Predictors of neonatal adiposity and associations by fetal sex in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and normal glucose-tolerant women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benhalima K ◽  
De Landtsheer A ◽  
Van Crombrugge P ◽  
Moyson C ◽  
Verhaeghe J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerant ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerant ◽  
Neonatal Adiposity

scholarly journals Appropriate Timing of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis in Medium- and Low-Risk Women: Effectiveness of the Italian NHS Recommendations in Preventing Fetal Macrosomia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Paola Quaresima ◽  
Federica Visconti ◽  
Eusebio Chiefari ◽  
Maria Mirabelli ◽  
Massimo Borelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fetal Macrosomia ◽  
Selective Screening ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerant ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerant

Background. Screening strategies for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) earlier than 24-28 weeks of gestation should be considered to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. Nonetheless, there is uncertainty about which women would benefit most from early screening and which screening strategies should be offered to women with GDM. The Italian National Healthcare Service (NHS) recommendations on selective screening for GDM at 16-18 weeks of gestation are effective in preventing fetal macrosomia in high-risk (HR) women, but the appropriateness of timing and effectiveness of these recommendations in medium- (MR) and low-risk (LR) women are still controversial. Patients and Methods. We retrospectively enrolled 769 consecutive singleton pregnant women who underwent both anomaly scan at 19-21 weeks of gestation and screening for GDM at 16-18 and/or 24-28 weeks of gestation, in agreement with the NHS recommendations and risk stratification criteria. Comparison of maternal characteristics, fetal biometric parameters at anomaly scan (head circumference (HC), biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), estimated fetal weight (EFW)), and neonatal birth weight (BW) percentile among risk groups was examined. Results. 219 (28.5%) women were diagnosed with GDM, while 550 (71.5%) were normal glucose-tolerant women. Out of 164 HR women, only 62 (37.8%) underwent the recommended early screening for GDM at 16-18 weeks of gestation. AC and EFW percentiles, as well as neonates’ BW percentiles, were significantly higher in HR women diagnosed with GDM at 24-28 weeks of gestation with respect to normal glucose-tolerant women, as well as MR and LR women who tested positive for GDM. Comparative analysis between MR and LR women with GDM and women with normal glucose tolerance revealed significant differences in both AC and EFW percentiles (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in neonatal BW percentiles. Conclusion. In MR and LR women with GDM, a mild acceleration of fetal growth can be detected at the time of anomaly scan. However, in these at-risk categories, the NHS recommendations for screening and treatment of GDM at 24-28 weeks of gestation are still effective in normalizing BW and preventing fetal macrosomia, thus supporting a risk factor-based selective screening program for GDM.

scholarly journals Fetal Sex and Maternal Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Impact of Having a Boy

Diabetes Care ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Retnakaran ◽  
Caroline K. Kramer ◽  
Chang Ye ◽  
Simone Kew ◽  
Anthony J. Hanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Medical nutrition therapy for gestational diabetes mellitus based on Mediterranean Diet principles: a subanalysis of the St Carlos GDM Prevention Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Assaf-Balut ◽  
Nuria Garcia de la Torre ◽  
Alejandra Durán ◽  
Manuel Fuentes ◽  
Elena Bordiú ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Medical Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Prevention Study ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Medical Nutrition

ObjectivesTo assess whether Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet)-based medical nutrition therapy facilitates near-normoglycemia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDMw) and observe the effects on adverse pregnancy outcomes.Research design and methodsThis is a secondary analysis of the St Carlos GDM Prevention Study, conducted between January and December 2015 in Hospital Clínico San Carlos (Madrid, Spain). One thousand consecutive women with normoglycemia were included before 12 gestational weeks (GWs), with 874 included in the final analysis. Of these, 177 women were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 697 had normal glucose tolerance. All GDMw received MedDiet-based medical nutrition therapy with a recommended daily extra virgin olive oil intake ≥40 mL and a daily handful of nuts. The primary goal was comparison of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels at 36–38 GWs in GDMw and women with normal glucose tolerance (NGTw).ResultsGDMw as compared with NGTw had higher HbA1c levels at 24–28 GWs (5.1%±0.3% (32±0.9 mmol/mol) vs 4.9%±0.3% (30±0.9 mmol/mol), p=0.001). At 36–38 GWs values were similar between the groups. Similarly, fasting serum insulin and homeostatic model assessment insulin resitance (HOMA-IR) were higher in GDMw at 24–28 GWs (p=0.001) but became similar at 36–38 GWs. 26.6% of GDMw required insulin for glycemic control. GDMw compared with NGTw had higher rates of insufficient weight gain (39.5% vs 22.0%, p=0.001), small for gestational age (6.8% vs 2.6%, p=0.009), and neonatal intensive care unit admission (5.6% vs 1.7%, p=0.006). The rates of macrosomia, large for gestational age, pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders, prematurity and cesarean sections were comparable with NGTw.ConclusionsUsing a MedDiet-based medical nutrition therapy as part of GDM management is associated with achievement of near-normoglycemia, subsequently making most pregnancy outcomes similar to those of NGTw.

Perinatal Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus According to Fetal Sex

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Tundidor ◽  
Apolonia García-Patterson ◽  
Miguel A. María ◽  
Justa Ubeda ◽  
Gemma Ginovart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes

scholarly journals Expression Profile of Diabetes-Related Genes Associated with Leukocyte Sirtuin 1 Overexpression in Gestational Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Mac-Marcjanek ◽  
Andrzej Zieleniak ◽  
Monika Zurawska-Klis ◽  
Katarzyna Cypryk ◽  
Lucyna Wozniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Pcr Array ◽  
Array Analysis ◽  
Sirt1 Expression ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerant ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerant ◽  
Cellular Pathways

Although compelling evidence indicates that Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays a prominent role in type 2 diabetes, its relationship with gestational diabetes (GDM) remains elusive. This study was aimed at identifying diabetes-related genes and cellular pathways linked to changes of leukocyte SIRT1 expression at the time of GDM diagnosis. For this purpose, 122 GDM patients were screened for leukocyte SIRT1 expression, and two subgroups were distinguished, namely GDM/SIRT1(↑) (n = 30, p < 0.05) and GDM/SIRT1(↔) (n = 92, p > 0.05), with significant and insignificant changes in leukocyte SIRT1 expression compared to a normal glucose tolerant (NGT) group (n = 41), respectively. PCR array analysis identified 11 diabetes-related genes with at least a ± 2-fold difference in expression in GDM/SIRT1(↑) patients (n = 9) vs. NGT controls (n = 7); in addition, significant differences in the expression of four of the six investigated genes were confirmed between the entire GDM/SIRT1(↑) group and the whole NGT group (p < 0.05). Interestingly, of these four genes, only ACLY expression was found to significantly differ between GDM/SIRT1(↑) and GDM/SIRT1(↔). This study demonstrates that under hyperglycemic conditions, leukocyte SIRT1 overexpression is accompanied by an over-abundance of three transcripts and an under-abundance of another; these four govern related metabolism, inflammation, and transport functions, suggesting that such alterations might represent systemic biological adaptations with a unique ACLY under-expression in GDM/SIRT1(↑) women.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Profiles Reveal That ADCYAP1 Serves as Key Molecule in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xue Li ◽  
Wenhong Yang ◽  
Yanning Fang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Functional Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Abnormal Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Functional Principal Component ◽  
Differentially Methylated Genes ◽  
Normal Glucose

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to the condition which shows abnormal glucose metabolism that occurs during pregnancy, while normal glucose metabolism before pregnancy. In the present study, a novel analytical procedure was used to explore the key molecule of gestational diabetes mellitus. First, the weighted pathway model was carried out subsequently to eliminate the gene-overlapping effects among pathways. Second, we assessed the enriched pathways by a combination of Fisher’s t-test and the Mann–Whitney U test. We carried out the functional principal component analysis by estimating F values of genes to identify the hub genes in the enriched pathways. Results showed that a total of 4 differential pathways were enriched. The key pathway was considered as the insulin secretion pathway. F values of each gene in the key pathway were calculated. Three hub molecules were identified as hub differentially methylated genes, namely, CAMK2B, ADCYAP1, and KCNN2. In addition, by further comparing the gene expression data in a validation cohort, one key molecule was obtained, ADCYAP1. Therefore, ADCYAP1 may serve as a potential target for the treatment of GDM.

scholarly journals Lipid Profile and Clinical Characteristics of Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preeclampsia

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donovan McGrowder ◽  
Kevin Grant ◽  
Rachael Irving ◽  
Lorenzo Gordon ◽  
Tazhmoye Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Normal Glucose

Lipid Profile and Clinical Characteristics of Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preeclampsia Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension and other maternal and foetal complications of pregnancy. The aims of the study were to evaluate the serum lipid profile of women with GDM, and determine the number of women with GDM who have preeclampsia (PE). A retrospective study of 84 women with GDM and 90 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (controls) was conducted. Women with GDM had significantly higher parity (p=0.047), total cholesterol (p=0.039) and triglycerides (p=0.033), but non-significantly lower HDL-cholesterol (p=0.086) when compared to controls. Systolic blood pressure was significantly elevated in women with GDM coupled with PE (GDM-PE; p=0.015), the mean birth weight of infants born to women with GDM-PE was significantly lower than that of women with only GDM (p=0.025). Women with GDM-PE had significantly higher triglycerides (p=0.020), had to be more multi-gravida (p=0.047) with significantly elevated VLDL-cholesterol (p=0.037) when compared with women with only GDM. 11.9% of women with GDM had PE. On the basis of these findings, it can be concluded that GDM is associated with hyperlipidaemia as evident by the significantly elevated total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Women with dyslipidaemia and GDM are at risk of developing preeclampsia. It is imperative that blood lipids be evaluated in women with GDM during antenatal care as it would be helpful in the early detection and treatment of PE.

scholarly journals High levels of maternal total tri-iodothyronine, and low levels of fetal free L-thyroxine and total tri-iodothyronine, are associated with altered deiodinase expression and activity in placenta with gestational diabetes mellitus

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242743
Author(s):  
Sebastián Gutiérrez-Vega ◽  
Axel Armella ◽  
Daniela Mennickent ◽  
Marco Loyola ◽  
Ambart Covarrubias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Expression And Activity

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is characterized by abnormal maternal D-glucose metabolism and altered insulin signaling. Dysregulation of thyroid hormones (TH) tri-iodethyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4) Hormones had been associated with GDM, but the physiopathological meaning of these alterations is still unclear. Maternal TH cross the placenta through TH Transporters and their Deiodinases metabolize them to regulate fetal TH levels. Currently, the metabolism of TH in placentas with GDM is unknown, and there are no other studies that evaluate the fetal TH from pregnancies with GDM. Therefore, we evaluated the levels of maternal TH during pregnancy, and fetal TH at delivery, and the expression and activity of placental deiodinases from GDM pregnancies. Pregnant women were followed through pregnancy until delivery. We collected blood samples during 10–14, 24–28, and 36–40 weeks of gestation for measure Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Free T4 (FT4), Total T4 (TT4), and Total T3 (TT3) concentrations from Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT) and GDM mothers. Moreover, we measure fetal TSH, FT4, TT4, and TT3 in total blood cord at the delivery. Also, we measured the placental expression of Deiodinases by RT-PCR, western-blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The activity of Deiodinases was estimated quantified rT3 and T3 using T4 as a substrate. Mothers with GDM showed higher levels of TT3 during all pregnancy, and an increased in TSH during second and third trimester, while lower concentrations of neonatal TT4, FT4, and TT3; and an increased TSH level in umbilical cord blood from GDM. Placentae from GDM mothers have a higher expression and activity of Deiodinase 3, but lower Deiodinase 2, than NGT mothers. In conclusion, GDM favors high levels of TT3 during all gestation in the mother, low levels in TT4, FT4 and TT3 at the delivery in neonates, and increases deiodinase 3, but reduce deiodinase 2 expression and activity in the placenta.

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