Decreased responsiveness to chronic salmon calcitonin treatment in rat kidney and calvaria studied using quantitative enzyme cytochemistry

1985 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-576
Author(s):  
D. Michael Salmon ◽  
M. Azria ◽  
Joan M. Zanelli
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Salmon Calcitonin ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Bone Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Intracellular Enzyme ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
And Control

Abstract. Growing rats were treated with daily im doses of salmon calcitonin (sCT) (2, 15 and 100 IU/kg) for various times (1, 4 and 24 weeks). The effects on intracellular enzyme activities in bone and kidney were monitored using quantitative cytochemical methods previously developed for the identification of specific target tissue responses to calcitonins. The basal alkaline phosphatase activities in both kidney and bone were decreased by long-term treatment at all time periods and doses tested. No change was noted in basal Ca ATPase activities in kidney after treatment. The capacity of target tissues in chronically treated and control rats to respond to an acute iv dose of sCT was also compared. Acute provocation tests in treated and control rats showed that the renal alkaline phosphatase response was decreased in the rats receiving long-term treatment. Moreover, the direction of response was reversed in chronically treated rats when bone alkaline phosphatase and renal Ca-dependent ATPase activity was measured after acute provocation with sCT, i.e. bone alkaline phosphatase was stimulated instead of being inhibited and renal Ca ATPase was inhibited instead of being stimulated. The application of quantitative cytochemial techiques has demonstrated intracellular changes in enzyme activites in both kidney and bone. The impaired sCT responsiveness can be detected at shorter times of treatment (1 week) and lower doses (2 IU/kg) than has previously been possible by measurement of indices of mineral metabolism in plasma or urine.

Bone Density and Mineral Metabolism in Thyroidectomized Patients Treated with Long-Term l-Thyroxine

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Giannini ◽  
Martino Nobile ◽  
Leonardo Sartori ◽  
Pierluigi Binotto ◽  
Matteo Ciuffreda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Bone Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
And Control

1. A decreased bone mass has been reported in patients with endogenous hyperthyroidism, but the effect on bone density and mineral metabolism of thyroxine administration in thyroidectomized patients is still controversial. To further contribute to this debate, we studied 25 women thyroidectomized for thyroid cancer on long-term treatment with thyroid-stimulating hormone-suppressive doses of L-thyroxine. Twenty-one sex- and age-matched normal subjects were also studied as a control group. 2. The bone density of the spine and serum calcitonin, calcitriol and parathyroid hormone concentrations were not different when the whole patient group was compared with the control subjects, nor when the patients and control subjects were compared according to their menopausal status. However, postmenopausal thyroidectomized patients showed significantly lower bone mass (P < 0.001) than premenopausal patients. 3. L-Thyroxine-treated patients showed significantly higher levels of bone alkaline phosphatase and urine hydroxyproline excretion than control subjects (P < 0.003 and P < 0.001, respectively). These differences were still present when patients and control subjects were analysed according to their menopausal status. However, bone alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women only in L-thyroxine-treated patients (P < 0.05). In postmenopausal L-thyroxine-treated patients a negative correlation between time since menopause and bone mass (P < 0.05) and a positive correlation between bone alkaline phosphatase and hydroxyproline excretion (P < 0.03) were also found. 4. We conclude that long-term thyroid-stimulating hormone-suppressive treatment with L-thyroxine in thyroidectomized women is not associated with a decrease in spinal bone mass nor with calcitonin deficiency, and that L-thyroxine treatment may increase skeletal sensitivity to menopause-related bone loss.

Cognitive Treatment for OCD

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen L. Whittal ◽  
Melisa Robichaud
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cognitive Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Inflated Responsibility ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Of Thoughts

The cornerstone of cognitive treatment (CT) for OCD is based upon the knowledge that unwanted intrusions are essentially a universal experience. As such, it is not the presence of the intrusion that is problematic but rather the associated meaning or interpretation. Treatment is flexible, depending upon the nature of the appraisals and beliefs, but can include strategies focused on inflated responsibility and overestimation of threat, importance and control of thoughts, and the need for perfectionism and certainty. The role of concealment and the relationship to personal values are important maintaining and etiological factors. The short-term and long-term treatment outcome is reviewed, along with predictors of treatment response and mechanisms of action, and the chapter concludes with future directions regarding CT for OCD.

scholarly journals Patients’ Characterization of Medication, Emotions, and Incongruent Perceptions around Adherence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 975
Author(s):  
Pikuei Tu ◽  
Danielle Smith ◽  
Rachel Clark ◽  
Laura Bayzle ◽  
Rungting Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Personalized Care ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
And Control

Medication nonadherence is prevalent among patients with chronic diseases. Previous research focused on patients’ beliefs in medication or illness and applied risk-benefit analyses when reasoning their behavior. This qualitative study examined rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients’ perceptions and feelings toward medication in parallel with attitudes about their own adherence. We conducted four 90-min focus groups and seven 60-min interviews with a diverse sample of RA patients (n = 27). Discussions covered dilemmas encountered, emotions, and thought process concerning medication, and included application of projective techniques. Transcripts were analyzed in NVivo-12 using a thematic coding framework through multiple rounds of deduction and categorization. Three themes emerged, each with mixed sentiments. (1) Ambivalent feelings toward medication: participants experienced internal conflicts as their appreciation of drugs for relief contradicted worries about side effects or “toxicity” and desire to not identify as sick, portraying medications as “best friend” and “evil”. (2) Struggles in taking medication: participants “hated” the burden of managing regimen and resented the reliance and embarrassment. (3) Attitudes and behavior around adherence: most participants self-reported high adherence yet also described frequently self-adjusting medications, displaying perception-action incongruency. Some expressed nervousness and resistance while others felt empowered when modifying dosage, which might have motivated or helped them self-justify nonadherence. Only a few who deviated from prescription discussed it with their clinicians though most participants expressed the desire to do so; open communication with providers reinforced a sense of confidence and control of their own health. Promoting personalized care with shared decision-making that empowers and supports patients in managing their long-term treatment could encourage adherence and improve overall health outcome.

scholarly journals Development and significance of antibodies to salmon calcitonin in patients with Paget's disease on long-term treatment.

BMJ ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 2 (6092) ◽  
pp. 927-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
N J Woodhouse ◽  
S M Mohamedally ◽  
F Saed-Nejad ◽  
T J Martin
Keyword(s):  
Salmon Calcitonin ◽  
Paget’S Disease ◽  
Paget's Disease ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Co-administration of α-lipoic acid and glutathione is associated with no significant changes in serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase or γ-glutamyltranspeptidase levels during the treatment of neuroborreliosis with intravenous ceftriaxone

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basant K. Puri ◽  
Jaana S. Hakkarainen-Smith ◽  
Anne Derham ◽  
Jean A. Monro
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Lyme Neuroborreliosis ◽  
Biliary Colic ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Abstract: While pharmacotherapy with intravenous ceftriaxone, a third-generation cephalosporin, is a potential treatment of Lyme neuroborreliosis, there is concern that it can cause the formation of biliary sludge, leading to hepatobiliary complications such as biliary colic, jaundice and cholelithiasis, which are reflected in changes in serum levels of bilirubin and markers of cholestatic liver injury (alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase). It has been suggested that the naturally occurring substances α-lipoic acid and glutathione may be helpful in preventing hepatic disease. α-Lipoic acid exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities in the liver, while glutathione serves as a sulfhydryl buffer. The aim of this study was to determine whether co-administration of α-lipoic acid and glutathione is associated with significant changes in serum levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase during the treatment of Lyme neuroborreliosis with long-term intravenous ceftriaxone.: Serum levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase were measured in 42 serologically positive Lyme neuroborreliosis patients before and after long-term treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone (2–4 g daily) with co-administration of oral/intravenous α-lipoic acid (600 mg daily) and glutathione (100 mg orally or 0.6–2.4 g intravenously daily).: None of the patients developed biliary colic and there were no significant changes in serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase or γ-glutamyltranspeptidase levels over the course of the intravenous ceftriaxone treatment (mean length 75.0 days).: Co-administration of α-lipoic acid and glutathione is associated with no significant changes in serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase or γ-glutamyltranspeptidase levels during the treatment of neuroborreliosis with intravenous ceftriaxone.

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