scholarly journals Vascular endothelial growth factor regulates germ cell survival during establishment of spermatogenesis in the bovine testis

Reproduction ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle C Caires ◽  
Jeanene de Avila ◽  
Derek J McLean
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Testis Tissue

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) is a hypoxia-inducible peptide essential for angiogenesis and targets nonvascular cells in a variety of tissues and cell types. The objective of the current study was to determine the function of VEGF during testis development in bulls. We used an explant tissue culture and treatment approach to test the hypothesis that VEGFA-164 could regulate the biological activity of bovine germ cells. We demonstrate that VEGFA, KDR, and FLT1 proteins are expressed in germ and somatic cells in the bovine testis. Treatment of bovine testis tissue with VEGFA in vitro resulted in significantly more germ cells following 5 days of culture when compared with controls. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis determined that VEGF treatment stimulated an intracellular response that prevents germ cell death in bovine testis tissue explants, as indicated by increased expression of BCL2 relative to BAX and decreased expression of BNIP3 at 3, 6, and 24 h during culture. Blocking VEGF activity in vitro using antisera against KDR and VEGF significantly reduced the number of germ cells in VEGF-treated testis tissue to control levels at 120 h. Testis grafting provided in vivo evidence that bovine testis tissue treated with VEGFA for 5 days in culture contained significantly more differentiating germ cells compared with controls. These findings support the conclusion that VEGF supports germ cell survival and sperm production in bulls.

scholarly journals Vascular endothelial growth factor A: just one of multiple mechanisms for sex-specific vascular development within the testis?

2015 ◽  
Vol 227 (2) ◽  
pp. R31-R50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M Sargent ◽  
Renee M McFee ◽  
Renata Spuri Gomes ◽  
Andrea S Cupp
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Vascular Development ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Testis Development ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Testis development from an indifferent gonad is a critical step in embryogenesis. A hallmark of testis differentiation is sex-specific vascularization that occurs as endothelial cells migrate from the adjacent mesonephros into the testis to surround Sertoli-germ cell aggregates and induce seminiferous cord formation. Manyin vitroexperiments have demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is a critical regulator of this process. Both inhibitors to VEGFA signal transduction and excess VEGFA isoforms in testis organ cultures impaired vascular development and seminiferous cord formation. However,in vivomodels using mice which selectively eliminated all VEGFA isoforms: in Sertoli and germ cells (pDmrt1-Cre;Vegfa−/−); Sertoli and Leydig cells (Amhr2-Cre;Vegfa−/−) or Sertoli cells (Amh-Cre;Vegfa−/−andSry-Cre;Vegfa−/−) displayed testes with observably normal cords and vasculature at postnatal day 0 and onwards. Embryonic testis development may be delayed in these mice; however, the postnatal data indicate that VEGFA isoforms secreted from Sertoli, Leydig or germ cells are not required for testis morphogenesis within the mouse. AVegfasignal transduction array was employed on postnatal testes fromSry-Cre;Vegfa−/−versus controls.Ptgs1(Cox1) was the only upregulated gene (fivefold). COX1 stimulates angiogenesis and upregulates, VEGFA, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGD2. Thus, other gene pathways may compensate for VEGFA loss, similar to multiple independent mechanisms to maintain SOX9 expression. Multiple independent mechanism that induce vascular development in the testis may contribute to and safeguard the sex-specific vasculature development responsible for inducing seminiferous cord formation, thus ensuring appropriate testis morphogenesis in the male.

scholarly journals Porcine ovarian cortex-derived putative stem cells can differentiate into endothelial cells in vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Wartalski ◽  
Gabriela Gorczyca ◽  
Jerzy Wiater ◽  
Zbigniew Tabarowski ◽  
Małgorzata Duda
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Ovarian Cortex ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

AbstractEndothelial cells (ECs), the primary component of the vasculature, play a crucial role in neovascularization. However, the number of endogenous ECs is inadequate for both experimental purposes and clinical applications. Porcine ovarian putative stem cells (poPSCs), although not pluripotent, are characterized by great plasticity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether poPSCs have the potential to differentiate into cells of endothelial lineage. poPSCs were immunomagnetically isolated from postnatal pig ovaries based on the presence of SSEA-4 protein. Expression of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) markers after pre-culture, both at the level of mRNA: ITGB1, THY, and ENG and corresponding protein: CD29, CD90, and CD105 were significantly higher compared to the control ovarian cortex cells. To differentiate poPSCs into ECs, inducing medium containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), ascorbic acid, and heparin was applied. After 14 days, poPSC differentiation into ECs was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining for vascular endothelial cadherin (VECad) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Semi-quantitative WB analysis of these proteins confirmed their high abundance. Additionally, qRT-PCR showed that mRNA expression of corresponding marker genes: CDH5, KDR was significantly higher compared with undifferentiated poPSCs. Finally, EC functional status was confirmed by the migration test that revealed that they were capable of positive chemotaxis, while tube formation assay demonstrated their ability to develop capillary networks. In conclusion, our results provided evidence that poPSCs may constitute the MSC population in the ovary and confirmed that they might be a potential source of ECs for tissue engineering.

Evaluation of vascular endothelial growth factor addition in vitro on mouse inner ear progenitor cell cultures

Neuroreport ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 1369-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juergen-Theodor Fraenzer ◽  
Frank-Peter Wachs ◽  
Otto Gleich ◽  
Anna-Katharina Licht ◽  
J??rgen Strutz
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Bacteria-induced release of white cell- and platelet-derived vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Nielsen ◽  
K. Werther ◽  
T. Mynster ◽  
M. N. Svendsen ◽  
S. Rosendahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
White Cell ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor
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