12 weeks of age or were hypophysectomized only at the metoestrous stage of the cycle. Subcutaneous injections of oestradiol benzoate (OB) were started 30 to 40 days following surgery in the first 3 experiments. In Experiments 1 and 2, Series 1 injections consisted of 50, 50 and 25 μg of OB given subcutaneously on days 0, 3 and 5. Series 2 injections were the same as Series 1 but given on days 16, 19 and 21. Pituitary grafts were removed from half of the rats on day 15 in Experiment 1. Ovarian weights were obtained on day 28. In Experiment 3, the dose of OB was raised to 100 μg per injection giving a total of 300 μg for each series. In Experiment 4, hypophysectomized rats without pituitary autotransplants were given Series 1 and 2 OB injections at the level of 125 μg per series. In Experiment 5, subcutaneous injections of OB were started 5 to 7 days following pituitary autotransplant. Rats were injected daily with 50 μg for 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 days, with autopsies following 4 or 5 days after the last injection. In Experiment 6, 50 μg was injected daily in hypophysectomized rats without pituitary transplants for 5 and 20 days. The immediate effect of OB injections into rats bearing pituitary autografts was a significant (P < 0.01) increase in ovarian weight. Long term treatment (> 40 days) caused a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in ovarian weight. Short term treatment followed by a 23 or 35 day period of no treatment gave an even greater decrease in ovarian weight (P < 0.01). Hypophysectomized rats showed no effect on ovarian weights with similar OB treatments, indicating the importance of the pituitary gland in this response. Removal of the autotransplanted pituitary gland 10 days after the first series was completed, had no apparent effect on regression of the corpora lutea. There was no effect on adrenal weight in any of the experiments. It is suggested that oestrogens initiate a process which ultimately results in luteal regression in rats bearing pituitary autografts.

Ovarian response to gonadotrophins after pretreatment with diethylstilbestrol

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (6) ◽  
pp. 1023-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Smith ◽  
J. T. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Follicular Stimulation ◽  
Prior Administration ◽  
Intact Rats

Hypophysectomized or intact immature female rats were given follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMS), human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), or luteinizing hormone (LH) for 3 days, with or without prior administration of diethylstilbestrol for 2 days. Priming with estrogen augmented the ovarian weight response produced by FSH or PMS in both hypophysectomized and intact animals. In contrast, estrogen pretreatment enhanced ovarian growth in intact rats given HCG or LH, but not in hypophysectomized animals similarly treated. Longer periods of priming also failed to augment the ovarian response to HCG in hypophysectomized rats. The ovaries of intact rats given diethylstilbestrol and FSH contained many corpora lutea, whereas luteinization was never noted in hypophysectomized animals similarly treated. Ovarian weight augmentation in the latter was due to enhanced follicular growth throughout the ovary. Estrogen and HCG produced cystic, luteinized follicles in intact rats, in contrast to the lack of such follicular stimulation in hypophysectomized animals. It is concluded that estrogen increases the ovarian response to gonadotrophins by 1) directly stimulating granulosal proliferation, and 2) effecting the release of endogenous gonadotrophins from the pituitary gland.

THE EFFECT OF PROMETHAZINE AND CLOMIPHENE ON GONADOTROPHIN SECRETION IN THE RAT

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. KOCH ◽  
S. DIKSTEIN ◽  
E. SUPERSTINE ◽  
F. G. SULMAN
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Releasing Factors ◽  
Higher Doses

SUMMARY Promethazine and promethazine sulphoxide selectively inhibited gonadotrophin secretion in female rats. The effects obtained were: decrease in ovarian weight, reduction in the number of follicles and corpora lutea in the ovary, prolongation of the oestrous cycle and reduced amounts of gonadotrophin-releasing factors in the hypothalamus. Very small doses of clomiphene citrate (1–100 ng/kg) increased gonadotrophin secretion in female rats, as shown by an increase in ovarian weight, increase in the number of corpora lutea, shortening of the oestrous cycle and increased amounts of gonadotrophin-releasing factors in the hypothalamus. Higher doses of clomiphene citrate (1 μg—2 mg/kg) produced the well-known inhibition of gonadotrophin secretion. The possible mechanism of action of these drugs is discussed.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF ERGOCORNINE METHANESULPHONATE ON THE LUTEOTROPHIC FUNCTION OF THE RAT PITUITARY GLAND

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Zeilmaker ◽  
R. A. Carlsen
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Decidual Tissue ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Rat Pituitary ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Temporary Inhibition

ABSTRACT The effects of a single administration of 1 mg ergocornine methane-sulphonate to female rats with functional corpora lutea have been studied. It was shown that: 1) Injection of ergocornine into hypophysectomized rats bearing an autotransplanted pituitary brought about morphological changes in the corpora lutea; 2) In intact rats bearing two isologous pituitaries a prolonged period of leucocytic vaginal smear was found following an ergocornine-induced oestrus, indicating that the secretion of luteotrophic hormone was resumed after drug treatment; 3) Administration of ergocornine to lactating rats temporarily inhibited milk production, the effect being prevented by treatment with luteotrophic hormone. These studies indicate that the effects of ergocornine administration to intact female rats such as failure to develop decidual tissue as a response to uterine traumatization and the interruption of the leucocytic vaginal smear by oestrus, are the result of a temporary inhibition of the secretion of luteotrophic hormone by the pituitary. This brings about irreversible changes in the corpus luteum. The subsequent progesterone deficiency is responsible for the failure of the decidual tissue to develop and for the onset of oestrus three days after the administration of the drug.

Reduction of 5-day cycle length of female rats by treatment with bromocriptine

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. van der Schoot ◽  
J. Th. J. Uilenbroek
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Length ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Normal Numbers ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Follicular Maturation ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Pattern Characteristic ◽  
High Concentrations

Rats with 5-day ovarian cycles were injected daily with 1 mg bromocriptine. This treatment resulted in a change of cycle length from 5 to 4 days and a rapid increase in ovarian weight. The increase in ovarian weight resulted from the accumulation of large numbers of corpora lutea. Normal numbers of corpora lutea were formed during each cycle but luteal bodies did not disappear subsequently. Luteolysis affected only minor foci of luteal tissue and the majority of luteal tissue remained histologically intact throughout the further period of study. The reduction of cycle length from 5 to 4 days occurred when bromocriptine was administered from the day of ovulation only. If treatment was commenced at a later time during the cycle it was not effective. Treatment with bromocriptine appeared to affect the concentrations of progesterone in the blood during dioestrus. During treatment the rats showed the pattern characteristic for 4-day cycles: typically, the high concentrations of progesterone on the day after metoestrus remained absent. These data suggest (1) that the latter part of the production of progesterone during dioestrus by 'non-functional corpora lutea' is dependent on prolactin and (2) that prolongation of high progesterone production after metoestrus plays an important role in changing the length of the cycle from 4 to 5 days. Treatment with bromocriptine did not significantly affect the rate of maturation of follicles destined for the next ovulation. It is possible that follicular maturation is not among the critical variables which determine whether normal ovulatory cycles will last for 4 or 5 days.

THE REACTION OF THE OVARIES AND ADRENAL GLANDS OF FEMALE RATS TO OVARIAN AND MUSCLE HOMOGRAFTS

1951 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANITA M. MANDL ◽  
S. ZUCKERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Adult Rat

The ovaries and adrenal glands of an adult rat hypertrophy after either ovarian or muscle tissue is homografted into the animal. The ovarian weight/body weight and adrenal weight/body weight ratios become significantly higher than those of normal adult female rats derived from the same colony. Anaesthesia also appears to lead to a transitory increase in the weight of the adrenals. The possibility that the ovaries respond to certain non-specific conditions, in the same general way as do the adrenal glands, is discussed.

Observations on the effects of prolactin on LH-receptors and steroidogenesis in corpus luteum and testis of the hypophysectomized rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. C. van Straalen ◽  
G. H. Zeilmaker
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

Abstract. In this study the effects of hypophysectomy and autotransplantation of the pituitary gland on the concentration of hCG-binding sites (LH-receptors) and steroidogenesis in the corpus luteum and the testis of the rat were investigated. It was found that during pseudopregnancy both hCG-binding to homogenates of isolated corpora lutea and the progesterone levels in blood increase until day 7 and subsequently decrease until day 13. Hypophysectomy on day 5 led to a decrease of the number of LH-receptors and the serum progesterone level. By contrast hypophysectomy followed by autotransplantation of the pituitary gland increased the LH-receptor concentration and progesterone synthesis in spite of non-detectable LH-levels. Progesterone implants in hypophysectomized rats did not influence the number of LH-receptors. Hypophysectomy on day 0 without pituitary gland transplantation did not prevent the formation of some luteal LH-receptors measured on day 5 although progesterone was not secreted. A similar effect of prolactin secreted by pituitary autografts on LH-receptors was seen in the testis. The rapid decline of the number of binding sites normally observed after hypophysectomy was prevented by the presence of two pituitary autografts. Testosterone and LH-levels were non-detectable in the operated male rats. These data show that progesterone secretion by the corpora lutea is always associated with the presence of LH-receptors, regardless whether serum LH-levels are detectable or not. Moreover it appears that prolactin maintains or even increases the amount of LH-receptors in hypophysectomized male and female rats.

SENSITIVITY OF THE RAT DIAPHRAGM TO GROWTH HORMONE.

1967 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Å. Hjalmarson ◽  
K. Ahrén
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Intracellular Accumulation ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Kidney Capsule ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Isolated Rat

ABSTRACT The effect of growth hormone (GH) in vitro on the rate of intracellular accumulation of the non-utilizable amino acid α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) was studied in the intact rat diaphragm preparation. Bovine or ovine GH (25 μg/ml incubation medium) markedly stimulated the accumulation of AIB-14C by diaphragms from hypophysectomized rats, while there was no or only a very slight effect on diaphragms from normal rats. In diaphragms from rats with the pituitary gland autotransplanted to the kidney capsule GH in vitro stimulated the accumulation of AIB-14C significantly more than in diaphragms from normal rats but significantly less than in diaphragms from hypophysectomized rats. Injections of GH intramuscularly for 4 days to hypophysectomized rats made the diaphragms from these rats less sensitive or completely insensitive to GH in vitro. These results indicate strongly that the relative insensitivity to GH in vitro of diaphragms from normal rats is due to the fact that the muscle tissues from these rats has been exposed to the endogenously secreted GH. The results show that GH can influence the accumulation of AIB-14C in the isolated rat diaphragm in two different ways giving an acute or »stimulatory« effect and a late or »inhibitory« effect, and that it seems to be a time-relationship between these two effects of the hormone.

CORTICOSTEROID-UMSATZ UND CORTICOSTEROID-PRODUKTION BEI RATTEN UNTER DER BEHANDLUNG MIT ANABOLEN STEROIDEN

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Schriefers ◽  
Gerlinde Scharlau ◽  
Franzis Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Hydrogenase Activity ◽  
Anabolic Effect ◽  
Liver Slices

ABSTRACT After the administration of anabolic steroids to adult female rats in daily doses of 1 mg per animal for 14 days, the following parameters were investigated: the rate of the Δ4-5α-hydrogenase-catalyzed cortisone reduction in liver slices and microsomal fractions, the adrenal weight and the in vitro corticosterone production rate. Among the steroids tested, only 17α-methyl-testosterone and 17α-ethyl-19-nor-testosterone were effective in lowering significantly cortisone reduction rate by liver slices with concomitant decreases in microsomal Δ4-5α-hydrogenase-activity. Testosterone, 19-nor-testosterone, 17α-ethinyl-19-nor-testosterone, 17α-methyl-17β-hydroxy-androsta-1,4-dien-3-one and 1-methyl-17β-hydroxy-androst-1-en-3-one were ineffective or only slightly effective. Adrenal weight and absolute corticosterone production rate (μg/60 min per animal) were decreased after treatment with 17α-methyl-testosterone, 17α-ethyl-19-nor-testosterone and 1-methyl-17β-hydroxy-androst-1-en-3-one. Corticosterone production was decreased with 17α-ethinyl-19-nor-testosterone in spite of an unchanged adrenal weight. The relative corticosterone production rate (μg/60 min · 100 mg adrenal) was in any cases unaffected. According to these results there exists – with the exception of 17α-ethinyl-19-nor-testosterone – a strict parallelism between corticosteroid turnover and corticosterone production rate: unchanged turnover is correlated with unchanged corticosterone production rate, while a decreased turnover is correlated with decreased adrenal activity. The protein-anabolic effect of certain anabolic steroids may be partly due to an anti-catabolic action of these compounds resulting from a decreased corticosteroid inactivation and production rate. Possible mechanisms by which anabolic steroids may affect corticosteroid-balance are discussed.

Effect of Exposure to Mixture of Heavy Metals Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead on Reproductive Function and Oxidative Stress in Female Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Choudhuri D. ◽  
Bhattacharjee T.
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Oestrus Cycle ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
Live Fetus

Background : Toxicological consequences arising from exposure to mixtures of heavy metals especially at low, chronic and environmentally relevant doses are poorly recognised. In the present study, we evaluated effects of chronic exposure to combinations of three metals arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) present frequently in drinking water on reproductive function and oxidative damage caused to reproductive organs of female rats. Method : Female rats were exposed to mixture of metals (As, Cdand Pb) for 90 consecutive days. The gain in body weight and weight of reproductive organs were recorded following autopsy on 91 stday. The oestrus cycle were monitored during entire treatment period. Numbers of corpora lutea, implantation sites, live fetus and survival of the fetus were evaluated in rats mated successfully with untreated male after completion of their respective treatment. Ovarian cholesterol, protein, ascorbic acid and enzyme Δ 5 -3β HSD levels were estimated. Serum levels of steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone were estimated. Histopathological picture of both ovary and uterus were assessed. Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidise (GPX) activity, amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondyaldehyde (MDA) in blood, ovary and uterus were measured as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Results : The treated rats showed reduced body weight gain and reduction in the weight of ovary and uterus. Oestrus cycle was disrupted with continuous diestrous in treated animals. Number of corpora lutea, implantation sites and live fetus and the survival of fetus evaluate were reduced significantly in treated groups. The levels of ovarian cholesterol and ascorbic acid increased in treated rats with decrease Δ5 -3β HSD level. There was reduction in serum level of both the ovarian steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone. The protein levels did not differ between the groups. There was a significant increase in levels of MDA and decrease in levels of all the antioxidant enzymes in treated group. Conclusion : The results revealed there was disruption to reproductive functions with decrease in stereoidogenic activity and associated oxidative stress in female rats treated with combination of mixture of metals (Cd, As and Pb) at low dose for 90 consecutive days.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document