scholarly journals Aprendizaje con herramientas TIC: un nuevo desafío en tiempos de COVID-19, en estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Sede Región Chorotega

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-153
Author(s):  
Carlos Luis Chanto Espinoza ◽  
Jorge Luis Loáiciga Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Aprendizaje Informal

En el ámbito de la investigación, el proceso de enseñanza en tiempos de pandemia ha tenido una transformación mundial, estableciéndose como eje esencial el apoyo de herramientas virtuales. El proceso de la enseñanza, apoyado de las Tecnologías de Información y la Comunicación (TIC)3, ha traspasado en todos los contornos y en múltiples horizontes educativos, desde el aprendizaje informal hasta el formal. El objetivo de este artículo fue conocer el aprendizaje con herramientas TIC y el nivel de percepción en torno a la realización de cursos en modalidad virtual frente a la pandemia del COVID-19. Para lograrlo se realizó un estudio cuantitativo con una muestra de 115 estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (UNA), Sede Región Chorotega, mediante una técnica de muestreo, no probabilística, por conveniencia con un estudio descriptivo y explicativo. Las conclusiones de este análisis muestran un nivel aceptable en el aprendizaje con herramientas TIC y una adaptabilidad a la virtualidad, en cuanto al estudio del aprendizaje de los educandos en balance con el modelo tradicional o de enseñanza presencial. Además, no resulta sencilla su integración en un entorno virtual colaborativo.

scholarly journals Herramientas asociadas al aprendizaje informal: oportunidades para potenciar los entornos personales de aprendizaje de estudiantes universitarios en tiempos de pandemia

PUBLICACIONES ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-256
Author(s):  
José Antonio García-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Sobre Todo ◽  
Aprendizaje Informal ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios

Los aprendizajes informales están cobrando relevancia para la adquisición de habilidades valiosas profesionalmente. En este sentido, las TIC, en general, y la construcción de un entorno personal de aprendizaje (PLE), en particular, se convierten en aliados favorables a tal fin. Sobre todo, han resultado claves en la situación de pandemia que ha obligado al cierre de las instituciones de educación formal en todo el planeta. El presente estudio tiene el objetivo de analizar qué herramientas utilizan los estudiantes para buscar información, crear contenido y compartir e interactuar en los ambientes informales. La metodología responde a un enfoque cuantitativo, bajo un diseño no experimental y transaccional. Se aplica un cuestionario a una muestra probabilística estratificada (n=1187) compuesta por estudiantes universitarios de las diferentes carreras de la Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica). Los principales hallazgos apuntan a que la búsqueda y gestión de información, junto con las herramientas para compartir e interactuar, son los componentes que emplean un mayor número de recursos digitales, siendo utilizadas las TIC en menor medida en las actividades relativas a la creación de contenido. Se han detectado diferencias entre grupos en cuanto al uso de herramientas en función de las variables sexo, edad y área de estudio. Se recomienda, por tanto, que las universidades implanten nuevas metodologías e impulsen estrategias más eficaces que permitan concienciar acerca de la relevancia del aprendizaje con tecnología, así como reconocer los aportes de los aprendizajes informales complementarios a la educación formal. La combinación de ambos aspectos facilitará el aprendizaje continuo y permanente para la adquisición de habilidades profesionales, sobre todo en el marco de las limitaciones y exigencias derivadas de la situación de pandemia mundial provocada por el COVID-19.

Identification of Maize Rayado Fino Virus by Immunoelectron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Far North ◽  
Maize Rayado Fino Virus ◽  
Antibody Coating

Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) causes a severe disease of corn (Zea mays) in many locations throughout the neotropics and as far north as southern U.S. MRFV particles detected by direct electron microscopy of negatively stained sap from infected leaves are not necessarily distinguishable from many other small isometric viruses infecting plants (Fig. 1).Immunosorbent trapping of virus particles on antibody-coated grids and the antibody coating or decoration of trapped virus particles, was used to confirm the identification of MRFV. Antiserum to MRFV was supplied by R. Gamez (Centro de Investigacion en Biologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria, Costa Rica).Virus particles, appearing as a continuous lawn, were trapped on grids coated with MRFV antiserum (Fig. 2-4). In contrast, virus particles were infrequently found on grids not exposed to antiserum or grids coated with normal rabbit serum (similar to Fig. 1). In Fig. 3, the appearance of the virus particles (isometric morphology, 30 nm diameter, stain penetration of some particles, and morphological subunits in other particles) is characteristic of negatively stained MRFV particles. Decoration or coating of these particles with MRFV antiserum confirms their identification as MRFV (Fig. 4).

Social representations of human rights violations: Further evidence

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Clémence ◽  
Thierry Devos ◽  
Willem Doise
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Individual Actions

Social representations of human rights violations were investigated in a questionnaire study conducted in five countries (Costa Rica, France, Italy, Romania, and Switzerland) (N = 1239 young people). We were able to show that respondents organize their understanding of human rights violations in similar ways across nations. At the same time, systematic variations characterized opinions about human rights violations, and the structure of these variations was similar across national contexts. Differences in definitions of human rights violations were identified by a cluster analysis. A broader definition was related to critical attitudes toward governmental and institutional abuses of power, whereas a more restricted definition was rooted in a fatalistic conception of social reality, approval of social regulations, and greater tolerance for institutional infringements of privacy. An atypical definition was anchored either in a strong rejection of social regulations or in a strong condemnation of immoral individual actions linked with a high tolerance for governmental interference. These findings support the idea that contrasting definitions of human rights coexist and that these definitions are underpinned by a set of beliefs regarding the relationships between individuals and institutions.

Prevalence and geographic distribution of haemophilia in Costa Rica

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S28-S31 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Arroyo ◽  
L. Salazar-Sánchez ◽  
G. Jiménez-Cruz ◽  
P. Chaverri ◽  
E. Arrieta-Bolaños ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Many ◽  
Low Prevalence

SummaryHaemophilia is the most frequent hereditary haemorrhagic illness and it is due to the deficiency of coagulation factors VIII (haemophilia A, HA) or IX (haemophilia B, HB).The prevalence of this disease varies according to the country, those having better survival rates having also higher prevalences. Specifically in Costa Rica, there are around 130 HA and 30 HB families. This study reports the prevalence and a spatial distribution analysis of both types of the disease in this country. The prevalence of haemophilia in this country is 7 cases per 100 000 men, for HA it is 6 cases per 100 000 and for HB it is 1 case per 100 000 male inhabitants. The prevalence of this disease is low when compared with other populations. This low prevalence could be due to the many patients that have died because of infection with human immunodeficiency virus during the 1980s. The prevalence of haemophilia in Costa Rica is almost one half of that present in developed countries. Nevertheless, the ratio between HA and HB follows world tendency: 5 : 1. In this study, nationwide geographical distribution maps were drawn in order to visualize the origin of severe cases and how this influences the pattern of distribution for both types of haemophilia. By means of these maps, it was possible to state that there is no association between the sites of maximum prevalence of mutated alleles and ethnicity. With this study, haemophilia prevalence distribution maps can be used to improve efforts for the establishment of hemophilia clinics or specialized health centers in those areas which hold the highest prevalences in this country. Also, this knowledge can be applied to improve treatment skills and offer the possibility of developing focused genetic counseling for these populations.

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