QUANTITATIVE UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DEN JODIDTRANSPORT IN ENDEMISCHEN KRÖPFEN UND GESUNDEN SCHILDDRÜSEN

ABSTRACT In a series of in vitro studies an attempt was made to quantitate thyroidal iodide transport in goitres and normal thyroid glands. All the specimens were obtained from patients living in an endemic goitre area. The iodide transport capacity was shown to be higher in normal thyroid tissue than in goitres. These findings in diseased glands represent an obvious impairment of the adaptation mechanism to iodine deficiency, and can explain the growth of goitres when iodide supply is only slightly diminished. As thyroidal iodide transport is known to be related to the energy metabolism of the thyroid gland, it is suggested, that disturbances of thyroidal energy and phospolipid metabolism might be responsible for the observed insufficiency of the thyroidal iodide pump in endemic goitres.

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The CCK2-receptor is expressed in human medullary thyroid carcinomas as well as in normal thyroid tissue

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(01)82515-4 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. A507-A507

Author(s):

M BLAEKER ◽

A WEERTH ◽

L JONAS ◽

M TOMETTEN ◽

M SCHUTZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽

Normal Thyroid ◽

Medullary Thyroid ◽

Thyroid Carcinomas ◽

Cck2 Receptor ◽

Medullary Thyroid Carcinomas

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Detection of parathyroid adenomas with 4DCT: Towards a true four-dimensional technique

10.21203/rs.3.rs-237831/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Steven Raeymaeckers ◽

Yannick De Brucker ◽

Tim Vanderhasselt ◽

Nico Buls ◽

Johan De Mey

Keyword(s):

Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Motion Artifacts ◽

P Value ◽

Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽

Dose Length Product ◽

Normal Thyroid ◽

Parathyroid Adenomas ◽

Parathyroid Lesions ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background. 4DCT is a commonly performed examination in the management of primary hyperparathyroidism, combining three-dimensional imaging with enhancement over time as the fourth dimension. We propose a novel technique consisting of 16 different contrast phases, instead of three or four different phases. The main aim of this study was to see if this protocol allows for the detection of parathyroid adenomas within dose limits. Our secondary aim was examining the enhancement of parathyroid lesions over time.Methods. For this prospective study, we included 15 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism prior to surgery. We obtain a 4DCT with 16 different phases: an unenhanced phase followed by 11 consecutive arterial phases and 4 venous phases. Centered on the thyroid, continuous axial scanning is performed over a fixed 8cm or 16cm coverage volume after start of contrast administration.Results. In all patients an enlarged parathyroid can be demonstrated, mean lesion size is 13.6mm. Mean peak arterial peak enhancement for parathyroid lesions is 384 HU compared to 333 HU for the normal thyroid. No statistical difference could be found. Time to peak (TTP) is significantly earlier for parathyroid adenomas compared to normal thyroid tissue: 30.8s versus 32.3s (p value 0.008). Mean Slope of Increase (MSI) of the enhancement curve is significantly steeper compared to normal thyroid tissue: 29.8% versus 22.2% (p value 0.012). Mean dose length product was 890.7 mGy.cm with a calculated effective dose of 6.7 mSv.Conclusion. We propose a feasible 4DCT scanning-protocol for the detection of parathyroid adenomas. We manage to obtain a multitude of phases, allowing for a dynamic evaluation within an acceptable exposure range when compared to classic helical 4DCT. Our 4DCT protocol may allow for a better visualization of the pattern of enhancement of parathyroid lesions, as enhancement over time curves can be drawn. This way wash-in and wash-out of contrast in suspected lesions can be readily demonstrated. Motion artifacts are less problematic as multiple phases are available.

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Repeated thyrotrophin stimulation of thyroid secretion: lack of refractoriness in vivo

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1060153 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 106 (2) ◽

pp. 153-157

Author(s):

N. Bagchi ◽

T. R. Brown

Keyword(s):

Adenylate Cyclase ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Control Group ◽

Cyclic Amp Accumulation ◽

Thyroid Glands ◽

Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽

Thyroid Secretion ◽

Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACT It has been reported that prior exposure of thyroid tissue to TSH in vitro induces a state of refractoriness to new challenges of the hormone. We have investigated the effect of repeated TSH treatment on thyroid secretion to determine whether such refractoriness exists in vivo. The rate of thyroid secretion was estimated by measuring the rate of hydrolysis of labelled thyroglobulin from mouse thyroid glands in vitro. The thyroid glands were labelled in vivo with 131I and then cultured for 20 h in the presence of mononitrotyrosine, an inhibitor of iodotyrosine deiodinase. The rate of hydrolysis of labelled thyroglobulin was measured as the percentage of radioactivity released as free iodotyrosines and iodothyronines into the gland and the medium at the end of incubation. Thyrotrophin was administered in vivo at hourly intervals for 2–4 injections. The corresponding control group received saline injections every hour except for the last injection when they received TSH. The peak rates of thyroglobulin hydrolysis, measured 2 h following the last injection, were similar in animals receiving two, three or four TSH injections and were not different from those in the control groups. Serum tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations 2 h after the last injection were higher in the groups receiving multiple TSH injections. Thyroidal cyclic AMP accumulation in response to TSH was markedly depressed in the group receiving multiple injections compared with the group receiving a single injection of TSH in vivo. These data indicate that (1) the stimulatory effect of TSH on thyroidal secretion is not diminished by prior administration of the hormone in vivo, (2) repeated TSH administrations in vivo cause refractoriness of the adenylate cyclase response to TSH and (3) a dichotomy exists between the secretory response and the adenylate cyclase response to repeated administrations of TSH. J. Endocr. (1985) 106, 153–157

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Certain peculiarities of parenchymal-stromal correlations in the thyroid gland with nodular forms of goiter with its rucurrent and non-recurrent course

Clinical anatomy and operative surgery ◽

10.24061/1727-0847.19.1.2020.9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 53-60

Author(s):

N. P. Tkachuk ◽

I. S. Davydenko

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Slow Growth ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Nodular Goiter ◽

Specific Weight ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽

Normal Thyroid ◽

Stromal Component ◽

Correlation Parameters

In spite of a considerable efficacy of conservative treatment of goiter, surgery remains the main method of treatment of such patients. Though, on the one hand, total thyroidectomy inevitably results in the development of postsurgical hypothyroidism, on the other hand – in case organ-saving surgery is performed the risk of postsurgical relapse arises. Modern morphological methods are directed to detection of oncological risk of nodular formations, and recommendations concerning an adequate volume of surgery taking into account probability of relapse are practically lacking. Therefore, the objective of the study was finding criteria of a relapsing risk by means of investigation of morphological peculiarities of the parenchymal-stromal correlations in the thyroid gland with recurrent nodular and primary nodular (multinodular) goiter without signs of functional disorders. In the course of the research according to the examined correlation parameters of the parenchyma and stroma various forms of nodular goiter were found to differ from the thyroid tissue without pathological changes by a number of parameters. In particular, specific weight of the parenchyma on an average increases reliably in the tissue of nodular goiter with its various variants in comparison with the thyroid gland without pathological changes. Together with the increase of the parenchymal specific weight in nodular goiter the amount of colloid on an average decreases, and a specific dependence on the kind of goiter is observed – colloid volume decreases from goiter with slow growth to goiter with quick growth, and it is the smallest with goiter relapse. Quantitative analysis of the goiter tissue stromal component demonstrates a considerable increase of its specific volume in comparison with normal thyroid tissue. Evaluation of changes of the morphometric parameters in the thyroid follicles found that in case of nodular goiter with slow growth the percentage of follicles with colloid is close to 100%. On an average it does not differ from that of the normal thyroid tissue. At the same time, in case of nodular goiter with quick growth the percentage of follicles with colloid decreases sharply, and in case of relapse it appears to be still less than that in nodular goiter with quick growth. Besides, with nodular goiter the diameter of follicles on an average increases in comparison with the normal thyroid tissue. In a number of cases it can be estimated as macrofollicular goiter. At the same time, the diameter of follicles is smaller in nodular goiter with quick growth. It is still less in case of goiter relapse. The size of follicles becomes sharply diverse in case of nodular goiter with slow growth, but it decreases in case of nodular goiter with quick growth and relapse. Consequently, recurrent nodular goiter is mostly similar to that of primary nodular goiter with a quick growth, though certain differences between them exist. The peculiarities found enable to suggest that nodular goiter with a quick growth possesses more chances for relapse.

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The effects of cytokines, antithyroidal drugs and glucocorticoids on phagocytosis by thyroid cells

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1190413 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 119 (3) ◽

pp. 413-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mayumi Matsunaga ◽

Katsumi Eguchi ◽

Takaaki Fukuda ◽

Hiroshi Tezuka ◽

Yukitaka Ueki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phagocytic Activity ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Interferon Α ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽

Thyroid Cells ◽

Latex Beads ◽

Thyroid Glands

Abstract. The present study was undertaken to examine whether thyrocytes possess phagocytic activity and whether the phagocytic activity is influenced by cytokines, such as interleukin 1, 2 (IL 1, IL 2) and interferon-α, -β, and -γ (IFN-α, β, and γ), and drugs, such as methimazole and dexamethasone. Thyroid glands were obtained from patients with Graves' disease. Thyrocytes were prepared by collagenase digestion. Thyrocytes were pre-incubated in the presence or absence of cytokines and drugs at 37°C for 20 h and were further incubated with fluoresceinated latex beads at 37°C for 60 min. The number of phagocytic thyrocytes was determined by FACS IV. Phagocytosis of latex beads was indeed seen within thyrocytes and gradually increased in a time-dependent manner. The rate of phagocytosis in thyrocytes was extremely slow as compared with that in macrophages. Phagocytic activity was detected in thyrocytes from patients with Graves' disease and from normal thyroid tissue adjacent to thyroid cancer. Phagocytosis was inhibited by IL 1, but was enhanced by IL 2. Although the enhanced phagocytosis with IFN-β was consistently seen, little effect was detected with IFN-α and -γ. Both methimazole and dexamethasone markedly inhibited phagocytosis. These results indicated that thyrocytes had phagocytic properties and that their phagocytic activity was modulated by cytokines, antithyroidal drugs and dexamethasone.

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Steroid receptor coactivator-1 interacts with NF-κB to increase VEGFC levels in human thyroid cancer

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20180394 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bo Gao ◽

Lingji Guo ◽

Donglin Luo ◽

Yan Jiang ◽

Jianjie Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Lymphatic Vessels ◽

Steroid Receptor ◽

Human Thyroid ◽

Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽

Normal Thyroid ◽

Steroid Receptor Coactivator ◽

Lymphatic Metastases ◽

Factor C

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, and has a high incidence of lymphatic metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) is essential for development of lymphatic vessels and lymphatic metastases during carcinogenesis. Steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) interacts with nuclear receptors and transcription factors to promote tumor proliferation and metastasis. However, the correlation between SRC-1 and VEGFC levels in the lymphatic metastases of thyroid cancer remains unclear. We analyzed 20-paired specimens of thyroid cancer tissue and normal thyroid tissue and found increased levels of SRC-1 and VEGFC proteins in 13/20 and 15/20 thyroid cancer specimens, respectively, when compared with those levels in specimens of normal thyroid tissue. A high level of SRC-1 expression was positively correlated with VEGFC and lymphatic endothelial cell marker LYVE-1 expression. Papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line TPC-1 displayed high levels of SRC-1 and VEGFC expression and was selected for stable knockdown of SRC-1 in vitro. Inhibition of SRC-1 significantly reduced the VEGFC levels in TPC-1 cells. We found that SRC-1 binds to transcription factor NF-kB (p50/p65), and that this coactivation complex directly promoted VEGFC transcription, which could be abrogated by SRC-1 knockdown. Up-regulated NF-kB signaling was also confirmed in thyroid cancer tissues. In vivo studies showed that SRC-1 knockdown restricted tumor growth, reduced the numbers of LYVE-1-positive lymphatic vessels, and decreased the levels of VEGFC in tumor tissues. These results suggest a tumorigenic role for SRC-1 in thyroid cancer via its ability to regulate VEGFC expression.

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CCP II : A Novel Calcitonin Carboxy Terminal Peptide is Expressed in Normal Thyroid Tissue

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ◽

10.1016/s0006-291x(05)90004-1 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 185 (1) ◽

pp. 330-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. Cohen ◽

M.C. Delehaye ◽

S. Minvielle ◽

N. Segond ◽

J. Taboulet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽

Normal Thyroid ◽

Carboxy Terminal

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Thyroglobulin Gene Mutations Producing Defective Intracellular Transport of Thyroglobulin Are Associated with Increased Thyroidal Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase Activity

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2006-1242 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 1451-1457 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Yasuhiko Kanou ◽

Akira Hishinuma ◽

Katsuhiko Tsunekawa ◽

Koji Seki ◽

Yutaka Mizuno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Intracellular Transport ◽

Mrna Level ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Compound Heterozygous ◽

Free T4 ◽

Iodothyronine Deiodinase ◽

Normal Thyroid ◽

Thyroid Glands

Abstract Context: Most patients with defective synthesis and/or secretion of thyroglobulin (Tg) present relatively high serum free T3 (FT3) concentrations with disproportionately low free T4 (FT4) resulting in a high FT3/FT4 ratio. The mechanism of this change in FT3/FT4 ratio remains unknown. Objective: We hypothesize that increased type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) activity in the thyroid gland may explain the higher FT3/FT4 ratio that is frequently observed in patients with abnormal Tg synthesis. Design: We recently identified a compound heterozygous patient (patient A) with a Tg G2356R mutation and one previously described (C1245R) that is known to cause a defect in intracellular transport of Tg. In the current study, after determining the abnormality caused by G2356R, we measured D2 activity as well as its mRNA level in the thyroid gland. We also measured the thyroidal D2 activity in three patients with Tg transport defect and in normal thyroid tissue. Results: Morphological and biochemical analysis of the thyroid gland from patient A, complemented by a pulse-chase experiment, revealed that G2356R produces a defect in intracellular Tg transport. D2 activity but not type 1 deiodinase in thyroid glands of patients with abnormal Tg transport was significantly higher than in normal thyroid glands, whereas D2 mRNA level in patient A was comparable with that in normal thyroid glands. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between D2 activity and FT3/FT4 ratios. Conclusion: Increased thyroidal D2 activity in the thyroid gland is responsible for the higher FT3/FT4 ratios in patients with defective intracellular Tg transport.

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