Sitagliptin use may reduce oral cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes

In the last decade, cancer became the leading cause of death in the population under 65 in the European Union. Diabetes is also considered as a factor increasing risk of cancer incidence and mortality. Type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with being overweight and obese, which also plays a role in malignancy. Among biological mechanisms linking diabetes and obesity with cancer hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, increased levels of growth factors, steroid and peptide hormones, oxidative stress and increased activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines are listed. Antidiabetic medications can modulate cancer risk through directly impacting metabolism of cancer cells as well as indirectly through impact on risk factors of malignancy. Some of them are considered beneficial (metformin and thiazolidinedions—with the exception of bladder cancer); on the other hand, excess of exogenous insulin may be potentially harmful, while other medications seem to have neutral impact on cancer risk. Inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) are increasingly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, their association with cancer risk is unclear. The aim of this review was to analyze the anticancer potential of this class of drugs, as well as risks of site-specific malignancies associated with their use.

Download Full-text

Is Vitamin D Deficiency Related to Increased Cancer Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22126444 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 6444

Author(s):

Anna Gabryanczyk ◽

Sylwia Klimczak ◽

Izabela Szymczak-Pajor ◽

Agnieszka Śliwińska

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Cancer Development ◽

Increased Risk

There is mounting evidence that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related with increased risk for the development of cancer. Apart from shared common risk factors typical for both diseases, diabetes driven factors including hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and low grade chronic inflammation are of great importance. Recently, vitamin D deficiency was reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including T2DM and cancer. However, little is known whether vitamin D deficiency may be responsible for elevated cancer risk development in T2DM patients. Therefore, the aim of the current review is to identify the molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D deficiency may contribute to cancer development in T2DM patients. Vitamin D via alleviation of insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and inflammation reduces diabetes driven cancer risk factors. Moreover, vitamin D strengthens the DNA repair process, and regulates apoptosis and autophagy of cancer cells as well as signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis i.e., tumor growth factor β (TGFβ), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and Wnt-β-Cathenin. It should also be underlined that many types of cancer cells present alterations in vitamin D metabolism and action as a result of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) and CYP27B1 expression dysregulation. Although, numerous studies revealed that adequate vitamin D concentration prevents or delays T2DM and cancer development, little is known how the vitamin affects cancer risk among T2DM patients. There is a pressing need for randomized clinical trials to clarify whether vitamin D deficiency may be a factor responsible for increased risk of cancer in T2DM patients, and whether the use of the vitamin by patients with diabetes and cancer may improve cancer prognosis and metabolic control of diabetes.

Download Full-text

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Is Homocysteine the Missing Link?

The American Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00904_17.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 102 (2) ◽

pp. 466-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jean Marc Phelip ◽

Xavier Roblin

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽

Missing Link

Download Full-text

Metformin and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Pancreas ◽

10.1097/mpa.0000000000001130 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (9) ◽

pp. e57-e59 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chin-Hsiao Tseng

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Pancreatic Cancer Risk

Download Full-text

Association of CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism with oral cancer risk in Asian populations: a meta-analysis

Genetics and Molecular Research ◽

10.4238/gmr.15027688 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J.L. Xu ◽

R. Xia ◽

L. Sun ◽

X. Min ◽

Z.H. Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Mspi Polymorphism ◽

Asian Populations ◽

Cyp1a1 Mspi ◽

Oral Cancer Risk

Download Full-text

Association of Bariatric Surgery With Cancer Incidence in Patients With Obesity and Diabetes: Long-term Results From the Swedish Obese Subjects Study

10.2337/figshare.16903630 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kajsa Sjöholm ◽

Lena MS Carlsson ◽

Per-Arne Svensson ◽

Johanna C. Andersson-Assarsson ◽

Felipe Kristensson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Diabetes Remission ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Obese Subjects

OBJECTIVE Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with serious, adverse health effects, including cancer. Although bariatric surgery has been shown to reduce cancer risk in patients with obesity, the effect of bariatric surgery on cancer risk in patients with obesity and diabetes is less studied. We therefore examined the long-term incidence of cancer after bariatric surgery and usual care in patients with obesity and diabetes in the matched prospective Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The SOS study examines long-term outcomes following bariatric surgery or usual care. The current analysis includes 701 patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes at baseline, 393 of which underwent bariatric surgery, and 308 who received conventional obesity treatment. Information on cancer events was obtained from the Swedish National Cancer Register. Median follow-up time was 21.3 years (interquartile range 17.6-24.8 years, maximum 30.7 years). RESULTS During follow-up, the incidence rate for first-time cancer was 9.1 per 1000-person-years (95% CI, 7.2-11.5) in patients with obesity and diabetes treated with bariatric surgery and 14.1 per 1000-person-years (95% CI, 11.2-17.7) in patients treated with usual obesity care (HRadj=0.63; 95% CI 0.44-0.89, p=0.008). Moreover, surgery was associated with reduced cancer incidence in women (HRadj=0.58; 0.38-0.90, p=0.016), although the sex-treatment interaction was non-significant (p=0.630). In addition, diabetes remission at the 10-year follow-up was associated with reduced cancer incidence (HRadj=0.40; 95% CI 0.22-0.74, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that bariatric surgery prevents cancer in patients with obesity and diabetes, and that durable diabetes remission is associated with reduced cancer risk.

Download Full-text