HAND VOLUME AND SKIN THICKNESS IN A NORMAL POPULATION AND IN ACROMEGALY

Abstract We used a computer-based method to help validate the reference ranges of assays for triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4). A retrospective search of a database of laboratory results for the previous six months identified all patients with apparent euthyroid status, as defined by methods independent of the immunoassay under review. A computer-generated reference group (CGR Group) of 2001 records had a gaussian distribution of T4 values and a reference range (mean +/- 2 SD) of 56-161 nmol/L, compared with the supplier's suggested range for euthyroid subjects (58-148 nmol/L) and an in-house range of 60-144 nmol/L for a group of 97 normal subjects. A similar CGR Group of 1902 records gave a reference range for T3 of 0.7-2.1 nmol/L (manufacturer's range 0.8-2.8; normal subjects 0.8-2.2). An attempt to devise a reference range for thyrotropin failed when we found that its concentration in the population of patients with normal values for thyroid hormones was distributed differently from that in the normal population. The method is intended to be used in addition to conventionally derived ranges based on results for healthy subjects. It allows the laboratory to conveniently verify the reference ranges for T3 and T4 assays at regular intervals by using very large samples with appropriate age, sex, and weight distribution, drawn from the population of patients' samples submitted for analysis.

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SKIN-FOLD THICKNESS IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND IN PATIENTS WITH ACROMEGALY AND CUSHING'S SYNDROME

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0600705 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 705-711 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

A. D. Wright ◽

G. F. Joplin

Keyword(s):

Cushing’S Syndrome ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Cushing's Syndrome ◽

Normal Range ◽

Clinical Method ◽

Skin Fold Thickness ◽

Skin Fold ◽

Normal Mean ◽

The Mean ◽

Age And Sex

ABSTRACT A simple clinical method of determining the skin-fold thickness on the dorsum of the hand has been described using the Harpendon spring-loaded caliper. A normal range for age and sex has been established in 258 normal subjects. The mean skin-fold thickness was greater in men than in women, and in both decreased with age, falling from 2.85 to 1.75 mm in men, and from 2.65 to 1.60 mm in women (aged 15–20 to 70–80). In 48 acromegalic patients, 71 % of the skin-fold measurements were abnormally thick. In 12 patients with Cushing's syndrome, although all measurements were below the normal mean, 42 % only were abnormally thin.

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Simplified radioimmunoassay of bradykinin in human plasma.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/26.3.0429 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 429-432

Author(s):

P S Verma ◽

P E Lorenz ◽

G E Sander

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mass ◽

Human Plasma ◽

Normal Values ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Single Step ◽

Relative Molecular Mass ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Analytical Recovery ◽

Assay Tube ◽

The Mean

Abstract A greatly simplified radioimmunoassay for bradykinin in human plasma is described. Current techniques require multiple chromatographic steps or extraction procedures with analytical recoveries of bradykinin of often less than 60%. We present a method in which bradykinin is separated from components of higher relative molecular mass (including kininogens) in a single step, by use of a column of Sephadex G-25 medium (PD-10). The mean analytical recovery of tritiated bradykinin added to plasma is 85.5% (SD, 3.5%). The sensitivity of this radioimmunoassay is 25 pg per assay tube, equivalent to 125 ng per liter of plasma. Twenty to 30 blood samples may be completely processed and assayed within 6 h. As determined with this technique, concentrations of bradykinin in plasma from apparently normal subjects ranged from 2.5 to 5.2 microgram/L (mean 4.2, SD 1.1 microgram/L); these values are consistent with previously reported normal values.

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Concentrations of total and free dehydroepiandrosterone in plasma and dehydroepiandrosterone in saliva of normal and hirsute women under basal conditions and during administration of dexamethasone/synthetic corticotropin

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/36.12.2042 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 36 (12) ◽

pp. 2042-2046 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

L M Swinkels ◽

H A Ross ◽

A G Smals ◽

T J Benraad

Keyword(s):

Chromatographic Separation ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

Normal Values ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Follicular Phase ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Dynamic Tests ◽

Combined Administration ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean

Abstract Using a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay involving extraction with diethyl ether and chromatographic separation of steroids, we measured concentrations of salivary and plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in 22 women with normal ovulatory cycles (ages 18-45 years). Salivary DHEA values closely correlated with total and free DHEA in plasma. In the follicular phase the mean concentrations of salivary and plasma free DHEA were virtually equal [mean (SD): 0.61 (0.32) and 0.56 (0.34) nmol/L, respectively]. In the luteal phase, salivary DHEA slightly exceeded the plasma free DHEA [0.68 (0.40) vs 0.56 (0.38) nmol/L, P less than 0.01]. Also, during combined dexamethasone/synthetic corticotropin administration in 25 patients with androgenizing disorders and in 10 normal subjects (each in the follicular and luteal phases), the concentration of DHEA in saliva strongly correlated with total and free DHEA in plasma. During these dynamic tests, the mean concentrations of free DHEA in plasma and salivary DHEA in the hirsute women were significantly higher than the mean concentrations in the control women at all times before and after corticotropin infusion (P less than 0.05- less than 0.0001). In contrast, plasma total DHEA in patients exceeded nonhirsute values only at 15 min after corticotropin administration. In six of 25 patients total DHEA during combined administration of dexamethasone/synthetic corticotropin exceeded normal values by at least 2 SD. The response of salivary and free DHEA to synthetic corticotropin in this subgroup was also excessive.

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Significance of Blood Cadmium Concentrations in Patients with Renal Disorders or Essential Hypertension and the Normal Population

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/000456327801500142 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 15 (1-6) ◽

pp. 197-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Roberta J. Ward ◽

Monica Fisher ◽

Marisol Tellez-Yudilevich

Keyword(s):

Essential Hypertension ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Normal Population ◽

Cadmium Concentration ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Mean Value ◽

Renal Disorders ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Blood Cadmium ◽

The Mean

Summary Cadmium concentrations in whole blood have been determined in normal control subjects, in patients with untreated essential hypertension or with treated essential hypertension, and in those with acute or chronic renal disorders. High cadmium concentrations were not found in the patients with untreated essential hypertension. Most tobacco smokers were found to have high blood cadmium concentrations. When the mean cadmium concentrations from each group of patients were compared with those of the control subjects no significant differences were found. When the four groups were divided into smokers and non-smokers, however, a significantly higher mean value was found for the non-smoking renal patients in comparison with the non-smoking normal subjects. The marked increases in blood cadmium concentration in the patients with renal disorders may be attributed to impaired excretion.

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Simplified radioimmunoassay of bradykinin in human plasma.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/26.3.429 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 429-432 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P S Verma ◽

P E Lorenz ◽

G E Sander

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mass ◽

Human Plasma ◽

Normal Values ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Single Step ◽

Relative Molecular Mass ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Analytical Recovery ◽

Assay Tube ◽

The Mean

Abstract A greatly simplified radioimmunoassay for bradykinin in human plasma is described. Current techniques require multiple chromatographic steps or extraction procedures with analytical recoveries of bradykinin of often less than 60%. We present a method in which bradykinin is separated from components of higher relative molecular mass (including kininogens) in a single step, by use of a column of Sephadex G-25 medium (PD-10). The mean analytical recovery of tritiated bradykinin added to plasma is 85.5% (SD, 3.5%). The sensitivity of this radioimmunoassay is 25 pg per assay tube, equivalent to 125 ng per liter of plasma. Twenty to 30 blood samples may be completely processed and assayed within 6 h. As determined with this technique, concentrations of bradykinin in plasma from apparently normal subjects ranged from 2.5 to 5.2 microgram/L (mean 4.2, SD 1.1 microgram/L); these values are consistent with previously reported normal values.

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Comparison of Intelligence Quotient of Schizophrenic Patients with those of Normal Population

Nepal Medical College Journal ◽

10.3126/nmcj.v21i4.27613 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 254-257

Author(s):

JB Khatri ◽

BK Goit ◽

A Subedi

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

General Population ◽

Intelligence Quotient ◽

Normal Population ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

The Mean

An intelligence deficit in schizophrenia is common and is associated with relapse and occupational impairment. The study aims to examine the intelligence quotient of schizophrenic patients and to compare with those of general population. This was a case control study where 30 adult schizophrenic patients between 15 to 45 years were enrolled from the inpatient and outpatient Psychiatry Department of Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal. For control group, 30 normal subjects were enrolled from the general population matched with case group. The intelligence quotients were assessed by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The prevalence of intelligence deficit was 76.7% in the schizophrenic patients. The mean intelligence quotient was 84.80 with standard deviation of 6.53 in patients with schizophrenia. The intelligence quotient was average or above average in all the general populations. The mean intelligence quotient was 110.63 with standard deviation of 8.74 in the general population. The study concluded that the schizophrenic patients performed poorer in intelligence quotient than the general population

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ANALYSIS OF UPPER AND LOWER THORACIC KYPHOSIS IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS

Hirurgiâ pozvonočnika ◽

10.14531/ss2006.3.49-51 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 049-051

Author(s):

Remzi Arif Özerdemoglu ◽

Ufuk Aydinli ◽

Cagatay Ozturk ◽

Salim Ersozlu ◽

Aytun Temiz

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Thoracic Kyphosis ◽

Normal Values ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean ◽

Upper Thoracic ◽

Cobb Method ◽

Age And Sex ◽

Radiological Analysis

The aim of this prospective radiological analysis is to determine the normal values of the kyphosis of the upper and lower thoracic segments, and to analyze their variation with age and sex, as well as to investigate if there is any interaction between them. The study includes 157 healthy individuals without any complaints related to their spine, and a thoracic kyphosis of not more than 50 degrees. Subjects were evaluated by medical history, physical examination, and standing spinal roentgenograms. Age and sex of the patient, together with the degree of upper (T2–T6), lower (T6–T12) and the total (T2–T12) thoracic kyphosis – measured by the Cobb method – were the parameters used for statistical analysis. There were 49 males and 108 females with the mean age of 42 ± 16 years (range, 11–76). Mean values of the upper, lower, and total thoracic kyphosis were found to be 13° ± 6° (range, 2–30°), 21° ± 8° (range, 4–43°), and 34° ± 9° (range, 11–50°), respectively. An older age correlated to a higher degree of kyphosis in the lower thoracic segment (p = 0.007), without an increase in the upper thoracic kyphosis. There was also a negative correlation between the degree of the upper and lower thoracic kyphosis (p = 0.015).

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Circadian patterns of serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF) II and IGF binding protein 3 in growth hormone-deficient patients and age- and sex-matched normal subjects

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1230257 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 123 (3) ◽

pp. 257-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Jens Otto L. Jørgensen ◽

Werner F. Blum ◽

Niels Møller ◽

Michael B. Ranke ◽

Jens S. Christiansen

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Igf Binding ◽

The Mean ◽

Igf Binding Protein ◽

Circadian Patterns ◽

Age And Sex ◽

Igfbp 3

Abstract. Knowledge of the circadian patterns of serum IGF-I I and the large molecular weight IGF binding protein, IGFBP-3 might, apart from its physiological relevance, be of clinical interest, inasmuch as measurements of these parameters are being introduced into the evaluation of GH deficiency. We therefore evaluated the 24-h (08.00-08.00 h) patterns of serum IGF-II and IGFBP-3 in 8 GH-deficient patients who were studied during three periods when receiving 1. GH (2 IU) at 20.00 h; 2. GH (2 IU) at 08.00 h and 3. no GH. For comparison, 10 age- and sex-matched untreated healthy subjects were studied once under similar conditions. The serum IGF-II levels of the patients were relatively stable over the 24-h periods, yielding mean levels which were significantly lower during no GH: 553±78 (evening GH), 554±54 (morning GH), and 429±65 μg/l (no GH). The mean IGF-II level in the normal subjects was 635±29 μg/l, which was significantly higher than in either patient study. Similarly, stable 24-h levels of IGFBP-3 were recorded in all studies. The mean IGFBP-3 level of the patients was significantly lower when they received no GH, and the mean level in the healthy subjects was higher than in any of the patient studies: 1853±301 (no GH), 2755 ± 317 (evening GH), 2904±269 (morning GH), and 3856±186 μg/l (healthy subjects). However, minute but significant changes over time, characterised by slight decrements at night, were observed for both parameters in several of the studies. Nevertheless, since both IGF-II and IGFBP-3 display rather stable 24-h levels in the individual, it is concluded that measurements of these parameters in evaluation of growth retardation can be based on a single daytime sample.

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Concentric needle single fiber electromyography: normative jitter values on voluntary activated Extensor Digitorum Communis

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2007000300016 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 65 (2b) ◽

pp. 446-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

João Aris Kouyoumdjian ◽

Erik V. Stålberg

Keyword(s):

Action Potentials ◽

Normal Values ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Extensor Digitorum ◽

Single Fiber ◽

Extensor Digitorum Communis ◽

Mean Values ◽

Upper Limit ◽

Neurophysiological Test ◽

The Mean

Single fiber electromyography (SFEMG) is the most sensitive clinical neurophysiological test for neuromuscular junction disorders, particularly myasthenia gravis. Normal values for jitter obtained with SFEMG electrode have been published, but there are few publications for concentric needle electrode (CNE). The aim of this study was to discuss the possibilities to analyse the jitter in CNE recordings and to get normal values of jitter for voluntary activated Extensor Digitorum Communis using disposable CNE. Fifty normal subjects were studied, 16 male and 34 female with a mean age of 37.1±10.3 years (19-55). The jitter values of action potentials pairs of isolated muscular fibers were expressed as the mean consecutive difference (MCD) after 20 analysed potential pairs. The mean MCD (n=50) obtained was 24.2±2.8 µs (range of mean values in each subject was 18-31). Upper 95% confidence limit is 29.8 µs. The mean jitter of all potential pairs (n=1000) obtained was 24.07±7.30 µs (range 9-57). A practical upper limit for individual data is set to 46 µs. The mean interpotential interval (MIPI) was 779±177 µs (range of individual mean values was 530-1412); there were no potentials with impulse blocking. The present study confirms that CNE is suitable for jitter analysis although certain precautions must be mentioned. Our findings of jitter values with CNE were similar to some other few reports in literature.

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