scholarly journals Identification of some fiber characteristics in Rosa sp. and Nerium oleander L. wood grown under different ecological conditions

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 5862-5874
Author(s):  
Nurcan Yigit ◽  
Zuhal Mutevelli ◽  
Hakan Sevik ◽  
Saadettin Murat Onat ◽  
Halil Baris Ozel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Climate Type ◽  
Species Type ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rosa Species

Climate-dependent changes in wood anatomical characteristics were studied for Rosa sp. and Nerium oleander sp. grown in phytosociological areas. For this purpose, wood samples were taken from the individual wood species grown in Antalya, Eskisehir, and Kastamonu provenances, where Terrestrial, Black Sea, and Mediterranean climate types prevail, and 11 anatomical characters were identified or calculated. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the climate has large effects on the characteristics that are the subject of the study and that each characteristic is at a higher level in individuals grown in areas where different climate types prevail. The highest values in Rosa species were obtained in the individuals grown under Terrestrial climate type in all characteristics except for LW (lumen widths), EC (elasticity coefficients), and FF (F-Factors.) Whereas in Nerium oleander, the highest values were obtained in individuals grown in the Mediterranean climate type in FL (fibre lengths), LW (lumen widths), FR (felting ratios), and EC (elasticity coefficients). For the same species type, in the Terrestrial climate, RIJID (rigidity coefficients), MUHT (Muhlstep ratios), and RUNK (Runkel ratios), and in the Black Sea climate DWT (double wall thicknesses) and WT (wall thicknesses) characteristics had high values.

scholarly journals Effects of the Climate on the Students' Recreational Activities Who Comes from Different Climate Types

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Tahsin YILMAZ ◽  
Rifat OLGUN ◽  
Derya ATLI
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
University Education ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Climate Type ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
University Life ◽  
Continental Climate

Turkey has a large surface area with different topographic features. For this reason, there are regionally climate types (mediterranean climate, black sea climate and continental climate) that are affected by the natural structure of the regions. The climatic elements (temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind, etc.) that are manifested by these climate types are the most effective environmental factors on the recreational activities of the individuals living in the region. Therefore, the recreational activities preferred by the individuals differ according to the climatic characteristics of the region where they live in. The university life is an important period in the formation of the personalities of individuals and in the acquisition of habits that will continue for years. The recreational activities preferred in this period have an important effect on many aspects of the life of the students. University students go to cities where have different natural and cultural characteristics from the city they live in to continue their university education and they live there. The recreational activities preferences of university students may differ according to the characteristics of the region. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of climate on recreational activities preferred by university students who come from different regions for get a university education. In this context, the data is gathered by applying the questionnaire on coincidentally selected 174 students who are studying at Akdeniz University. The data was analysed via SPSS statistical analyse package software. During the evaluation of the data were used descriptive statistical methods such as Percentage (%) and frequency (f). These outcomes demonstrate that the climate factor of the region has an important effect on the recreational activities preferred by university students from regions with different climate types. It has been reached that the recreational activities of students who come from the continental climate and the Black Sea climate types are affected positively in the study area where dominant climate type is Mediterranean climate and that the individuals from this climate type prefer the outdoor recreational activities.

scholarly journals Effects of the Climate on the Students' Recreational Activities Who Comes from Different Climate Types

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Tahsin YILMAZ ◽  
Rifat OLGUN ◽  
Derya ATLI
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
University Education ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Climate Type ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
University Life ◽  
Continental Climate

Turkey has a large surface area with different topographic features. For this reason, there are regionally climate types (mediterranean climate, black sea climate and continental climate) that are affected by the natural structure of the regions. The climatic elements (temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind, etc.) that are manifested by these climate types are the most effective environmental factors on the recreational activities of the individuals living in the region. Therefore, the recreational activities preferred by the individuals differ according to the climatic characteristics of the region where they live in. The university life is an important period in the formation of the personalities of individuals and in the acquisition of habits that will continue for years. The recreational activities preferred in this period have an important effect on many aspects of the life of the students. University students go to cities where have different natural and cultural characteristics from the city they live in to continue their university education and they live there. The recreational activities preferences of university students may differ according to the characteristics of the region. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of climate on recreational activities preferred by university students who come from different regions for get a university education. In this context, the data is gathered by applying the questionnaire on coincidentally selected 174 students who are studying at Akdeniz University. The data was analysed via SPSS statistical analyse package software. During the evaluation of the data were used descriptive statistical methods such as Percentage (%) and frequency (f). These outcomes demonstrate that the climate factor of the region has an important effect on the recreational activities preferred by university students from regions with different climate types. It has been reached that the recreational activities of students who come from the continental climate and the Black Sea climate types are affected positively in the study area where dominant climate type is Mediterranean climate and that the individuals from this climate type prefer the outdoor recreational activities.

The referendum as an institution in the Black Sea Region: Does it signal the rise or collapse of democracy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-185
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Podolak
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Democratic Systems ◽  
Important State ◽  
Constitutional Changes

Views on the institution of direct democracy have changed during the period of democratic transition. The various advantages and positive effects of direct democracy have been confirmed by the practice of some democratic countries. Its educational and political activation value for society was also noted, without which civil society cannot form. The referendum is especially treated as the purest form of correlation between the views of society and the decisions of its representatives. In a situation where two representative bodies are present – the parliament and the president – a referendum is considered a means of resolving disputes between them in important state affairs. The referendum is nowadays becoming more than just a binding or consultative opinion on a legislative act, especially a constitution. First and foremost, it is important to see the extension of the type and scope of issues that are subject to direct voting. Apart from the traditional, i.e., constitutional changes, polarising issues that raise considerable emotion have become the subject of referenda. Problems of this type include, in particular, moral issues, membership in international organisations, and so-called ‘New Policy’. This article presents the role and importance of the referendum as an institution shaping the democratic systems of the Black Sea Region.

Synagogue as Infrastructure in Everyday Life of Batumi Jewish Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 323-338
Author(s):  
Nino Abakelia
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
Sacred Place ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
And Function

Abstract The subject under scrutiny is Sephardic and Ashkenazi synagogues in Batumi (the Black Sea Region of Georgia) that reveal both universal and culturally specific forms. The paper is based on ethnographic data gathered during fieldwork in Batumi, in 2019, and on the theoretical postulates of anthropology of infrastructure. The article argues that the Batumi synagogues could be viewed and understood as ‘infrastructure’ in their own right, as they serve as objects through which other objects, people, and ideas operate and function as a system. The paper attempts to demonstrate how the sacred edifices change their trajectory according to modern conditions and how the sacred place is inserted and coexists inside a network of touristic infrastructure.

The earliest Greek settlements on the Black Sea

1976 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 18-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Drews
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
The Subject

The date and circumstances of the first Greek settlements on the Black Sea are matters of considerable disagreement. This is the result both of the scattered nature of the literary evidence on the subject, and of the dearth of archaeological evidence for Pontic settlements other than those on the western and northern shores. A century ago it was commonly thought that although the great majority of colonies were sent out in the seventh and sixth centuries, Trapezus and Sinope, as our sources say or imply, were founded in the middle of the eighth. For a variety of reasons, among them an increased reliance on archaeologically secured dates, this view went out of favour, and opinion inclined toward the view that the Greeks did not enter the Black Sea at all until after 700. This view was both expressed in and supported by Rhys Carpenter's thesis that not until the penteconter was invented (an invention which he dated to the early seventh century) could the Greeks make head against the four-knot current which flows through the Bosporus from the Black Sea. Articles by B. W. Labaree and A. J. Graham, however, have undermined Carpenter's argument, and it is now once again not unusual to find references to Greek activity in the Black Sea before 700.

scholarly journals History and prospects of research of the Black Sea estuaries

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
V.O. YEMELIANOV ◽  
T.B. KULAHA
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Individual

Black Sea estuaries are phenomenon of geological nature and are not only an important component of the Black Sea geoecosystem, but also they are important component of local and regional ecological, socioeconomic systems of the coastal territory of Ukraine. Affecting the livelihoods and wellbeing of the population of these systems, estuaries from ancient times have attracted the attention of researchers. Unfortunately, the ecological status of these reservoirs has been worsening over the last decades because of the complex of reasons that require comprehensive study, analysis, development and implementation of a specific system of action, which cannot be realized without knowing at least the major milestones in the history of the research of these unique formations. Based on the published materials, information on the history of studies of estuaries of the northwestern Black Sea coast has been systematized. The history of the research has been reproduced in chronological order for the largest estuaries of the Black Sea, taking into account the current level of their study and identifying the main problems regarding their ecological status. The article gives a brief description of the current conditions and status of the largest Black Sea estuaries and some facts from the history of their research. In order to preserve the natural value of estuaries for their further research and rational use, the authors propose to use the methodology, the basic component of which is the geoecosystem paradigm, and henceforth study each estuary as a complete geoecological system taking into account all its components (subsystems), elements and conditions, which affect the formation and functioning of all components and the system as a whole. Geoecosystem paradigm together with a certain ecological and economic approach will allow to study in detail the geoecological conditions of water area of estuaries and adjacent territories, to evaluate their geoecological systems in terms of the prospects for their provision of certain services to the individual and / or society. Geoecosystem paradigm also allows to draw conclusions on optimizing the use of resources of these estuaries.

the claim that if anything of the sort had occurred I would have brought a plea in bar of action against him, but that I should come to court with this plea and demonstrate to you both that I have done this man no wrong and that his prosecution of me is illegal. [2] If Pantainetos had suffered any of the wrongs of which he is now complaining, he would clearly have brought a suit at once during the period when our business dealings took place, since these suits are monthly and we were both in town, and when all mankind are in the habit of showing their indignation right at the moment of their wrongs rather than after a delay. Since he has suffered no wrong – as you too will (I’m sure) affirm when you hear what happened – but is plaguing me from the confidence aroused by his success in the suit against Euergos, the only course left for me is to prove in your court, judges, that I am not in any way guilty and provide witness for my statements in an attempt to save myself. [3] My request to all of you will be modest and fair: to hear me with goodwill on the issue of my barring plea and to pay attention to the whole of my case. For though many suits have taken place in the city, I think it will be found that no-one has brought a suit more shameless or more unscrupulous than the one he has dared to lodge and bring to court. I shall give you as brief an account as I am able of all our dealings from the beginning. [4] Euergos and I loaned one hundred and five mnai to Pantainetos here, judges, on the security of a processing plant among the mine workings at Maroneia and thirty slaves. Forty-five mnai of the loan were mine, while one talent belonged to Euergos. As it happened, Pantainetos owed a talent to Mnesikles of Kollytos and forty-five mnai to Phileas of Eleusis and Pleistor. [5] The individual who sold the processing plant and the slaves to us was Mnesikles (he was the one who had bought the property for Pantainetos from Telemachos, its former owner), and Pantainetos leased it from us for the interest accruing on the money, one hundred and five drachmas per month. We made a contract in which were written the terms of the lease and a right for Pantainetos to redeem the property from us within a stated time. [6] Once this had been completed in the month of Elaphebolion in the archonship of Theophilos, I sailed off to the Black Sea, while this man and Euergos were here. As to their dealings with each other while I was away, I could not say. For their versions do not agree with each other, nor does Pantainetos’ version always agree with itself. Sometimes he says he was evicted

2002 ◽  
pp. 173-187
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Mine Workings ◽  
Stated Time ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Conchological Variability of Anadara Inaequivalvis (Bivalvia, Arcidae) In the Black–Azov Sea Basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Anistratenko ◽  
O. Yu. Anistratenko ◽  
I. A. Khaliman
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hinge Plate ◽  
Species Type ◽  
Continuous Character ◽  
Southeast India

Abstract Conchological Variability of Anadara inaequivalvis (Bivalvia, Arcidae) in the Black-Azov Sea Basin. Anistratenko, V. V., Anistratenko, O. Yu., Khaliman, I. A. - An alien species in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov - Anadara inaequivalvis (Bruguiere, 1789) - was recently discovered to have a wide range of shell variability. From the investigated samples (over 900 valves) six basic types of the shell commissural opening were defined; they are not, however, discrete conditions. Th e presence of intermediate variants reveals a gradual (continuous) character of the shell variability and indicates that all the samples investigated belong to the same species. Th e variation of some other Anadara characteristics is also discussed, including: quantity and ornamentation of the ribs on the surface of the valves, quantity of chevrons on the ligament area, shape of the hinge plate and quantity of hinge teeth. A comparison of conchological characteristics of Anadara from the Black-Azov Sea Basin with A. inaequivalvis from southeast India shows that ranges and patterns of shell variability of Azov-Black Sea Anadara correspond to variability of A. inaequivalvis from this species type locality - Coromandel Coast of India.

Regulating Navigation through the Turkish Straits: A Challenge for Modern International Environmental Law

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-559
Author(s):  
Jeanene M. Mitchell ◽  
Christopher C. Joyner
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Treaty Rights ◽  
International Commerce ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
Ocean Law

AbstractThe Turkish Straits occupy a strategic position in international commerce, as they form a vital link between the states of the Black Sea, the Mediterranean and the world beyond. This important waterway is the subject of considerable international disagreement over whether Turkey possesses the lawful right to regulate vessels carrying goods and petroleum through the straits. Turkey, whose heavily populated coastline borders both shores of the entire strait, asserts the authority to govern vessel navigation through the passageway on grounds of national sovereignty and international treaty rights. It adopted in 1994 and 1998 two special sets of shipping regulations aimed at minimising shipping accidents, avoiding collisions, and protecting the local marine environment. Russia and the other Black Sea states contend that Turkey's action contravenes the 1936 Montreux Convention, which guarantees free passage through the straits. Turkey is concerned for the safety of the local population, who might be injured by a huge maritime disaster in the strait. Russia's perspectives turn on its need to export oil by tankers through the straits. This article discusses recent relevant instruments of environmental and ocean law as they relate to straits.

scholarly journals Pia Guldager and Jane Hjar Petersen (eds.), Meetings of cultures in the Black Sea region. Between conflict and coexistence, (Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 2008)

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Cantaluppi
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
International Conference ◽  
The Subject

The meetings of cultures in the Black Sea region was the subject of the seventh international conference in Black Sea Studies, held in January 2006 by the Danish National Research Foundation’s Centre.

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