CHANGES IN PLASMA GROWTH HORMONE AND INSULIN OF THE HUMAN FOETUS FOLLOWING HYSTEROTOMY

1971 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Turner ◽  
B. Schneeloch ◽  
P. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Serial Samples

ABSTRACT Plasma immunoreactive insulin and growth hormone of 20–24 weeks' gestation human foetuses were assayed in serial samples following delivery by hysterotomy. The mean umbilical cord plasma growth hormone concentration was 71 ng/ml (range 13–120 ng/ml) and the mean plasma insulin was 5 μU/ml (range 2–8 μU/ml). Following delivery the growth hormone levels increased, but there was no significant change in plasma insulin concentration. The hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis controlling growth hormone secretion appears to be developed by 20 weeks' gestation, and »stress« appears to be a provocative stimulus.

DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE AND ITS DIBUTYRYL DERIVATIVE ON PLASMA GROWTH HORMONE, GLUCOSE, INSULIN AND CORTISOL

1976 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
M. Vanderschueren-Lodeweyckx ◽  
W. Proesmans ◽  
E. Eggermont ◽  
R. Eeckels
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT The effects of the infusion in four different dosages (0.001, 0.005, 0.02 and 0.2 mg/kg/min during 60 min) of cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate and of its dibutyryl derivative on plasma growth hormone and on glucose, immunoreactive insulin and cortisol were studied in 38 normal subjects and in 10 patients with idiopathic hypopituitarism. In normal subjects cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate provokes an increase in plasma growth hormone levels (only when a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg/min is used) without any changes in plasma glucose, insulin and cortisol. The maximal value of the means is observed 75 min after starting the infusion. Dibutyryl cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (0.2 and 0.02 mg/kg/min) provokes a dose-related rise in plasma growth hormone levels which is always preceded by hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. The peak of the mean growth hormone levels occurs at 135 min after initiation of the infusion. In all but one hypopituitary patients the nucleotides do not promote growth hormone secretion. It is concluded that exogenous cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate and its dibutyryl derivative may not be considered as analogous and that both compounds may contribute to study growth hormone release in normal subjects and in patients with growth abnormalities.

Growth Hormone Secretion in Acid-Base Alterations at Rest and during Exercise

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Sutton ◽  
N. L. Jones ◽  
C. J. Toews
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Ergometer Exercise

1. Seven healthy males were studied during cycle ergometer exercise at 33%, 66% and 90% of V̇o2 max. on three occasions when NH4Cl, NaHCO3 or CaCO3 (as a control substance) were administered in gelatin capsules double blind and in randomized order. Plasma growth hormone (HGH), lactic acid and hydrogen ion concentration ([H+])weremeasured at frequent intervals. 2. Ammonium chloride produced highest blood [H+] and NaHCO3 the lowest. These differences were maintained during exercise and in recovery. Plasma lactic acid concentrations were similar at rest. At 66%, 90% V̇o2 max. and recovery lactic acid was highest with NaHCO3 and lowest with NH4Cl. 3. Exercise stimulated HGH secretion in all studies and the elevation was proportional to the intensity of the exercise. NH4Cl caused a variable elevation of HGH at rest and 33% V̇o2 max. At 66% V̇o2 max., plasma HGH was significantly elevated to similar concentrations in all studies and, at 90% V̇o2 max., HGH was highest with NaHCO3. 4. An infusion of sodium l(+)-lactate producing plasma lactate concentrations of 3–5 mmol/l did not influence HGH secretion. 5. Exercise is a physiological stimulus to HGH secretion and the mechanism is independent of blood [H+] and lactate concentrations.

PLASMA INSULIN AND GROWTH HORMONE IN DAIRY COWS; DIURNAL VARIATION AND RELATION TO FOOD INTAKE AND PLASMA SUGAR AND ACETOACETATE LEVELS

1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Hove ◽  
Anne Kristine Blom
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT Marked diurnal variations were found in plasma growth hormone (GH), insulin, acetoacetate (AcAc) and sugar in two herds (U and A) of dairy cows kept at two different levels of feeding. Seven animals from each herd were tested. The main diurnal variations were related to food intake, a significant increase in plasma insulin, and a significant decrease in plasma sugar being found. The acetoacetate level rose significantly during feeding in herd U (moderately underfed), while no significant increase was found in herd A (adequately fed). Plasma growth hormone was found to decrease (P < 0.01) only during feeding in herd U, while no change in the GH level could be detected in herd A. The mean level of GH in herd U was found to be twice the value found in herd A. There were no significant differences between the herds in plasma insulin and sugar. Significant differences in plasma levels of GH, insulin and sugar were found between animals when analysed within the herds. Variations in the levels of insulin and acetoacetate were very small during the night. This is contrary to GH, which shows the least variation during food intake. The correlation coefficient between the plasma components was low, although in many cases significant.

Increased hypothalamic somatostatin mRNA following dexamethasone administration in rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Nakagawa ◽  
Tatsuya Ishizuka ◽  
Chikara Shimizu ◽  
Yoshito Ito ◽  
Ichiji Wakabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Blot Technique ◽  
Series Of Experiments

There is increasing evidence to suggest that supraphysiological doses of glucocorticoids suppress growth hormone secretion in vivo by augmenting somatostatin release from the hypothalamus; previously, we reported an increase in hypothalamic somatostatin content in dexamethasone-treated rats. To further examine whether the production of somatostatin really is augmented, hypothalamic somatostatin mRNA levels were determined by the Northern blot technique in female rats receiving 330 μg of dexamethasone daily for three days. In two series of experiments, hypothalamic somatostatin mRNA levels in dexamethasone-treated rats were significantly (p<0.05) increased to 133±19 (mean±sd)% and 153±38% of the controls. In the dexamethasone-treated rats, plasma growth hormone levels were markedly suppressed compared with those of the controls. These results further support the hypothesis that pharmacological doses of glucocorticoids increase the production and release of somatostatin from the hypothalamus and thus inhibit growth hormone secretion, overriding the direct stimulatory effect of glucocorticoids on growth hormone production at the pituitary level.

Effect of synthetic thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and its analogues on growth hormone secretion in the domestic fowl (Gallus Domesticus)

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Scanes ◽  
S. Harvey ◽  
B. A. Morgan ◽  
M. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Trh Analogues

Abstract. Variations in plasma growth hormone (GH) concentrations following iv or sc administration of synthetic thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH, Pyr-His-Pro-NH2) have been followed in immature and adult domestic fowl. TRH markedly stimulated GH secretion in newly hatched (1 and 2 day old) chicks and in 6-week-old cockerels but in adult male or female birds of two strains had very little effect, if any. Intravenous injection of 4 TRH analogues (Pyr-His-Mep-NH2, Pyr-Meh-Mep-NH2, Pyr-Meh-Mep-NH and Pyr-Meh-Pro-NH2) were also potent GH secretagogues in 6-week-old birds. The stimulatory effect of TRH or the TRH-analogues on GH secretion was not dose-related.

Desensitization from long-term intranasal treatment with hexarelin does not interfere with the biological effects of this growth hormone-releasing peptide in short children

1996 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Klinger ◽  
Aviva Silbergeld ◽  
Romano Deghenghi ◽  
Jenny Frenkel ◽  
Zvi Laron
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Pediatric Endocrinology ◽  
Short Children ◽  
The Mean

Klinger B, Silbergeld A, Deghenghi R, Frenkel J, Laron Z. Desensitization from long-term intranasal treatment with hexarelin does not interfere with the biological effects of this growth hormonereleasing peptide in short children. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:716–9. ISSN 0804–4643 A clinical, prospective experiment was carried out to determine whether long-term intranasal administration of the growth hormone-releasing peptide hexarelin (His-d-2-methyl-Trp-Ala-Trp-d-Phe-Lys-NH2) affects pituitary growth hormone secretion. Hexarelin (60 μg/kg t.i.d.) was administered to seven prepubertal constitutionally short children (mean age ±sd = 7.6 ± 2.4 years). Serum human growth hormone (hGH) response to an intranasal (20 μg/kg) and intravenous (1 μg/kg) bolus of hexarelin before, during and after 6–10 months of treatment was measured. The mean (±sd) peak rise of hGH to the intranasal bolus before treatment was 70.6 ± mU/I. After 7 days of hexarelin treatment, mean peak values dropped to 34.1 ±15.7 mU/l (p < 0.002) and thereafter remained constant for 6 months of treatment at 37.5 10.3 ±mU/l (p < 0.03). The pretreatment peak to the iv hexarelin bolus was 84.8 52.5 ±mU/l, and at the end of the treatment period it was 19.8 10.9 ±mU/l (p < 0.05). Three months after stopping treatment the mean (±sd) hGH response rose to 42.1 ±4.7 mU/l (p < 0.005). Growth velocity increased from 5.3±0.9 cm/year (before treatment) to 7.4 1.6 cm/year at ±6–10 months of treatment (p < 0.005). In conclusion, the partial suppression of pituitary hGH responsiveness to long-term intranasal hexarelin treatment, probably due to desensitization, does not affect the observed increase in growth velocity. Z Laron, Pediatric Endocrinology, 11 El Al Street, Ramat Efal, 52960, Israel

The effect of supplements of formaldehyde-treated casein on the partitioning of nutrients between cow and calf in lactating Bos indicus × Bos taurus heifers fed a roughage diet

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Hunter ◽  
T Magner
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
Negative Growth

The effect of a supplement of formaldehyde-treated casein on partition of nutrients and productivity of Bos indicus x Bos taurus (50% x 50%) first-calf heifers was studied. Sixteen pregnant heifers were fed a long-chopped roughage diet (13 g N/kg organic matter) ad lib. for approximately 3 weeks before calving and for 16 weeks after calving. Half the animals were supplemented with formaldehyde-treated casein (300 g per day). There were also 8 non-pregnant, non-lactating controls, half of which were supplemented with formaldehyde-treated casein. Supplementation had no significant effect on intake, irrespective of the physiological state of the heifers. There was a significant (P < 0.05) positive multiple regression between peak intake during lactation and the weight change of both heifer and calf in the first 8 weeks of lactation. Milk yield was not significantly affected by supplementation for the first 8 weeks. In the second half of lactation supplemented heifers produced significantly (P < 0.05) less milk, but not less milk solids, than unsupplemented heifers. During the latter half of lactation there was a highly significant (P < 0.001) positive relationship between milk yield and lactose secretion. The mean (� s.e.m.) length of the period of anoestrus after calving was 17 � 2.5 and 12 � 1.7 weeks for unsupplemented and supplemented heifers respectively. The length of the period of anoestrus was positively related to milk production (P < 0.01) and peak intake during lactation (P < 0.05). Supplemented lactating heifers had significantly (P < 0.05) higher plasma insulin concentrations and significantly (P < 0.01) lower plasma growth hormone concentrations than unsupplemented lactating heifers. In supplemented heifers in the second 8 weeks of lactation plasma insulin concentration was significantly (P < 0.01) negatively correlated with milk yield and yield of milk constituents. Supplementation with formaldehyde-treated casein did not increase roughage intake but did affect the partition of nutrients via a positive insulin and negative growth hormone response. Nutrients were preferentially diverted into maternal body growth rather than milk synthesis in the second half of lactation.

GROWTH HORMONE RELATED TO INSULIN AND SUGAR IN NOCTURNAL BLOOD PLASMA OF LACTATING COWS

1976 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Halse ◽  
Anne Kristine Blom ◽  
K. Hove
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
High Insulin ◽  
Plasma Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Correlation Tests ◽  
Lactation Cycle

ABSTRACT Nocturnal blood plasma samples from about 190 indoor-fed cows at varying stages of the lactation cycle showed wide variations in the concentrations of sugar (43–88 mg/100 ml) and acetoacetate (0.12–8.7 mg/100 ml). Plasma immunoreactive insulin decreased and acetoacetate increased with decreasing sugar. Plasma growth hormone (GH) was significantly correlated to insulin (r = −0.24, P < 0.001) and to sugar (r = −0.15, P < 0.05), but not to acetoacetate (r = +0.13). Since the plasma level of GH in bovines is known to vary widely from hour to hour, individual cows are poorly represented by single determinations of the hormone. However, in accordance with the results from the correlation tests, different GH averages, about 11 and 9 ng/ml, were found for groups of animals with plasma sugar respectively below and above 70 mg/100 ml. By subgrouping according to insulin levels within sugar ranges, categories could be singled out with GH averages as different as 12.7 ng/ml (low sugar - low insulin) and 8.3 ng/ml (high sugar - high insulin). The findings are consistent with the view that GH is involved in the regulation of energy metabolism in bovines. But no support has been provided for the hypothesis of GH hypersecretion as a cause of ketosis in cows.

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