scholarly journals INTERACTION OF SCIENCE AND PRACTICE IN THE PROTECTION OF TAIGA FORESTS OF KRASNOYARSK KRAI: THE OUTBREAK OF THE SIBERIAN MOTH IN THE LATE 1960s

Author(s):  
Yu. N. Baranchikov
Author(s):  
Н.И. Лямцев

Прогноз угрозы массовых размножений сибирского шелкопряда Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetverikov (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) осуществляется на основе оценки их периодичности (частоты), пороговой плотности популяции и благоприятности (степени засушливости) погоды. Приведены оценки этих показателей по литературным данным и материалам лесопатологического мониторинга для лесов Красноярского края. Проведен их анализ и предложены методы, модели и алгоритмы прогнозирования угрозы массовых размножений. Наиболее информативными являются многолетние данные мониторинга численности насекомого (фазовый портрет динамики популяции), которые позволяют оценивать степень угрозы по текущему положению плотности популяции и коэффициента размножения относительно пороговой численности (5 гусениц/дерево). Использованы данные и фазовая траектория динамики численности сибирского шелкопряда в 1955 1972 гг. При отсутствии фазовых портретов угрозу следует прогнозировать по ретроспективным данным динамики площадей очагов сибирского шелкопряда (1962 2017 гг.). Сопоставляя среднюю периодичность образования очагов (11 лет в наиболее благоприятных для насекомого условиях) и продолжительность межочагового периода (5 лет) с текущими оценками этих показателей, можно определить время (год) появления угрозы. Уровень угрозы устанавливается по степени превышения показателями средних оценок. Для начала массового размножения кроме достижения пороговой численности необходимо наличие засушливой погоды. Вероятность такой погоды в темнохвойных южнотаежных лесах Красноярского края 20, а в период развития двух смежных поколений шелкопряда около 9. Очаги образуются в основном на пике или сразу после пика солнечной активности. Полученные результаты позволяют обеспечивать более точный и заблаговременный прогноз угрозы массового размножения за счет более полного использования и интеграции информации. Forecast of Siberian moth (Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetverikov (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) mass reproduction risk is based on its recurrence (frequency), population threshold density, and favourable weather conditions (drought rate). The paper presents an assessment of these indicators based on literature data and forest pathology monitoring of the Krasnoyarsk Krai forests. The analysis resulted in proposed procedures, models, and algorithms to forecast the risk of mass reproduction. The most comprehensive are the multiyear data on insect population monitoring (population dynamics phase pattern) that enable risk rate assessment based on available population density and reproduction coefficient in relation to the threshold density (5 caterpillars per tree). Such data and population stage curve of Siberian moth during 1955 1972 were used for the analysis. With the lack of the phase patterns, risk prediction should be based on retrospective data (1962 2017) on Siberian moth outbreak area dynamics. Comparison of average frequency of outbreak development (11 years provided the most favourable conditions for the insect) and the duration of the period between outbreaks (5 years) with the current data on these indicators enables identification of risk occurrence timing (year). Risk rate is based on the indicators excess over the mean assessment values. For the mass outbreak start, in addition to the threshold population density, dry weather is essential. The chance of such weather conditions in dark coniferous south taiga forests of the Krasnoyarsk Krai is 20, and during the development of two succeeding moth generations is around 9. Outbreaks mostly develop at the peak of solar activity or right afterwards. Our results enable to ensure the most accurate and timely mass reproduction forecast due to comprehensive application and integration of information.


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-720
Author(s):  
E.V. Lobkova ◽  
A.S. Petrichenko

Subject. This article studies the mechanism of State health regulation and methods of management of efficiency of regional healthcare institutions. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the territorial health system in the context of the urgent need to optimize budget expenditures and address public health problems, as well as develop directions to improve the effectiveness of the regional health system of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. Methods. For the study, we used the method of index numbers and calculation of dynamics indicators using official statistics data. Results. We have developed and now present a system of indicators of regional health efficiency assessment, focused mainly on public health indicators and quality of medical services. We also offer our own version of the Luenberger observer modification adapted to the objectives of the regional health system analysis. Conclusions and Relevance. The article concludes that it is necessary to optimize the regional health system using the parameters of medical and social efficiency of the system. The proposed approach to assessing the effectiveness of regional health system can be used as a mechanism to develop recommendations for the management of the network of medical and prophylactic institutions of the region.


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1297-1314
Author(s):  
T.A. Loginova

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the taxation for multi-component complex ores and commercial components using ad valorem and specific mineral extraction tax (MET) rates. Objectives. The article aims to assess some results of the application of specific MET rates in the Krasnoyarsk Krai and ad valorem rates in other subjects of the Russian Federation, taking into account the specifics of the current taxation procedure for multi-component complex ores and their commercial components. Methods. For the study, I used a comparative analysis, synthesis, and the method of extrapolation. Results. The article shows that the change in the type of MET rate for multi-component complex ores and commercial components has led to a significant increase in the effective tax rate. This led to an increase in the corresponding MET revenues in the Krasnoyarsk Krai. The article also substantiates that the introduction of specific rates in other Russian regions requires a significant differentiation of specific MET rates. However, this is risk-bearing concerning unfair distribution of the tax burden and the complexity of tax administration. Conclusions. The issue of identifying multi-component complex ores and their commercial components is controversial. Extending specific MET rates to other regions may complicate the mechanism of rent extraction.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-651
Author(s):  
V.V. Zozulya ◽  
I.S. Goryunova ◽  
I.V. Zozulya

Subject. The article discusses the prospects for the development of the Krasnoyarsk Krai and the implementation of the import substitution programme. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the tax potential of the Krasnoyarsk Krai, highlight the main problems, and identify possible directions for further development of the Krai. Methods. For the study, we used systems and institutional approaches, the methods of statistical and comparative analyses, and data tabular and graphic visualization. Results. The article identifies the main obstacles to the sustainable development of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. Conclusions. The Krasnoyarsk Krai has a strong economic and resource potential for further development, which is not being implemented properly.


2009 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 276-291
Author(s):  
Z. M. Shajachmetova

900 samples of epiphyte lichens were collected in the north-western and central parts of Perm Region. As a result of their identification and revision of published sources, a list of 203 species of epiphyte lichens was made.


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