ELECTROPHORETIC SEPARATION OF HORMONES ASSOCIATED WITH SECRETORY GRANULES FROM RAT ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLANDS

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Hodges ◽  
W. H. McShan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT Electrophoretic analyses of rat, mouse, human and cow anterior pituitary homogenates with subsequent bioassays for hormonal activity have been reported. Comparison of the behaviour of the hormonal activities from rat anterior pituitary secretory granules and that reported for pituitary homogenates was made following disc electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. Bioassays of gel segments for the six anterior pituitary hormones resulted in the localization of the activities of five of the six hormones. ACTH activity was not detected. Growth hormone and prolactin were associated with the major cathodal and anodal discs respectively. Luteinizing hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone activities had similar mobilities and were located in a zone just above growth hormone. The activity was not restricted to a discrete, stainable disc in either case. Follicle stimulating hormone activity was detected in a narrow segment containing only one disc a few millimeters below growth hormone. Comparison of the mobilities of the hormones from homogenates and secretory granule extracts suggests that they have essentially similar electrophoretic characteristics at basis pH.

Pituitary-bone connection in skeletal regulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mone Zaidi ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Terry F. Davies ◽  
Maria New ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Limited Function ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

AbstractPituitary hormones have traditionally been thought to exert specific, but limited function on target tissues. More recently, the discovery of these hormones and their receptors in organs such as the skeleton suggests that pituitary hormones have more ubiquitous functions. Here, we discuss the interaction of growth hormone (GH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), prolactin, oxytocin and arginine vasopressin (AVP) with bone. The direct skeletal action of pituitary hormones therefore provides new insights and therapeutic opportunities for metabolic bone diseases, prominently osteoporosis.

Pituitary failure secondary to head trauma

1976 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Winternitz ◽  
James A. Dzur
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Severe Head Trauma ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hypothalamic Control ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

✓ A patient presented with hypopituitarism, 2 years after severe head trauma. Deficits of growth hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and borderline thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were demonstrated. Normal TSH-releasing hormone (TRH) response and elevated prolactin indicated viable anterior pituitary tissue with inadequate hypothalamic control. Precautions are suggested for recognition and treatment of this syndrome.

Monolayer Cultures of Dispersed Cells from Bovine Anterior Pituitary: Responses to Synthetic Hypophysiotropic Peptides

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1094-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Queen ◽  
S. Vivian ◽  
F. LaBella
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Cell Monolayers ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Cells were dispersed from bovine anterior pituitary glands, by digestion with collagenase, and cultured. After 4 days the cell monolayers were incubated with fresh medium containing synthetic hypophysiotropic peptides for 2, 6, or 20 h, and hormone released into the medium was estimated by radioimmunoassay. After 2 h, thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) stimulated the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) up to eightfold, and of prolactin (PRL) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) about twofold at a minimal effective concentration of 1 ng/ml; enhanced growth hormone (GH) release was not apparent until 20 h, and release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) was unaffected. Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) enhanced release of LH maximally (three- to fourfold) during a 2 h incubation and was effective at 0.1 ng/ml; FSH release was significantly enhanced by about 50% above control level. Growth hormone release inhibiting hormone (GH-RIH) (somatostatin) showed significant effects only in the 20 h incubation; GH release was inhibited by 50% and release of PRL was slightly, but significantly, enhanced. Pituitary cell monolayers apparently permit maximal expression of releasing activities inherent in the hypothalamic hormones.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SECRETORY GRANULES FROM RAT ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLANDS

1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Costoff ◽  
W. H. McShan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Single Fraction ◽  
Rat Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Glands

A method is described for the isolation of secretory granules from rat anterior pituitary glands. The method consists of differential and isopycnic gradient centrifugations, followed by filtration of the zones containing granules on Nuclepore filters to remove mitochondria. Highly purified granules were obtained as indicated by electron microscopy. Major parts of the thyrotropin (TSH) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) were recovered in a single fraction of granules as were follicle-stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing (LH) hormones. The somatotropin (STH) and prolactin (LTH) were recovered in separate granule fractions. The major parts of the six different hormones were associated with their respective granule fractions as shown by bioassays specific for each of the hormones. The diameters of granules in sections of intact rat pituitary glands and in isolated pellets were measured, and the means and ranges were in close agreement. These results contribute to the identification of the cell types which produce the different pituitary hormones.

scholarly journals Machine-Learning Prediction of Postoperative Pituitary Hormonal Outcomes in Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas: A Multicenter Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Fang ◽  
He Wang ◽  
Ming Feng ◽  
Wentai Zhang ◽  
Lei Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Prognostic Assessment ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ObjectiveNo accurate predictive models were identified for hormonal prognosis in non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA). This study aimed to develop machine learning (ML) models to facilitate the prognostic assessment of pituitary hormonal outcomes after surgery.MethodsA total of 215 male patients with NFPA, who underwent surgery in four medical centers from 2015 to 2021, were retrospectively reviewed. The data were pooled after heterogeneity assessment, and they were randomly divided into training and testing sets (172:43). Six ML models and logistic regression models were developed using six anterior pituitary hormones.ResultsOnly thyroid-stimulating hormone (p < 0.001), follicle-stimulating hormone (p < 0.001), and prolactin (PRL; p < 0.001) decreased significantly following surgery, whereas growth hormone (GH) (p < 0.001) increased significantly. The postoperative GH (p = 0.07) levels were slightly higher in patients with gross total resection, but the PRL (p = 0.03) level was significantly lower than that in patients with subtotal resection. The optimal model achieved area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve values of 0.82, 0.74, and 0.85 in predicting hormonal hypofunction, new deficiency, and hormonal recovery following surgery, respectively. According to feature importance analyses, the preoperative levels of the same type and other hormones were all important in predicting postoperative individual hormonal hypofunction.ConclusionFluctuation in anterior pituitary hormones varies with increases and decreases because of transsphenoidal surgery. The ML models could accurately predict postoperative pituitary outcomes based on preoperative anterior pituitary hormones in NFPA.

PURIFICATION OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE FROM HUMAN ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLANDS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 841-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. McShan ◽  
B. B. Saxena ◽  
R. O. Creek
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Thyrotropic Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Gonadotropic Activity ◽  
Human Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The results of this study indicate that highly purified follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was prepared from human anterior pituitary glands by ammonium sulphate (AS) fractionation, zone electrophoresis, and starch gel electrophoresis. The activity of this preparation was approximately 14.7 times that of the sheep pituitary FSH standard. The fractions from zone and starch gel electrophoresis with which luteinizing hormone (LH) was associated also contained thyrotropic hormone (TSH). There was little decrease in the gonadotropic activity of human anterior pituitary glands recovered at different times up to 24 hours post-mortem.

The pituitary and hypopituitarism

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-120
Author(s):  
Gary Butler ◽  
Jeremy Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Biochemical Assessment ◽  
Cranial Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Clinical Problems ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

• The pituitary is formed of two anatomically and embryologically distinct lobes: ◦ anterior pituitary: which secretes growth hormone (GH), gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and prolactin ◦ posterior pituitary: which secretes vasopressin and oxytocin. • Hypopituitarism is deficiency of one or more pituitary hormones. Some hormones, e.g. GH (LH/FSH), are more likely to present with isolated deficiencies, while others, e.g. TSH, ACTH, are more often found as part of multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD). • Deficiencies may be congenital (including genetic) or acquired; secondary to tumour, trauma, infiltration, infection, or irradiation. • GH deficiency: ◦ diagnosed using a combination of clinical, radiological, and biochemical assessment (including GH stimulation testing) ◦ treatment is with GH (including if necessary into adulthood). • LH/FSH deficiency: ◦ If acquired, often one of the first anterior pituitary hormones to be lost. ◦ Congenital forms: ■ present with cryptorchidism and/or micropenis in males ■ may occur in isolation, or in association with anosmia (Kallmann and CHARGE syndromes). ◦ Treatment: sex steroid therapy to induce secondary sexual characteristics, and recombinant FSH/LH to induce fertility potential. • ACTH deficiency: ◦ Unlike primary adrenal problems, hyperpigmentation does not occur. ◦ Although mineralocorticoid production is preserved, hyponatraemia may still occur. ◦ Treatment is with hydrocortisone. • TSH deficiency: ◦ TSH may be low, normal, or raised (but inappropriate for free thyroxine level). ◦ Treatment is with thyroxine. • Vasopressin deficiency: ◦ produces cranial diabetes insipidus ◦ treatment is with DDAVP (orally or nasally). • Prolactin and oxytocin deficiency rarely produce clinical problems.

Panhypopituitarism

2019 ◽  
pp. 234-238
Author(s):  
Diane Donegan ◽  
Irina Bancos
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Posterior Pituitary ◽  
Oral Ectoderm ◽  
Neural Ectoderm

Hypopituitarism is defined as a deficiency in 1 or more pituitary hormones. The pituitary gland is composed of the anterior pituitary, which originates from an invagination of the oral ectoderm and forms the Rathke pouch, and the posterior pituitary, which is derived from the neural ectoderm of the diencephalon. The anterior pituitary is composed of 5 types of hormone-producing cells: Somatotrophs produce growth hormone; gonadotrophs, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone; thyrotrophs, thyrotropin; 4 lactotrophs, prolactin; and corticotrophs, corticotropin. Identification of hypopituitarism is important because of its association with premature death due to respiratory and cardiovascular complications.

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