Anuncertainty analysis in the climatic change estimation problem on regional level with the use of satellite observations of atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases

Climate change is proceeding fastest in the Arctic region. During past years Arctic summers have been warmer and drier elevating the risk for extensive forest fire episodes. In fact, satellite observations show, that during past two summers (2018, 2019) an increase is seen in the number of fires occurring above the Arctic Circle, especially in Siberia. While human-induced emissions of long-lived greenhouse gases are the main driving factor of global warming, short-lived climate forcers or pollutants emitted from the forest fires are also playing an important role especially in the Arctic. Absorbing aerosols can cause direct arctic warming locally. They can also alter radiative balance when depositing onto snow/ice and decreasing the surface albedo, resulting in subsequent warming. Aerosol-cloud interaction feedbacks can also enhance warming. Forest fire emissions also affect local air quality and photochemical processes in the atmosphere. For example, CO contributes to the formation of tropospheric ozone and affects the abundance of greenhouse gases such as methane and CO2.This study focuses on analyzing fire episodes in the Arctic for the past 10 years, as well as investigating the transport of forest fire CO and smoke aerosols to the Arctic. Smoke plumes and their transport are analyzed using Absorbing Aerosol Index (AAI) from several satellite instruments: GOME-2 onboard Metop A and B, OMI onboard Aura, and TROPOMI onboard Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite. Observations of CO are obtained from IASI (Metop A and B) as well as from TROPOMI, while the fire observations are obtained from MODIS instruments onboard Aqua and Terra, as well as from VIIRS onboard Suomi NPP. &#160;In addition, observations e.g. from a space-borne lidar, CALIPSO, is used to obtain vertical distribution of smoke and to estimate plume heights.

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A multi-hazard regional level impact assessment for Europe combining indicators of climatic and non-climatic change

Global Environmental Change ◽

10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.11.009 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 522-536 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Tobias Lung ◽

Carlo Lavalle ◽

Roland Hiederer ◽

Alessandro Dosio ◽

Laurens M. Bouwer

Keyword(s):

Impact Assessment ◽

Climatic Change ◽

Regional Level

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Spatiotemporal Monitoring of CO2 and CH4 over Pakistan Using Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.58.35 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 35-41

Author(s):

Irfan Mahmood ◽

Muhammad Farooq Iqbal ◽

Muhammad Imran Shahzad ◽

Ahmed Waqas ◽

Luqman Atique

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Considerable Increase ◽

Ice Core ◽

Atmospheric Concentration ◽

Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ◽

Radiative Balance ◽

Atmospheric Concentrations

Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4) are two most potent greenhouse gases and are major source of climate change. Human activities particularly fossil fuels burning have caused considerable increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. CO2contributes 60% of anthropogenic greenhouse effect whereas CH4contributes 15%. Ice core records also show that the concentrations of Carbon dioxide and methane have increased substantially. The emission of these gases alters the Earth’s energy budget and are drivers of climate change. In the present study, atmospheric concentration of CO2and CH4over Pakistan is measured using Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). Time series and time averaged maps are prepared to measure the concentrations of CO2and CH4. The results show considerable increase in concentration of Carbon dioxide and methane. The substantial increase in these concentrations can affect human health, earth radiative balance and can damage crops.

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Modeling the Global Warming Potential of Greenhouse Gases due to Climatic Change

American Journal of Applied Mathematics ◽

10.11648/j.ajam.20130101.13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

A. B. M. Shamim.Ul Hasan

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Climatic Change ◽

Global Warming Potential

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Ammonia, carbon dioxide and methane in Mediterranean paddy fields along the 2019 crop season

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-12856 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carme Estruch ◽

Roger Curcoll ◽

Marta Borrós ◽

Alba Àgueda ◽

Josep-Anton Morguí

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Land Management ◽

Temporal Variability ◽

Management Practices ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽

Atmospheric Variability ◽

Atmospheric Concentration ◽

Reactive Gases

Human activities implying land management are potential sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). In addition, agricultural management practices enhances the presence of reactive gases in the atmosphere such as ammonia (NH3).&#160; Knowing the atmospheric variability of gases in relation to the different stages of the rice culture cycle and other anthropic activities could help to improve GHGs' mitigation strategies in deltas.A mobile survey was undertaken through 2019 in the Ebro Delta as a part of the ClimaDat Network project (DEC station, www.climadat.es), to study the effect of land management in the spatial and temporal variability of greenhouse gases and NH3 concentrations. We are broadening the scope of a survey undertaken in 2012 (&#192;gueda et al. 2017). In the new survey we increased the total number of transects and longitude every three weeks during a year, starting in December 2018.Whereas atmospheric NH3 concentration links with diurnal and seasonal cycles, the distribution of CO2 and CH4 shows a combination of spatial and temporal variability. &#160;&#160;Our aim is to understand how we can use wind trajectories to find the principal sources of atmospheric variability. That is, can wind direction improve our comprehension of metabolic processes occurring in paddy lands? In this work, we use wind trajectories as means of spatial classification, to explore the spatiotemporal dynamic affecting the potential of CO2 and CH4 atmospheric concentration.&#160;

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Characteristics of the Greenhouse Gas Concentration Derived from the Ground-based FTS Spectra at Anmyeondo, Korea

10.5194/amt-2017-88 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Young-Suk Oh ◽

Samuel Takele Kenea ◽

Tae-Young Goo ◽

Gawon Kim ◽

Kyu-Sun Chung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Late Summer ◽

Satellite Observations ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Retrieval Algorithm ◽

Spectral Bands ◽

Spectral Residual ◽

Meteorological Observatory ◽

Solar Intensity ◽

Measurement Period

Abstract. Since the late 1990s, the meteorological observatory established in Anmyeondo (36.5382˚ N, 126.3311˚ E, and 30 m above mean sea level), has been monitoring several greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs, and SF6, as part of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Program. A high resolution ground-based (g-b) Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS, IFS-125HR model) was installed at such observation site in 2013, and has been fully operated within the frame work of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) since August, 2014. The solar spectra recorded by the g-b FTS are covered in the range between 3,800 and 16,000 cm−1 at the spectral resolution of 0.02 cm−1 during the measurement period between 2013 and 2016. In this work, the GGG2014 version of the TCCON standard retrieval algorithm was used to retrieve XCO2 concentrations from the FTS spectra. Two spectral bands (at 6220.0 and 6339.5 cm−1 center wavenumbers) were used to derive the XCO2 concentration within the spectral residual of +0.01 %. All sources of errors were thoroughly analyzed. In this paper, we introduced a new home made OASIS (Operational Automatic System for Intensity of Sunray) system to our g-b FTS instrument and that allows reducing the solar intensity variations (SIV) below 2 %. A comparison of the XCO2 concentration in g-b FTS and OCO-2 (Orbiting Carbon Observatory) satellite observations were presented only for the measurement period between 2014 and 2015. Nine coincident observations were selected on a daily mean basis. It was obtained that OCO-2 exhibited low bias with respect to the g-b FTS, which is about −0.065 ppm with the standard deviation of 1.66 ppm, and revealed a strong correlation (R = 0.85). Based on seasonal cycle comparisons, both instruments were generally agreed in capturing seasonal variations of the target species with its maximum and minimum levels in spring and late summer respectively. In the future, it is planned to exert further works in utilizing the FTS measurements for the evaluation of satellite observations such as Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) at observation sites. This is the first report of the g-b FTS observations of XCO2 species over the Anmyeondo station.

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Response of Greenhouse Gas Emissions to Nitrogen Deposition in Terrestrial Ecosystem

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.485 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 485-489 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiang Nan Meng ◽

Yu Sen Zhao ◽

Lei Zheng ◽

Hong Wei Ni

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Nitrogen Deposition ◽

Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽

Atmospheric Concentration ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽

And Function ◽

N Status ◽

Farmland Ecosystem

Nitrogen deposition input changes the carbon and nitrogen cycle rate significantly in terrestrial ecosystem, and then affects the structure and function of entire ecosystem. The elevated atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases is one of the most important causes of global warming and has become an indisputable fact. Terrestrial ecosystem is the important source and sink of greenhouse gases, and plays an extremely important role in global warming. Nitrogen deposition can affect the fluxes of greenhouse gases from terrestrial ecosystem. The responses of greenhouse gases emissions to nitrogen deposition in forest ecosystem, farmland ecosystem, grassland ecosystem and wetland ecosystem of typical terrestrial ecosystem are reviewed in this paper. As a result of the differences of ecosystem types, climate, vegetational community and soil N status, the effect of nitrogen deposition on main greenhouse gases flux emissions present in three aspects: suppression, promotion and non-significant in terrestrial ecosystem.

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Monitoring the nations’ climate mitigation progress using multi-species observations from Japanese passenger aircrafts

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13404 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hiroshi Suto ◽

Akihiko Kuze ◽

Tomohiro Oda ◽

Fumie Kataoka ◽

Ayako Matsumoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Satellite Observations ◽

Climate Mitigation ◽

Special Focus ◽

Spatial Gradient ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

Concentration Data

The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cities account for more than 70% of the global emissions. Over the past decades, GHG-dedicated space-based instruments, such as Japan&#8217;s Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) (2009-), GOSAT-2 (2018-), NASA&#8217;s Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) (2014-), and OCO-3 (2019-), have collected the increased amount of the GHG data on the global scale, especially over urban areas. Such data have provided new opportunities to explore ways to study urban emissions, and they will also play a key role in monitoring the progress of subnational climate mitigation efforts towards the Paris Climate Agreement goal.Here we present the first high-resolution multi-species (CO2 and NO2) observations from Japanese passenger aircrafts, which should further enhance our ability to quantify GHG emissions in combination with data collected from existing ground-based stations and satellites. Our multi-species observations should also provide direct technical and scientific implications to the planned future space missions, such as Japan&#8217;s Global Observing SATellite for Greenhouse gases and Water cycle (GOSAT-GW) and ESA&#8217;s CO2 Monitoring Mission (CO2M), which also plan to measure CO2 and NO2 with a special focus on monitoring GHG emissions.We designed and developed a carry-on luggage sized imaging spectrometer to collect high-resolution (a few handed m to a few thousand m) CO2 and NO2 concentration data during domestic passenger flights. We conducted our first observation during the flight between Tokyo and Fukuoka in October 2020. The two-hour flight allowed us to collect sounding data ranging from 130&#176;E to 140&#176;E in longitude and 33.5&#176;N to 36&#176;N in latitude. The data were being collected every 0.5 sec in nominal and were created up to 5M soundings during the single flight. The obtained data depicted spatial patterns of CO2and NO2 concentrations over the cities and industrial areas, with some notable differences from ones seen from existing satellite observations. We compared our data to other data, such as emission inventories, and satellite observations of CO2, NO2, and nighttime lights, in order to further characterize the observed spatial gradient and patterns.In our presentation, we will also discuss the unique utility of our new aircraft observation and its potential contribution to GHG emission monitoring and the upcoming Global Stocktakes (GST) with an expanded observation coverage and frequency.

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Greenhouse Gases and Climatic Change

Integrated Science & Technology Program - Global Change, Energy Issues and Regulation Policies ◽

10.1007/978-94-007-6661-7_2 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 31-46

Author(s):

Vincent Moron

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Climatic Change

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The evolution of AMULSE (Atmospheric Measurements by Ultra-Light Spectrometer) and its interest in atmospheric applications. Results of the Atmospheric Profiles Of GreenhousE gasEs (APOGEE) weather balloon release campaign for satellite retrieval validation

10.5194/amt-2019-335 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Lilian Joly ◽

Olivier Coopmann ◽

Vincent Guidard ◽

Thomas Decarpenterie ◽

Nicolas Dumelié ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Sampling Rate ◽

Satellite Observations ◽

Observation System ◽

Transfer Model ◽

Atmospheric Measurements ◽

Infrared Spectral ◽

Chemical Profiles

Abstract. We report in this paper the development of an embedded ultralight spectrometer (< 3 kg) based on tuneable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (with a sampling rate of 24 Hz) in the mid-infrared spectral region. This instrument is dedicated to in-situ measurements of the vertical profile concentrations of three main greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and water vapour (H2O) under weather and tethered balloons. The plug and play instrument is compact, robust and cost-effective, autonomous, having a low power consumption, a non-intrusive probe. It was first calibrated during an in situ campaign on an ICOS (Integrated Carbon Observation System) site for several days, then used in a tethered balloon campaign and for a balloon campaign several balloon flights up to 30 km altitude in the Reims-France in 2017–2018 in collaboration with Météo-France/CNRM. This paper shows the valuable interest of the data measured by AMULSE instrument during the APOGEE measurement campaign, specifically for the vertical profiles of CO2 and CH4, which remain very sparse. We have carried out several experiments showing that the measured profiles have several applications: for the validation of simulations of infrared satellite observations, for evaluating the quality of chemical profiles from Chemistry Transport Models (CTM) and for evaluating the quality of retrieved chemical profiles from the assimilation of infrared satellite observations. The results show that the simulations of infrared satellite observations from IASI and CrIS instruments performed in operational mode for NWP by the Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) RTTOV are of good quality. We also show that the MOCAGE and CAMS CTMs modeled ozone profiles fairly accurately and that the CAMS CTM represents the methane in the troposphere well compared to MOCAGE. Finally, the measured in situ ozone profiles allowed us to show the good quality of the retrieved ozone profiles by assimilating ozone-sensitive infrared spectral radiances from IASI and CrIS.

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