Aportes de la Tradición Jurídica Anglosajona al derecho de contratos de tendencia global
<span style="color: #8e8e99; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">Desde la antiguedad misma se ha reconocido que el orden público y las buenas costumbres son nociones que imponen límites a la libertad de los negociantes; igualmente se ha reconocido que se trata de nociones legalmente indefinidas y, por lo tanto, de contenido variable, dependiento de la interpretación jurisprudencial que el respectivo operador jurídico haga en cada momento histórico. En la presente épocala jurisprudencia estatal ha sido la gran insporadora de interpretaciones que incorporan postulados acordes con la era global, estableciendo un contenido material que los Estados deberán respetar para lograr los objetivos transnacionales de lo jurídico, entre otros, el de establecer una base uniforme de reglas de juego económicas, que no deben ser ajenas a un imperativo universal de justicia en materia contractual.</span>
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">PTS adalah penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Kepala Sekolah atau Pengawas Sekolah. Fokus penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Kepala Sekolah sekitar supervisi klinis, menyangkut aspek akademik seperti proses pembelajaran yang diselenggarakan oleh guru-guru.Pelaksanaan PTS mirip dengan PTK, yaitu bermula dari permasalahan akademik dalam ruang lingkup supervisi klinis, yang membutuhkan segera pemecahan. Dari permasalahan tersebut disusun perencanaan, termasuk di dalamnya alternatif pemecahan masalahnya dan penyiapan berbagai instrumen pengumpul data yang diperlukan. Kemudian dilakukan tindakan, sesuai rencana yang telah ditetapkan pada bagian perencanaan. Ketika dilakukan tindakan dilakukan pula observasi menggunakan instrumen-instrumen yang telah disiapkan ketika perencanaan dilakukan.Setelah dilakukan tindakan yang diobservasi selanjutnya diadakan refleksi, yaitu diskusi antara pelaku tindakan (guru/kepala sekolah), observer, dan kepala msekolah atau pengawas sekolah, untuk melakukan evaluasi, bagian mana yang sudah memenuhi harapan, mana yang belum, dan apakah masih perlu dilakukan tindakan berikutnya. Apabila masih dipandang perlu untuk dilakukan tindakan berikutnya maka hasil refleksi direvisi untuk bahan pelaksanaan tindakan berikutnya, dan begitu seterusnya secara berulang-ulang, sampai diperoleh hasil yang maksimal sesuai harapan.<strong></strong></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Kata Kunci: Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah, Konsep PTS, Implementasi PTS</strong></p>
<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Studies in a number of countries have shown that wherever inappropraite waste disposal morbidity and mortality rates are high. Although latrine coverage is an important indicator for measuring success of the health service program; data on latrine coverage scarce in the study area. Objective: To investigate latrine coverage and associated factors in among households of Debretabor town, Amhara region, Ethiopia.<span> </span></span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Debretabor town from September 1-30, 2013. A total of 422 households were included in the study using systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Degree of association between independent and dependent variables was assessed with a 95% confidence level and p-value less than 0.05 was used to detect statistical significance. Result: In this study. Ninety three point five percent of households have latrine. Graduated as model family was predictor for availability of latrine (AOR= 3.18,). Income and house ownership were also found to be predictors for availability of latrine (AOR=3.70), (AOR=8.46), respectively. Educational status of respondents was found to be predictors for availability of latrine (AOR= 2.65). Conclusion: latrine coverage was relatively lower from the national target of 100%, still there are households that use open defication. Educational status, house owner shipe, income and graduated as model family were main factors affecting latrine availability. Improving socio economic status of households, provision of continuous advice and technical support at household level on the availability of latrine are recommended.</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability with high economic </span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">and public health consequences. The study objective is to determine the </span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">association between sleeping habits and occurrence of lowback pain </span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">among craftsmen in Owerri. From April to May, 2012, a cross-sectional </span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">survey of randomly selected 500 craft workers was done. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and selected lifestyle were collected using an interviewer semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using descriptive, inferential statistics of chi square and multiple </span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">regressions. The findings of multiple regression analyses showed respondents who sleep on soft/saggy surface were almost 5 times more </span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">likely to develop LBP independently compared to those with relatively </span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">firm/hard surface (OR = 4.56; CI = 2.62 - 7.94; p = 0.001). Craftsmen</span><br style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" /><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">with unsteady sleeping posture were twice likely to develop LBP (OR=2.10, CI = 1.04 - 4.25, p<0.001). Longitudinal study is warranted </span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">to further explore the relationship between sleep habits and lowback pain.</span>
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">Partiendo del concepto de economía popular, este trabajo pretende acercar al lector a la cotidianidad de los vendedores y vendedoras ambulantes josefios, esbozando el ambiente de la venta ambulante y defiiendo las estructuras organizadas alrededor de esta actividad. La convivencia, la recolección <span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">de relatos y una revisión de su memoria histórica permitieron concluir que las ventas ambulantes no son <span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">solamente una alternativa de sustento ante las condiciones excluyentes de la formalidad. Es un ofiio heredado que se disfruta muchas veces y permanece a pesar de las duras circunstancias en las calles del San <span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">José caóticamente ordenado.</span></span></span><br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" /></span>
<span style="font: 13px/normal verdana, arial; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia inovadora para estimação da demanda por educação. Além disso, ele estima, em seção transversal, as demandas agregadas pelos cursos existentes na UFBa a partir da base de dados do Vestibular para os anos de 1993 a 2001(exceto os anos de 1996, 1999 e 2000). Para isto, desenvolvem-se modelos de estimação do custo de oportunidade e de renda vitalícia do aluno. Esta última pode ser interpretada como o estoque de capital humano do indivíduo com educação superior na Região Metropolitana de Salvador. Os modelos estimados apresentam um poder de explicação excepcionalmente alto, com especial destaque para a renda vitalícia, que explica mais de 80% da variabilidade da demanda. Isto demonstra a viabilidade de se utilizar o número de matrículas como<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><em style="color: #000000; text-transform: none; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: verdana, arial; font-size: 13px; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">proxy</em><span style="font: 13px/normal verdana, arial; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">para o estoque de capital humano em modelos de crescimento econômico, como é usual na literatura de<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><em style="color: #000000; text-transform: none; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: verdana, arial; font-size: 13px; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">growth</em><span style="font: 13px/normal verdana, arial; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><em style="color: #000000; text-transform: none; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: verdana, arial; font-size: 13px; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">accounting</em><span style="font: 13px/normal verdana, arial; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">. Outros resultados são apresentados, como as elasticidades da demanda e a taxa marginal de substituição entre o custo de oportunidade e a renda vitalícia.</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in adults in both the</span><br style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" /><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">United States and Argentina. Scientific literature has consistently shown the effects of behaviors and risk factors on cardiovascular health; however, few have investigated cardiovascular behaviors and risk factors in early adulthood. We assessed the associations between main cardiovascular behaviors and cardiovascular risk factors among 594 young adults in a crosscultural analysis between the United States </span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">and Argentina through a webbased survey and vital statistics measurements. We tested our data through principle component analysis, bivariate correlations, and independent sample T-tests.After thorough analysis we saw that, cross culturally, correlations exist between cardiovascular risk factors and behaviors that are consistent in both populations. Health habit, health knowledge, health history and BMI are all significantly correlated with mean arterial pressure. T-tests showed that population groups with a higher risk factor mean also had lower behavior means, indicating that populations with poor cardiovascular behaviors correlate with an accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors. In conclusion, young adults with low prevalence of cardiovascular health behaviors have low prevalence of cardiovascular health risk factors.</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability with high economic </span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">and public health consequences. The study objective is to determine the </span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">association between sleeping habits and occurrence of lowback pain </span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">among craftsmen in Owerri. From April to May, 2012, a cross-sectional </span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">survey of randomly selected 500 craft workers was done. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and selected lifestyle were collected using an interviewer semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using descriptive, inferential statistics of chi square and multiple </span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">regressions. The findings of multiple regression analyses showed respondents who sleep on soft/saggy surface were almost 5 times more </span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">likely to develop LBP independently compared to those with relatively </span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">firm/hard surface (OR = 4.56; CI = 2.62 - 7.94; p = 0.001). Craftsmen</span><br style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" /><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">with unsteady sleeping posture were twice likely to develop LBP (OR=2.10, CI = 1.04 - 4.25, p<0.001). Longitudinal study is warranted </span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">to further explore the relationship between sleep habits and lowback pain.</span>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk mengetahui seberapa besar<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dengan penggunaan model pembelajaran<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> kooperatif Tipe Kepala Bernomor Terstruktur pada mata pelajaran Mekanika<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> Teknik kelas X Teknik Sipil SMK Negeri 5 Surakarta tahun ajaran 2015/2016, (2)<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> Untuk mengetahui seberapa besar peningkatan keaktifan siswa dengan<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Kepala Bernomor Terstruktur<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> pada mata pelajaran Mekanika Teknik kelas X Teknik Sipil SMK Negeri 5<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> Surakarta tahun ajaran 2015/2016.<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) penerapan model pembelajaran<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> kooperatif tipe kepala bernomor terstruktur dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> siswa. Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dapat dilihat dari persentase ketuntasan<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> hasil belajar ranah kognitif, ranah afektif dan ranah psikomotorik. Persentase<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> ketuntasan hasil belajar ranah kognitif pra siklus sebesar 68,75%, siklus I sebesar<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> 71,875% dan siklus II sebesar 81,25%. Persentase ketuntasan hasil belajar ranah<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> afektif pra siklus sebesar 25%, siklus I sebesar 62,5% dan siklus II sebesar<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> 81,25%. Persentase ketuntasan hasil belajar ranah psikomotorik pra siklus sebesar<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> 28,125%, siklus I sebesar 71,875% dan siklus II sebesar 84,375%; 2) penerapan<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe kepala bernomor terstruktur dapat<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> meningkatkan keaktifan siswa. Peningkatan keaktifan siswa dapat dilihat dari<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> kenaikan pencapaian predikat aktivitas siswa. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe kepala bernomor terstruktur dapat<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> meningkatkan hasil belajar dan keaktifan siswa kelas X Teknik Sipil C (X TSC)<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> SMK Negeri 5 Surakarta pada mata pelajaran Mekanika Teknik.<br /><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Kata kunci </strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">: Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif</span><br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">Konstrukcja planu fiansowego dla gospodarstwa domowego wymaga wzięcia pod uwagę wielu<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> czynników ryzyka, które determinują kształtowanie przyszłej ścieżki dochodów i wydatków gospodarstwa<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> domowego. Czynniki te mogą mieć bardzo różną naturę, a także bardzo zróżnicowany wpływ na strukturę <span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">przepływów fiansowych. W literaturze brakuje jednak propozycji zintegrowanego pomiaru ryzyka, który<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> umożliwiłby porównanie planów fiansowych pod względem łącznego ryzyka ich realizacji. Celem artykułu<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> jest zaproponowanie metod pomiaru ryzyka planu fiansowego w sposób zintegrowany. W podejściu tym<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> integracja powinna obejmować różne rodzaje ryzyka, wszystkie cele fiansowe gospodarstwa domowego,<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> wszystkie sposoby fiansowania oraz wszystkie okresy w cyklu życia gospodarstwa domowego. Zaproponowane oryginalne podejście pozwala nie tylko na porównanie planów fiansowych między sobą ze<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> względu na poziom ryzyka, ale również tworzy narzędzie do podejmowania decyzji o akceptacji planu.<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> Zintegrowane miary ryzyka mogą też być wykorzystane w samym procesie optymalizacji. Poza tym mogą<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> stanowić ograniczenie lub wręcz element funkcji celu w procedurze optymalizacyjnej.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" /></span></span></span><br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" /></span>