scholarly journals Memory Development and Trauma in Preschool Children: Implications for Forensic Interviewing Professionals - A Review of the Literature

Author(s):  
Jennifer Middleton
1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Carroll ◽  
Katherine Gray

Based upon a review of the literature on memory and cognitive impairments a number of procedures were implemented to improve memory function among nursing home residents. This paper describes the conceptual basis for the program called Memory Development (MD), and delineates procedures and techniques involving the use of cues, practice, and motivation. MD is compared to the traditional Reality Orientation (RO) approach.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Veraksa ◽  
E. Ochepkova ◽  
D.A. Bukhalenkova ◽  
N. Kartushina

The article presents the data of the study of working memory and features of oral monologue speech in preschool children. 269 children (133 boys and 136 girls) aged 5-6 years (M=5.6 years; Sd=0.48) attending the senior group of kindergarten in Moscow were examined. Features of oral monologue speech development were studied using methods developed in the Russian neuropsychology: tasks for retelling the text and compiling the story of a series of pictures. General neuropsychological parameters, separate lexical and grammatical (morphology and syntax) indicators, macrostructure of the narrative were analyzed in the evaluation of children's responses. As a result of the correlation and cluster analysis, similar links were obtained: the level of working memory development in preschoolers is correlated with such indicators of the child's speech development as semantic completeness of the text, its adequacy, programming of speech message, the number of words and sentences in the text, the development of macrostructure and the type of narrative. Based on the results, it is concluded that the most general and global indicators of the macrostructure of the text are significantly associated with the development of working memory. At the same time, the development of verbal working memory is more associated with the development of speech in preschool children compared to visual working memory. The authors come to the conclusion that with a well-developed auditory working memory, the child's speech will be more correct lexically and grammatically.


2021 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Elnara I. Izmaylova ◽  
Tatyana L. Kuzmishina ◽  
Maria Aleksandrovna Gorelkina ◽  
Elena N. Korneva ◽  
Anastasiia Vladimirovna Lukinova

This paper examines the relationship between general intelligence and emotional intelligence in preschool children older than five years and the main areas of research on general and emotional intelligence. Currently, a high level of general and emotional intelligence is viewed as a condition for achieving success both in one’s profession and in life in general. The relevance of this study is conditioned by the need to study general intelligence and emotional intelligence to improve the intellectual and emotional life of people, which in turn contributes to the solution of both individual and social problems. This study aims to review the levels of general and emotional intelligence formation in preschool children older than five years. The paper contains a retrospective analysis of the problem of studying emotional and general intelligence in Russian and foreign psychology. Various approaches to the study of general and emotional intelligence are analyzed. Based on a review of the literature on the topic of the study, the prerequisites for the emergence of the concept of emotional intelligence are outlined. The content of such concepts as “intelligence” and “emotional intelligence” is outlined, with a brief excursion into the history of the emergence and spread of these concepts. The paper also contains terms analogous to the concept of emotional intelligence and describes in detail the structural components of emotional intelligence within the framework of various models. Empirically, the levels of general and emotional intelligence of preschool children older than five years have been identified. A comparative correlation study of the levels of emotional and general intelligence of preschool children was carried out. The authors present the results of an experimental study on the absence of interdependence of general and emotional intelligence in preschool children older than five years.


AAESPH Review ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Eileen Allen

This article examines the need for early intervention with severely and profoundly handicapped infants and young children. The importance of providing infant and preschool programs for these children is defended against the somewhat discouraging review of the literature on early intervention with poverty preschool children. It is pointed out that for early intervention to be effective with severely involved children, the program must include a variety of components. These include a developmental-behavioral approach, a strong parent partnership, an interdisciplinary collaboration, a view of the preschool as a respite facility, a focus on the special training and skills necessary for the teacher of infants and preschoolers, a knowledge of prosthetic and independence-promoting devices, and the inclusion of play activities. Emphasis throughout is on a tripartite endeavor: parents, teachers, and clinicians working together, learning from each other, but learning also from the child, who must be the major determinant of whether a program is worthwhile or not. The preschool setting and the preschool staff are the pivotal elements in successful intervention.


1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Zurer Pearson

ABSTRACTComprehension of metaphor in preschoolers was studied through an elicited repetition task. Subjects were 52 children aged 3;0 to 5;2. Repetition performance on metaphors was compared to repetitions of semantically well-formed literal sentences as well as semantically anomalous sentences, all matched for length, vocabulary and sentence structure. Accuracy on literal and metaphoric stimuli was comparable, and both were significantly better than performance on anomalous sentences. There were no effects for age or sex. It was shown that the metaphors were not semantically anomalous to the children and that they were processed on a par with literal language. The argument is advanced from a review of the literature that imitation implicates understanding of the material imitated. If metaphor is thus shown to emerge early in the child's linguistic repertory, figurative language, it may be argued, occupies a more central position in linguistic theory than it has been accorded.


1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 792-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas C. Aliotti ◽  
David Ali Rajabiun

113 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-yr.-old preschool children were administered the Bannatyne Visuospatial Memory test to obtain cross-sectional data on a downward extension of the test instrument. Means, standard deviations, and correlation coefficients for the sample as well as estimates of validity and reliability are reported. Analysis of variance for the number of correct matches indicated significant differences for age but not for sex. Results were consistent with previous findings and support the efficacy of this test in assessing motor-free visuospatial memory of preschool children as young as three.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Veraksa ◽  
Aleksander Veraksa ◽  
Margarita Gavrilova ◽  
Daria Bukhalenkova ◽  
Ekaterina Oshchepkova ◽  
...  

The purpose of this study was to fill this gap by examining the relationship between phonological memory in preschool children and their passive (watching TV) and active screen time with using of Smart Screen Technologies such as tablets and phones with a touch screen interface. Study was conducted in two stages: in Time 1, the association between children’s phonological memory, passive and active screen time and family factors was examined; in Time 2 (1 year later) the impact of passive and active screen time on a child’s individual progress in phonological memory development was evaluated. The study enrolled 122 preschool children aged 5–6 years (M = 5.72, SD = 0.33); boys (54.9%). Information on each child’s average daily passive and active screen time was obtained from a survey with the mother. The survey provided information on how much time each child spent on a typical day with passive (“traditional”) and active (interactive) use of digital devices. For family factors, we included maternal highest educational qualification, family’s financial situation. For children’s characteristics, age, gender and non-verbal fluid intelligence were included. The results indicate that time spent passively with digital devices (watching TV) is negatively related to a child’s ability to process verbal information. In contrast, the interactive time the child spent with Smart Screen Technologies is not significant and does not pose a threat to the development of phonological memory in preschool age. The study also showed that passive and active use of digital devices has no long-term impact on children’s phonological memory development progress over a year. The implications are that use of Smart Screen Technologies, which implies a higher degree of interactivity, is not associated with either short- or long-term negative effects on phonological memory development in preschool age, contrary to passive screen time exposure. The results can be applied in the elaboration of principles and programs on the use of digital devices for the entertainment and education of preschool children.


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