Usefulness of plasma pregnenolone sulfate in testing pituitary-adrenal function in children

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S259-S263 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. de Peretti ◽  
M.G. Forest ◽  
B. Loras ◽  
Y. Morel ◽  
M. David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Pituitary Function ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Pregnenolone Sulfate ◽  
Pituitary Diseases ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression ◽  
Abrupt Rise

SUMMARY In normal subjects, plasma pregnenolone sulfate (PS) levels high at birth, decreased during the first year of life in relation to the pattern of involution of the fetal adrenal zone. Thereafter, PS levels, in contrast with those of DHAS, did not show the abrupt rise characteristic of the adrenarche, but increased very progressively till adulthood. The response of PS to various provocative tests of adrenal and pituitary function (ACTH and Metyrapone stimulation, dexamethasone suppression), has been established in normal subjects. The measurement of plasma PS levels in basal conditions as well as in response to dynamic tests was very useful in the diagnosis of various adrenal and pituitary diseases in children.

LONGITUDINAL EEG-CLINICAL CORRELATIONS IN CHILDREN FROM BIRTH TO 4 YEARS OF AGE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-954
Author(s):  
Fernando Torres ◽  
Michael E. Blaw
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
First Year ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Focal Abnormality ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Single Focus

One hundred-thirty children who had an EEG during their first days of life and who were registered in a clinical longitudinal study were followed with concurrent clinical and EEG examinations every 4 months for the first year of life and at 2, 3, and 4 years of age. Thirty children had EEG characteristics which are frequently considered abnormal in their neonatal record. Twenty-three children had clinical abnormalities during the 4-year period covered by the study. There was no significant correlation between a single EEG and clinical abnormalities at any age. Newborn infants with more than one focal abnormality in their EEG presented clinical abnormalities more frequently than those with a single focus. The difference, however, did not attain statistical significance. Children with an abnormal EEG at birth and an additional abnormal record later, had a higher incidence of clinical abnormalities than those with only an abnormal neonatal EEG. However, this finding is of questionable significance because the children who had clinical abnormalities had a larger number of EEG's than the normal subjects. It is expected that continued follow-up of these children at more advanced stages of their development may give a positive EEG-clinical correlation which was not found in this study.

scholarly journals Factor IX Level in Various Conditions

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Veltkamp
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Hemophilia B ◽  
First Year ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Slow Rise ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Substantial Rise ◽  
Abrupt Rise

In newborns the factor IX level is only 20-60% of that observed in adults. This implies that factor IX levels have to increase with age, as was demonstrated already by Simpson and Biggs (1962). A rapid rise might occur in the first year of life, as is the case for albumen. During life, then, a slow rise continues, as was also demonstrated for factors V and VII (Brozovic 1976, 1974). It is of special interest that for factors VII and IX, both vitamin K dependant clotting factors, not onlyage but also hormones influence the activity level. Both the oestrogen containing contraceptive pill and pregnancy cause a substantial rise in factor IX level, both activity and CRM. 7 Years ago we started to measure factor IX levels every 3 months in 10 children, now at the age of 19, to see whether an abrupt rise would occur during puberty; this was not so. This information was considered relevant for the explanation of the appearance of factor IX activity and CRM in patients with hemophilia B Leyden during puberty. After a rise from <1% to 20% factor IX in the age period from 15 to 20 factor IX continues to rise at a slower rate and may reach 50% in old age. Clinical symptoms disappear. There is no good explanation for this phenomenon that occurs in patients from two probably related kindreds with hemophilia B in The Netherlands.

VASOPRESSIN IN THE DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF PITUITARY AND HYPOTHALAMIC FUNCTION

1971 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Toft ◽  
O. Buus ◽  
E. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Diagnostic Evaluation ◽  
Normal Response ◽  
Pituitary Diseases ◽  
Abnormal Response ◽  
Hypothalamic Function ◽  
Hypothalamic Diseases

ABSTRACT An attempt has been made to determine the value of the vasopressin test as measured by the increase in 11-OHCS by comparison with the metyrapone test in 17 patients with verified pituitary and hypothalamic diseases. The normal response to vasopressin was investigated in 15 normal subjects and found to give a minimum increase of 8 μg/100 ml. Our data suggest that the vasopressin test cannot be used as a diagnostic test in patients with suspected abnormalities of pituitary-adrenal function. Our findings in the two patients with hypothalamic disturbances could support the theory that hypothalamic and pituitary diseases can be distinguished by means of the vasopressin and metyrapone tests, since these two patients had a normal vasopressin test and an abnormal response to metyrapone. However, the same combination of results was also found in three patients with pituitary disturbances.

Craniofacial Skeletal Measurements Based on Computed Tomography: Part II. Normal Values and Growth Trends

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel A. Waitzman ◽  
Jeffrey C. Posnick ◽  
Derek C. Armstrong ◽  
Gaylene E. Pron
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Cranial Vault ◽  
First Year ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
First Year Of Life

Current diagnosis and surgical correction of craniofacial anomalies would benefit from accurate quantitative and standardized points of reference. A retrospective study was undertaken to define normal values for a series of craniofacial measurements and to evaluate the growth patterns of the craniofacial complex through axial computed tomography (CT). Fifteen measurements were taken from 542 CT scan series of skeletally normal subjects. The measurement values were then divided into 1 -year age categories from 1 to 17 years, and into four age groups for those under 1 year of age. The normal range and growth pattern of measurement values for the cranial vault, orbital region, and upper midface are presented. The overall size of the cranio-orbito-zygomatic skeleton reaches more than 85 percent of adult size by age 5 years. The cranial vault grows rapidly in the first year of life but growth levels off early. The upper midface grows at a slower rate in infancy, but continues to grow later in childhood and early adolescence. Knowledge of the differential growth patterns and normal measurement values in the craniofacial region will help improve diagnostic accuracy, staging of reconstruction, precision of corrective surgery, and follow-up of patients.

Age and sex related differences in serum levels of unconjugated dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulphate in normal subjects

1997 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Šulcová ◽  
M Hill ◽  
R Hampl ◽  
L Stárka
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
First Year ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Age Related ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Second Peak ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and unconjugated dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) have been determined in the blood serum of normal subjects of both sexes from 1 month to 100 years of age. In total, 92 girls, 49 boys, 211 women and 110 men were investigated. The effects of age and sex on the levels of the hormones were measured. DHEAS levels declined rapidly during the first year of life and were maintained at a minimum level for 5 years. They increased significantly from 6 to 7 years of age and reached maximum levels in women at about 24 years and in men at about 30 years of age. They then declined rapidly in both sexes but the fall which occurred after 50 and 60 years of age respectively was only moderate. Age-related unconjugated DHEA levels were different. After the first month of life DHEA levels were relatively high and declined more slowly. The minimum level was observed in girls between 5 and 7 years and in boys between 5 and 9 years of age. A significant rise then began and levels reached a maximum in women as well as in men at about 20 years of age. In men levels then declined up to the age of 80. In women the DHEA levels declined during the next 15 years and from approximately 36 years of age they again rose significantly up to a second peak. A mild but significant decline then resumed. There was a difference in the levels of DHEA and DHEAS depending on sex. Unlike DHEAS, unconjugated DHEA was higher in women than in men. However, this difference was significant only in some age groups: during puberty (between 11 and 15 years of age), in the premenopausal period (between 36 and 45 years of age) and in the older group (after 60 years of age). Age- and sex-related dependencies were different between DHEAS and DHEA. They indicate the possible variable secretion and dynamics of their (inter)conversion. We have concluded that DHEA measurements cannot be a substitute for DHEAS and vice versa. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 154, 57–62

GROWTH OF THIOCYANATE SPACE IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
ROBERT S. ELY ◽  
WATARU W. SUTOW
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
First Year ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Infancy And Childhood ◽  
First Year Of Life

Thiocyanate space was determined in 108 normal subjects and blood volume in 50 of these. These values are presented with relationship to physical indices of growth. The decrease in SCN-space as per cent of body weight is shown to be primarily in the first year of life. The significance of this change is discussed with relation to total water and per cent of body fat.

The Development of Swallowing Respiratory Coordination

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Maggie-Lee Huckabee
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Activation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Primary Finding ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Cortical Modulation ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Swallowing Apnea

Abstract Research exists that evaluates the mechanics of swallowing respiratory coordination in healthy children and adults as well and individuals with swallowing impairment. The research program summarized in this article represents a systematic examination of swallowing respiratory coordination across the lifespan as a means of behaviorally investigating mechanisms of cortical modulation. Using time-locked recordings of submental surface electromyography, nasal airflow, and thyroid acoustics, three conditions of swallowing were evaluated in 20 adults in a single session and 10 infants in 10 sessions across the first year of life. The three swallowing conditions were selected to represent a continuum of volitional through nonvolitional swallowing control on the basis of a decreasing level of cortical activation. Our primary finding is that, across the lifespan, brainstem control strongly dictates the duration of swallowing apnea and is heavily involved in organizing the integration of swallowing and respiration, even in very early infancy. However, there is evidence that cortical modulation increases across the first 12 months of life to approximate more adult-like patterns of behavior. This modulation influences primarily conditions of volitional swallowing; sleep and naïve swallows appear to not be easily adapted by cortical regulation. Thus, it is attention, not arousal that engages cortical mechanisms.

Gastric electrical activity in normal neonates during the first year of life. Effect of lactation with breast milk and formula

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A209-A209
Author(s):  
G RIEZZO ◽  
R CASTELLANA ◽  
T DEBELLIS ◽  
F LAFORGIA ◽  
F INDRIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Gastric Electrical Activity ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Normal Neonates

Feeding and Function Pleasure in the First Year of Life

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Brody ◽  
Sidney Axelrad
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Year Of Life
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