The aspects of aggressive interaction of three related species of Paridae family with other bird species at the local watering place

Geo&Bio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (16) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
A.O. Markovа ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Aggressive Interaction

Coexistence of congeneric species in the Avifaunas of Australian Islands

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Dispersal Abilities

Gause's model of competition among species in a confined space is applied to the breeding land and freshwater bird species on nine large (> 109 km2) and 77 small (< 30 km2) islands around Australia. If interspecific competition is the most important factor impoverishing island avifaunas, then islands should have fewer congeneric species than expected on the basis of a logarithmic association between numbers of species and genera, and of a Monte Carlo method. This was so for small islands, but large islands tend to have more congeneric bird species than expected. The latter results are contrary to the Gause model of ecological incompatibility and extinction. Their biological significance may be that congeneric species have similar ecological requirements and preferences, similar dispersal abilities, and are able to persist together as well as distantly related species can. The majority of small islands do not support any congeners, which is consistent with the Gause model.

scholarly journals Species-specific but not phylosymbiotic gut microbiomes of New Guinean passerine birds are shaped by diet and flight-associated gut modifications

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1949) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasun H. Bodawatta ◽  
Bonny Koane ◽  
Gibson Maiah ◽  
Katerina Sam ◽  
Michael Poulsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Microbial Symbionts ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Species Specific

Animal hosts have evolved intricate associations with microbial symbionts, where both depend on each other for particular functions. In many cases, these associations lead to phylosymbiosis, where phylogenetically related species harbour compositionally more similar microbiomes than distantly related species. However, evidence for phylosymbiosis is either weak or lacking in gut microbiomes of flying vertebrates, particularly in birds. To shed more light on this phenomenon, we compared cloacal microbiomes of 37 tropical passerine bird species from New Guinea using 16S rRNA bacterial gene sequencing. We show a lack of phylosymbiosis and document highly variable microbiomes. Furthermore, we find that gut bacterial community compositions are species-specific and tend to be shaped by host diet but not sampling locality, potentially driven by the similarities in habitats used by individual species. We further show that flight-associated gut modifications, coupled with individual dietary differences, shape gut microbiome structure and variation, contributing to the lack of phylosymbiosis. These patterns indicate that the stability of symbiosis may depend on microbial functional diversity rather than taxonomic composition. Furthermore, the more variable and fluid host–microbe associations suggest probable disparities in the potential for coevolution between bird host species and microbial symbionts.

scholarly journals The outcomes of most aggressive interactions among closely related bird species are asymmetric

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R Martin ◽  
Cameron Freshwater ◽  
Cameron K Ghalambor
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Evolutionary Strategies ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Using Data

Aggressive interactions among closely related species are common. These can play an important role as a selective pressure shaping species, traits and assemblages. The nature of this selective pressure depends on whether the outcomes of aggressive contests are asymmetric between species (i.e., one species is consistently dominant), yet few studies have estimated the prevalence of asymmetric versus symmetric outcomes to aggressive contests. Here we use previously published data involving 26,656 interactions between 270 species pairs of birds from 26 taxonomic families to address the question: How often are aggressive interactions among closely related bird species asymmetric? We define asymmetry using (i) the proportion of contests won by one species, and (ii) statistical tests for asymmetric outcomes of aggressive contests. We calculate these asymmetries using data summed across different sites for each species pair, and compare results to asymmetries calculated using data separated by location. We find that 80% of species pairs had aggressive outcomes where one species won 80% or more of aggressive contests. We also find that the majority of aggressive interactions among closely related species show statistically significant asymmetries, and above a sample size of 52 interactions, all outcomes are asymmetric following binomial tests. Results using data partitioned by location showed similar patterns. Species pairs with dominance data from multiple sites showed the same dominance relationship across locations in 93% of the species pairs. Overall, our results suggest that the outcome of aggressive interactions among closely related species are usually consistent and asymmetric, and should thus favor ecological and evolutionary strategies specific to the position of a species within a dominance hierarchy.

scholarly journals Can a common bird species be used as a surrogate to draw insights for the conservation of a rare species? A case study from the fragmented Taita Hills, Kenya

Oryx ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mwangi Githiru ◽  
Erik Matthysen ◽  
Luc Lens ◽  
Leon A. Bennun
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Taita Hills ◽  
Independent Evaluation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Patterns And Processes

AbstractSound knowledge of underlying mechanisms is essential for understanding how species respond to habitat fragmentation. Because most threatened species are typically the first ones to suffer local extinctions with forest fragmentation, studying why they fare poorly at the broader landscape scale is difficult. Related, sympatric but common species may be useful surrogates if they can provide insights germane for the conservation of rarer species. We illustrate this using a case study from the highly fragmented Taita Hills forests, south-eastern Kenya, of the Critically Endangered Taita thrush Turdus helleri and the more common white-starred robin Pogonocichla stellata as the surrogate. The responses of the thrush to habitat disturbance were in the same direction as the surrogate robin (e.g. higher fluctuating asymmetry, lower effective population densities and male-biased sex ratios), albeit they were detected sooner and were more severe because of its lower dispersal capacity. The key conservation measures proposed from the surrogate study largely matched those based on an independent evaluation of the thrush data. Additionally, the surrogate provided extra insights into the potential solutions for problems facing the thrush, and provided a base that could be used as a template for restoring the thrush populations in this area. Thus, our findings support the use of surrogate species in the conservation of sympatric related species in fragmented landscapes. We contend that this approach is also applicable for allopatric related species where landscapes are similar, provided that detailed data on population patterns and processes for the surrogate are available.

scholarly journals First assessment of the avifauna of Araucaria forests and other habitats from extreme southern Minas Gerais, Serra da Mantiqueira, Brazil, with notes on biogeography and conservation

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Ferreira de Vasconcelos ◽  
Santos D'Angelo Neto
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Unknown Area

The avifauna of the Araucaria forests in the higher reaches of the Serra da Mantiqueira massif is little known and poorly documented. This region is recognized as an important area of differentiation of birds in southeastern Brazil. Here, we present the first ornithological survey of the Araucaria forests and associated habitats in the mountains of extreme southern Minas Gerais state, near the southern tip of the Serra da Mantiqueira. The study area comprises the Serra do Juncal region and several adjacent sites, located in the municipalities of Gonçalves and Camanducaia. We recorded 206 bird species, of which 57 (27.7%) are endemic to the Atlantic forest. Several records represent the first specimens for Minas Gerais, in the hinterlands of Serra da Mantiqueira, proving that many Atlantic species also occur in the intern most slope of this mountain range. Examples are: Dysithamnus xanthopterus, Chamaeza ruficauda, Leptasthenura setaria, Heliobletus contaminatus, Hemitriccus obsoletus, Phylloscartes difficilis, Piprites pileata, Poospiza thoracica, and Cacicus chrysopterus. The region is also a previously unknown area of sympatry of other closely related species: Scytalopus notorius and S. speluncae, Lepidocolaptes squamatus and L. falcinellus, and Basileuterus culicivorus and B. hypoleucus. Both species of Lepidocolaptes and Basileuterus hybridize in the region. We also comment on the avifauna conservation, which have been threatened by eco-tourism, building of new styles of houses, domestic animals, forest fragmentation, and plantations.

scholarly journals The outcomes of most aggressive interactions among closely related bird species are asymmetric

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e2847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Martin ◽  
Cameron Freshwater ◽  
Cameron K. Ghalambor
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Evolutionary Strategies ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Using Data

Aggressive interactions among closely related species are common, and can play an important role as a selective pressure shaping species traits and assemblages. The nature of this selective pressure depends on whether the outcomes of aggressive contests are asymmetric between species (i.e., one species is consistently dominant), yet few studies have estimated the prevalence of asymmetric versus symmetric outcomes to aggressive contests. Here we use previously published data involving 26,212 interactions between 270 species pairs of birds from 26 taxonomic families to address the question: How often are aggressive interactions among closely related bird species asymmetric? We define asymmetry using (i) the proportion of contests won by one species, and (ii) statistical tests for asymmetric outcomes of aggressive contests. We calculate these asymmetries using data summed across different sites for each species pair, and compare results to asymmetries calculated using data separated by location. We find that 80% of species pairs had aggressive outcomes where one species won 80% or more of aggressive contests. We also find that the majority of aggressive interactions among closely related species show statistically significant asymmetries, and above a sample size of 52 interactions, all outcomes are asymmetric following binomial tests. Species pairs with dominance data from multiple sites showed the same dominance relationship across locations in 93% of the species pairs. Overall, our results suggest that the outcome of aggressive interactions among closely related species are usually consistent and asymmetric, and should thus favor ecological and evolutionary strategies specific to the position of a species within a dominance hierarchy.

scholarly journals The outcomes of most aggressive interactions among closely related bird species are asymmetric

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R Martin ◽  
Cameron Freshwater ◽  
Cameron K Ghalambor
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Evolutionary Strategies ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Using Data

Aggressive interactions among closely related species are common. These can play an important role as a selective pressure shaping species, traits and assemblages. The nature of this selective pressure depends on whether the outcomes of aggressive contests are asymmetric between species (i.e., one species is consistently dominant), yet few studies have estimated the prevalence of asymmetric versus symmetric outcomes to aggressive contests. Here we use previously published data involving 26,656 interactions between 270 species pairs of birds from 26 taxonomic families to address the question: How often are aggressive interactions among closely related bird species asymmetric? We define asymmetry using (i) the proportion of contests won by one species, and (ii) statistical tests for asymmetric outcomes of aggressive contests. We calculate these asymmetries using data summed across different sites for each species pair, and compare results to asymmetries calculated using data separated by location. We find that 80% of species pairs had aggressive outcomes where one species won 80% or more of aggressive contests. We also find that the majority of aggressive interactions among closely related species show statistically significant asymmetries, and above a sample size of 52 interactions, all outcomes are asymmetric following binomial tests. Results using data partitioned by location showed similar patterns. Species pairs with dominance data from multiple sites showed the same dominance relationship across locations in 93% of the species pairs. Overall, our results suggest that the outcome of aggressive interactions among closely related species are usually consistent and asymmetric, and should thus favor ecological and evolutionary strategies specific to the position of a species within a dominance hierarchy.

Effects of oxygen level on metabolism and development of seedlings of Trapa natans and two ecologically related species

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faustino Menegus ◽  
Liliana Cattaruzza ◽  
Leonardo Scaglioni ◽  
Enzio Ragg
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Oxygen Level ◽  
Trapa Natans

Oil from Livers of Sharks and Related Species

1904 ◽  
Vol 58 (1493supp) ◽  
pp. 23927-23928
Author(s):  
Charles H. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Related Species

Functional evenness of bird communities varies along the elevational gradient in Europe: Conservation implications

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Morelli ◽  
Yanina
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Large Spatial Scale ◽  
Functional Evenness

ContextThe negative association between elevation and species richness is a well-recognized pattern in macro-ecology. ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate changes in functional evenness of breeding bird communities along an elevation gradient in Europe. MethodsUsing the bird data from the EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds we estimated an index of functional evenness which can be assumed as a measure of the potential resilience of communities.ResultsOur findings confirm the existence of a negative association between elevation and bird species richness in all European eco regions. However, we also explored a novel aspect of this relationship, important for conservation: Our findings provide evidence at large spatial scale of a negative association between the functional evenness (potential community resilience) and elevation, independent of the eco region. We also found that the Natura2000 protected areas covers the territory most in need of protection, those characterized by bird communities with low potential resilience, in hilly and mountainous areas.ConclusionsThese results draw attention to European areas occupied by bird communities characterized by a potential lower capacity to respond to strong ecological changes, and, therefore, potentially more exposed to risks for conservation.

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