scholarly journals Formation of nesting bird communities in parks on the gradient of anthropic load in Kiev metropolis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (23) ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
T. V. Shupova ◽  
◽  
S. N. Koniakin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Sturnus Vulgaris ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Ficedula Albicollis ◽  
Erithacus Rubecula ◽  
Passer Montanus ◽  
Nesting Density

In settlements, safe places for birds nesting and feeding need to be created. The purpose of the work is to assess the state and identify vectors of the formation of nesting bird communities in parks under the pressure of anthropic load in the metropolis. In parks of Kyiv 62 species of birds nest. Such faunogenetic complexes like European nemoral (25.0–53.3%), Desert-mountain (12.0–27.8%) and Forest-steppe (6.9–25.0%) prevail. The number of community species in each of parks is 49–12, the average nesting density is 0.08±0.02–0.9±0.19 pairs / ha, and the dispersion is 0.12–1.62. With the combination of anthropic load on biotopes of more than 140 points with a small area of parks (2.0–16.5 ha), the species composition of communities decreases, and the average nesting density and density dispersion increase. Dominated by density: Parus major, Columba livia, Sturnus vulgaris, Turdus merula, Passer domesticus, Passer montanus, Fringilla coelebs, Columba palumbus, Apus apus, Ficedula albicollis, Erithacus rubecula, Turdus pilaris. All birds in communities are obligate synanthropes (12.9%; n=62) or hemisinanthropes. Obligate synanthropes are distributed in communities of 0-7 species. According to the gradient of increasing anthropic load on parks, logarithmic trends show a slight increase in the percentage share of obligate synanthropes in the species composition and in the number of breeding pairs. 47–70% nest on trees, 0–14.3% in shrubs, 0–13.0% on ground and in buildings. In parks, birds (16–38% of the species composition), in addition to using species-specific stations, nest in the cavities of buildings. Such species like Motacilla alba L., Sturnus vulgaris, Ficedula albicollis, Muscicapa striata Pallas, Erithacus rubecula, Parus major, Passer domesticus, Passer montanus nest in this way. Due to this nesting strategy, the need of the birds in hollows and the dependence on the woodpeckers in the community decreases. High parameters of the Shannon index (1.51–3.14) and Pielou index (0.61–0.95) were revealed, with low data of the Berger-Parker index (0.15–0.61). With an anthropic load of more than 160 points, there is a sharp decrease in species diversity, evenness of species, and increased dominance pressure. Cluster analysis showed the division of bird communities into similarity groups according to the area of the parks, the proximity of parks to the outskirts of the city and large forest tracts of the area and specifics of the anthropic load.

scholarly journals Population Densities of Birds Breeding in Urbanized Habitats in the Grabiszyn District in the City of Wrocław

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Pica Pica ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Passer Montanus ◽  
The City

Abstract Studies were carried out in 2010 by mean of simplified version of the mapping method. The study area (395 ha) was located close to the city centre. It comprised a mosaic of urbanized habitats, with a clear dominance of green areas, such as parks (41.1 ha), gardens, cemeteries and tree clumps. A total of 48 breeding bird species were recorded in the whole study area. The most common (<25 pairs/100 ha) were Passer domesticus, Passer montanus, Sturnus vulgaris, Parus caeruleus, Parus major, Apus apus and Columba livia. Numerous (7-15 pairs/100 ha) were also the following species: Columba palumbus, Turdus pilaris, Sylvia atricapilla, Serinus serinus, Turdus merula and Pica pica. Insectivorous birds were the most common birds constituting 63.3%, and granivorous -32.6% of all pairs recorded. Most birds nested in tree holes (39.3%), in/on buildings (30.2%) and in trees/shrubs (25.6%). Distribution of breeding pairs of 23 bird species was presented on maps. Population trends for 17 species were documented. Rapid increase in numbers of Turdus pilaris, Corvus cornix and Phoenicurus phoenicurus and decrease of Pica pica were recorded.

scholarly journals Species composition and number of breeding birds in urban parks in Novi Sad

2010 ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Marko Tucakov
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Breeding Density ◽  
Tree Sparrow ◽  
Passer Montanus ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Sørensen Index

Numbers of breeding pairs of breeding birds and breeding density are established by territory mapping in Limanski (12.9 ha), Futoski (8.26 ha), and Dunavski (3.9 ha) Parks in Novi Sad from early March to late June 2007. In Limanski Park 11 species of breeders were found, the most numerous being tree sparrow (Passer montanus). Futoski Park had 15 breeders and the most numerous were great tit (Parus major). The smallest number of species (9) bred in Dunavski Park, with great tit as the most common breeder. The greatest density of breeding pairs was recorded in the largest park (37.7 pairs/km2). Hole-breeders dominated in Futoski and Dunavski Park, but their number was the same as the number of canopy-breeders in Limanski Park. Measured with Sorensen index of similarity, the greatest similarity was found between breeding avifauna of Futoski and Dunavski Park (72), then between Futoski and Limanski (61), while the smallest similarity was found if we compare breeding avifauna of Dunavski and Limanski Park. Compared with breeding avifauna in other parks in Central Europe, breeding avifauna of Novi Sad parks is relatively poor.

scholarly journals Inventario de aves del Barrio Centro de la ciudad de Luján, Buenos Aires, durante el poríodo no reproductivo

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Cecilia E. Ramirez ◽  
Germán Marateo ◽  
Horacio De Beláustegui
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Sturnus Vulgaris ◽  
Milvago Chimango

La conservación de la biodiversidad requiere del conocimiento previo sobre la distribución de los hábitats y de las especies silvestres que habitan en ellos. Conocer la diversidad ornitológica de las ciudades permite no solo conservar a las especies que habitan en ellas sino también a su entorno. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un inventario de la riqueza de aves que visitan y habitan las áreas verdes urbanas (AVU) del barrio centro de la ciudad de Luján (provincia de Buenos Aires) durante el periodo invernal. Se empleó el método de conteo por puntos de radio fijo, con una duración de 10 minutos en cada uno registrándose las especies observadas. Entre las 11 AVU se muestrearon 28 puntos, con 4 repeticiones en cada uno. Se registraron 29 especies distribuidas en 8 órdenes y 20 familias. Las familias mayormente representadas fueron: Columbidae (5 especies), Furnariidae (2 especies), Tyrannidae (2 especies), Turdidae (2 especies) y Thraupidae (2 especies). La especies más frecuentes fueron: Milvago chimango, Zenaida auriculata, Furnarius rufus, Pitangus sulphhuratus, Turdus rufiventris, Mimus saturninus y Passer domesticus. Se registraron tres especies exóticas: P. domesticus, Sturnus vulgaris y Columba livia. La mayor riqueza y frecuencia de especies se dieron en las AVU de mayor tamaño. Se plantea la importancia de conservar espacios verdes de gran tamaño dentro de las ciudades y realizar actualizaciones anuales del inventario de aves a través de programas de monitoreo sistemáticos. De esta manera, los datos recabados pueden ser utilizados como indicadores de calidad de los ecosistemas urbanos.

scholarly journals Aggressive behaviour of Robins Erithacus rubecula (Passeriformes, Muscicapidae) at watering places in the forest steppe zone of Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Markova
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ficedula Albicollis ◽  
Erithacus Rubecula

283 The purpose of this research was to study interspecific and intra-specific aggressive reactions of Robins (Erithacus rubecula L.) at watering places in natural and anthropogenically pressured areas. The study took place in Kaniv Nature Reserve, Cherkassy region, in May-June 2010, 2012 and 2014 and the state dendrology park “Oleksandriya” of the National Academy of Science in Bila Tserkva. The observation of the birds’ behavior was performed using the ethological methods of “total observation” and “continuous logging”. In order to calculate the critical distance at which a bird shows aggression, the watering areas studied were divided into 1 x 1 m squares. It was found that aggressive intersspecific actions of Robins were more frequent in the natural habitat of Kaniv Reserve while intraspecific aggression was more frequent in the dendrology park. It was noticed that Robins responded aggressively to 12 species of birds in the Kaniv Natur Reserve site. Those species were: Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos), Blackbird (T. merula), Great Tit (Parus major), BlueTit (P. caeruleus), Marsh Tit (P. palustris), Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes), Icterine Warbler (Hippolais icterina), Wood Warbler (Phylloscopus sibilatrix), Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla), Collared Flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) and Spotted Flycatcher (Muscicapa striata). Most often, aggression was directed to individuals that were already at a watering place rather than birds which arrived after the Robins. Besides, Robins frequently initiate aggressive relations. An inverse correlation of aggressive acts and the size parameters of the species, which were objects of Robins’ aggression, was observed. A success rating of Robins’ defence and attack in aggressive relations in Kaniv Nature Reserve was established: Robins were always successful in protecting its territory or attacking an Icterine Warbler and Chiffchaff, and always fails in defending agianst or attacking a Blackbird. The rating in contact with Spotted Flycatcher was zero. The critical distance of aggressive behaviour in intraspecific contacts at watering places was 40–50 cm, while for interspecific contacts it varied from5 cm to2 m. Our research emphasizes the importance of long-term research and multivariate approaches for understanding the complexity of dominance relations in birds.

scholarly journals Hunting Behavior and Diet of Cooper's Hawks: An Urban View of the Small-Bird-In-Winter Paradigm

The Condor ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy C. Roth ◽  
Steven L. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Sturnus Vulgaris ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Hunting Behavior ◽  
Zenaida Macroura ◽  
Accipiter Cooperii ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Cooper's Hawks

Abstract We examined the predatory behavior of wintering urban Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii). Eight Cooper's Hawks (7 female, 1 male) were radio-tracked intensively during two winter periods from 1999–2001. We observed 179 attacks, 35 of which were successful, for an overall attack success rate of 20%. We recorded an additional 44 kills resulting from unobserved attacks. European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), Mourning Doves (Zenaida macroura), and Rock Doves (Columba livia) made up 95% of the prey attacked and 91% of the diet. Smaller birds (<70 g), such as House Sparrows (Passer domesticus), were numerous in the study area but were rarely attacked. Mammals were not included in the diet. Surprise attacks (initiated at close range, often from behind an obstruction), were more successful than “open” attacks, although the latter were more frequent. In addition, attacks on single individuals were significantly more successful than those on flocks. Nonetheless, many attacks were attempted on large flocks. Our results suggest that the smaller bird species (<70 g) in our urban study area were at low risk of predation from Cooper's Hawks. Comportamiento de Caza y Dieta de Accipiter cooperii: Una Visión Urbana del Paradigma de Aves Pequeñas durante el Invierno Resumen. Examinamos el comportamiento de depredación de individuos urbanos de la especie Accipiter cooperii durante el período de invernada. Ocho individuos (siete hembras y un macho) fueron seguidos intensamente mediante radio telemetría durante dos períodos invernales desde 1999 hasta 2001. Observamos 179 ataques, de los cuales 35 fueron exitosos, con una tasa general de éxito de ataque del 20%. Adicionalmente, registramos 44 muertes que resultaron de ataques no observados. Sturnus vulgaris, Zenaida macroura y Columba livia compusieron el 95% de las presas atacadas y el 91% de la dieta. Aves pequeñas (<70 g), como Passer domesticus, fueron muy abundantes en el área de estudio pero fueron raramente atacadas. La dieta no incluyó mamíferos. Los ataques sorpresivos (iniciados a una corta distancia, generalmente desde detrás de algún objeto) fueron más exitosos que ataques “abiertos,” aunque estos últimos fueron más frecuentes. Además, los ataques sobre individuos que se encontraban solos fueron significativamente más exitosos que aquellos sobre bandadas. Sin embargo, muchos ataques fueron intentados sobre bandadas grandes. Nuestros resultados sugieren que en nuestra área de estudio urbana las especies de aves más pequeñas (<70 g) tenían un menor riesgo de ser depredadas por A. cooperii.

scholarly journals Diversity of bird communities of the forest in the Boyarska experimental station at the gradient of anthropic load

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Gaychenko ◽  
◽  
T.V. Shupova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Synanthropization Index

Bird communities was researched according to the transect method in the nesting period of 2013 and 2015. 4 model forest plots in the Boyarskaya Experimental Station were selected. All of them are culturelphytocenoses based onPinus sylvestris L., Quercus robur L., Q. rubra L. The species composition of birds, their abundance, α-diversity indices, synanthropization index of bird communities (to Jedryctkowski) were analyzed. The similarity of bird communities was determined using cluster analysis in "Origin Pro 9.0". 65 bird species of 11 orders were recorded. 35 species of them live in the species reserve. On model plots that not have conservation status, the number of species in bird communities is 20–27. In plots with a dominance of Q. robur, 42 species were recorded, with a dominance of P. sylvestris - 35 species of the birds. Dominants in bird communities Parus major L. and Fringilla coelebs L. The presence in the list of subdominants Anthus trivialis L. and Phylloscopus sibilatrix Bechstein is a positive characteristic of the forest. The synanthropic of bird communities increases according to the increase in anthropic load: the synanthropization index from 0.4 to 0.65, the relative abundance of synanthropic birds in communities from 0.66 to 0.81. There are no alien birds. The species diversity and the number of bird species in the communities decreases along the gradient of increasing anthropic load. The similarity of bird communities and their α-diversity depends by the anthropic load, and not by the ratio of the species composition of the forest trees. The distribution of relative abundance of species in bird communities, on the contrary, is associated with the ratio of the species composition of trees. In forest plots dominated by P. sylvestris, bird communities are balanced, in plots with a predominance of Q. robur, disturbances in the development of bird communities are noticeable.

scholarly journals Breeding Bird Assemblage in a Mosaic of Urbanized Habitats in a Central European City

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
European City ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Central European ◽  
Passer Montanus ◽  
Corvus Cornix

Abstract There is a lack of data on the population densities of birds breeding in a mosaic of typical urbanized habitats. This study was undertaken to partly fulfil this gap in our knowledge. Counts were conducted in 2008 by means of simplified territory mapping method in a fragment (1197 ha) of a large Central European city (Wrocław, SW Poland). In total, 50 bird species were breeding in the study area in 2008. The House Sparrow Passer domesticus, Common Swift Apus apus and Rock Dove comprised about 3/5 of all breeding pairs. The other group of species, each one with a density between 6 and 13 pairs per 100 ha, included seven species, namely the Starling, Sturnus vulgaris, Greenfinch, Carduelis chloris, House Martin, Delichon urbica, Tree Sparrow, Passer montanus, Great Tit, Parus major, Blue Tit, Parus caeruleus, and Jackdaw, Corvus monedula. They comprised together about 1/5. The remaining 40 species nested in a density between 0.1 and 3.5 pairs per 100 ha. The most numerous feeding guild were granivores (53.8%) and insectivores (37.9 %). Birds nesting on buildings comprised together 74 % of all breeding pairs. For a few species (Luscinia megarhynchos, Saxicola torquata, Corvus cornix and Turdus pilaris) an increase in their numbers in the last three decades has been evidenced.

scholarly journals ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ОРНІТОЦЕНОЗІВ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНИХ ЛІСОСМУГ ХАРКІВСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (22) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
В. В. Пісоцька
Keyword(s):  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Sturnus Vulgaris ◽  
Hirundo Rustica ◽  
Pica Pica ◽  
Corvus Cornix

Залізничні лісонасадження – унікальні біотопи зі значним антропогенним навантаженням, що значно впливає на видове, кількісне різноманіття птахів, поведінкові реакції. Дослідження проводилися в різних типах лісосмуг: штучні лісонасадження вздовж колій, що межують з агроценозом; штучні лісонасадження вздовж колій, що межують з водними об’єктами; штучні лісонасадження вздовж колій, що межують з населеними пунктами та антропогенними спорудами. В ході проведених досліджене у різних типах лісосмуг вздовж залізничних шляхів зареєстровано 59 видів птахів. Переважають представники ряду Горобцеподібні. Видове різноманіття птахів штучних лісонасаджень вздовж колій, що межують з агроценозом (лісосмуга № 1) представлено 46 видами. Домінує Sturnus vulgaris L. (147.2 пари), Turdus philomelos Brehm. (128.9 пари), Motacilla flava L.(102.3 пари) та інші. 50 видів птахів характерні для штучних лісонасаджень вздовж колій, що межують з водними об’єктами (лісосмуга 2). Домінантними видами є Corvus cornix L. (157 пари), Pica pica L. (150 пар) Sturnus vulgaris L. (144.4 пари) Parus major L. (142.2 пари). Орнітокомплекс штучних лісонасаджень вздовж колій, що межують з населеними пунктами та антропогенними спорудами (лісосмуга 3) представлений 44 видами. Домінантними видами є Hirundo rustica L. (163 пари), Parus major L. (161.4 пари), Pica pica L. (157.7 пари), Corvus cornix L.(156.9 пари), Passer domesticus L., (129.9 пари) та інші. Проаналізовано показники коефіцієнта подібності Жаккара та Соренсена. Показники визначених коефіцієнтів свідчать про подібність видового складу птахів різних типів лісонасаджень вздовж залізничних колій. Високий показник подібності спостерігається між штучними насадженнями вздовж колій, що межують з агроценозом та штучними насадженнями вздовж колій, що межують з населеними пунктами та антропогенними спорудами (коефіцієнт Жаккара дорівнює 0.91 та коефіцієнт подібності Соренсена дорівнює 0.95 відповідно).

scholarly journals Two new species of nasal mites of the genus Ptilonyssus (Rhinonyssidae) from sparrows from the Leningrad province, Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. DIMOV ◽  
S. MIRONOV
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Passer Montanus ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Leningrad Province

Two new nasal mites of the genus Ptilonyssus Berlese and Trouessart, 1889 are described from sparrows of the genus Passer (Passeriformes: Ploceidae) found in the Leningrad province, Russia: Ptilonyssus degtiarevae, n. sp. from Passer domesticus (L.) and Ptilonyssus lovottiae n. sp. from Passer montanus (L.). Ptilonyssus degtiarevae, n. sp. belongs to the newly established orthonychus species complex, and Ptilonyssus lovottiae n. sp. is referred to the hirsti species complex. The species content of the hirsti complex0, originally defined by Fain and Bafort 1963 is enlarged comparing to the concept of previous researchers.

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