solar intensity
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2022 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Safa M Aldarabseh ◽  
Salah Abdallah

Abstract The world's need for drinkable water is increasing with a growing population. The desalination process using solar energy is the cheapest and most straightforward method that can be used to generate pure water from saline water by utilizing energy from the sun's free heat source. A semispherical and chamber stepwise basin solar still with an inclined glass cover, with and without PV powered electrical heaters as another power source can increase the rate of evaporation of saline water, thus increasing the productivity of semispherical solar still. In this investigation, a conventional solar still and semispherical solar still with and without PV-powered electrical heaters were invented and worked in parallel with the experimental setup to make a good comparison between these models. The experimental results show that stepped semispherical with PV-powered electrical heater and without PV-powered electrical heater solar stills enhanced the productivity of freshwater from a conventional solar still by 156.6% and 72.5%, respectively. The theoretically simulated model is obtained using Mathcad software, and is compared with experimental results. Semispherical solar still productivity increases with increased solar intensity and with a PV-powered electrical heater as an additional power source. The theoretical results concluded from the mathematical model are in good agreement with experimental results.


Author(s):  
Jinan Mahdi Hadi ◽  
Nazar Yasir Jasim ◽  
Muna Hameed Alturaihi ◽  
Laith Jaafer Habeeb

Author(s):  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
◽  
Bidhan Chandra Nath ◽  
Subrato Paul ◽  
Md. Golam Kibria Bhuiyan ◽  
...  

This research intends to design, assemble and evaluate the performance of an eco-friendly solar light trap to reduce the insect population in rice fields as well as to minimize the use of harmful chemical pesticides. An AutoCAD drawing tool 2016 was used to sketch the design of solar light trap. The main component of this light trap was bulb, solar panel and battery. Design of solar panel and battery was done considering by 5W LED bulb. A total of five bulbs with different colors were selected to test the insect’s reaction by visible light. Study indicated that ultra violet-blue bulb showed the best performance compare to others based on the high percentage of insect trap (31.22%). A 20-watt solar panel and two 4.5 ah batteries of 6 volts were used to operate the solar light trap. The current, voltage, solar intensity was recorded to check overall performance of solar panel. The solar panel generated more power in April than May due to higher solar radiation in the study area. Study suggested that only 4.26 sunshine hours were required to full charge the battery. The solar light trap was operated 5.5 hour in night which was sufficient to reduce the insects in rice field. Moreover, the light sensor was showed 100% functional for ON/OFF purposes. The dominant insects like yellow stem borer (YSB), green leafhopper (GLH) were mostly observed. The average largest numbers of YSB and GLH were 900 and 600 respectively. In conclusion, the solar light trap is eco-friendly, low cost, easy and self-sufficient in term of solar energy. Finally, the newly developed light trap could be helpful for manufactures, decision makers, and engineering community as well as farmers as a best tool to protect nature in comparison to other pesticide using practices.


Author(s):  
ياسمين أحمد ◽  
مناهل النور ايدام مفضل ◽  
إبراهيم الحاج ◽  
يونس أبو عائشة ◽  
مبارك تقابو

The objective of this research is to study the variation of temperature and solar intensity on the performance of commercial silicon solar cells. This experiment was done at West Kordofan University, Department of Physics. A silicon solar cell was positioned at 450 in the direction of the sun. Then the current-voltage relationship (I-V) was recorded every hour during the day. The results in terms of I-V characteristics demonstrated that the short-circuit current increased linearly with the increase in temperature in the range of (26-33) 0 C, while the open-circuit voltage decreased logarithmically. On the other hand, the fill factor was found to be in the range of 72-78, and the corresponding efficiency was in the range of (6-11%). This result showed that En- Nahud town has a high solar intensity of approximately 1000 W/m2. Therefore, it is found to be a perfect chosen area for providing solar cell investigations and projects in different renewable energy applications.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4857
Author(s):  
Yue Ma ◽  
Francis Rose ◽  
Leslie Wong ◽  
Benjamin Steven Vien ◽  
Thomas Kuen ◽  
...  

Large sheets of high-density polyethene geomembrane are used as floating covers on some of the wastewater treatment lagoons at the Melbourne Water Corporation’s Western Treatment Plant. These covers provide an airtight seal for the anaerobic digestion of sewage and allow for harvesting the methane-rich biogas, which is then used to generate electricity. There is a potential for scum to develop under the covers during the anaerobic digestion of the raw sewage by microorganisms. Due to the nature of the operating environment of the lagoons and the vast size (450 m × 170 m) of these covers, a safe non-contact method to monitor the development and movement of the scum is preferred. This paper explores the potential of using a new thermographic approach to identify and monitor the scum under the covers. The approach exploits naturally occurring variations in solar intensity as a trigger for generating a transient thermal response that is then fitted to an exponential decay law to determine a cooling constant. This approach is investigated experimentally using a laboratory-scale test rig. A finite element (FE) model is constructed and shown to reliably predict the experimentally observed thermal transients and cooling constants. This FE model is then set up to simulate progressive scum accumulation with time, using a specified scumberg geometry and a stepwise change in thermal properties. The results indicate a detectable change in the cooling constant at different locations on the cover, thereby providing a quantitative basis for characterising the scum accumulation beneath the cover. The practical application and limitations of these results are briefly discussed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012097
Author(s):  
G He ◽  
Y Meng ◽  
J Zhu ◽  
S Zhang

Abstract Double skin façade (DSF) has been recognized as a flexible type of envelope that can adapt to various building needs, such as insulation, solar heat gain, ventilation, and shading. This adaption ability makes the DSF a potentially high performance envelope. However, the reliable calculation of the heat flow in the DSF has been a challenging task due to the complex heat transfer process involved in the DSF. In this study, we propose a simple model that aims to simplify the heat transfer calculation involved in the DSF. In this model, a characteristic function of heat transfer coefficient (CFHTC) was proposed for the heat transfer between the inner layer and the outside air, which would otherwise call the complex convective heat transfer in the cavity. We use experimental data to demonstrate that this function can be expressed as a function of the incident solar intensity. This CFHTC is supposed to be dependent on the geometry of the DSF. With the CFHTC, the calculation of the heat transfer between the inner layer of the DSF and the outside air is simplified and can be incorporated in energy simulation tools.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
Yuliia Daus ◽  
Valeriy Kharchenko ◽  
Igor Yudaev

The increasing penetration of photovoltaic technology calls for the development of an effective method for optimization of grid-connected photovoltaic power plants. Although extensive studies on the definition, implementation, and optimization of these systems have been conducted, the design and management of a smart energy system remains a critical challenge. The purpose of the work is to increase efficiency of power supply system of agricultural facility by optimizing the placement and selection of parameters of photovoltaic sources of distributed generation. Application of photovoltaic sources of distributed generation as part of power supply system of agricultural enterprise allows to reduce the total consumption from the network in average basing on solar intensity data for 22 years by 40-53% from April to October, which is most expedient in view of the fact that this is a period of intensive work of the enterprise and the greatest load on its consumers; by 24-30% in February, March, and October; and by 14-17% the rest of the time.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 933-937
Author(s):  
Daniel Parenden ◽  
Peter Sahupala ◽  
Hariyanto Hariyanto

In summer, the utilization of solar energy can possibly satisfy the water demand. This paper examines the fluid flow in solar pump systems with solar cells. Specifically, a solar pump system model was designed and subjected to an installation test. The model consists of two solar cell units connected in series, which generate electricity and flow into the pump system. By the principles of fluid mechanics, the test results were analyzed to optimize the pump efficiency. The analysis shows that the solar cell efficiency is influenced by solar intensity, while the pump loss is maximized by fluid friction. In addition, pressure increase could affect the time of water filling; the voltage and current tend to be stable or constant.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Munawar Alfansury Siregar ◽  
Wawan Septiawan Damanik ◽  
Sudirman Lubis

<p class="Abstract">The use of solar energy every day is increasing due to the greater human need for energy. the application of solar desalination equipment is classified as a renewable technology that is very profitable because the energy used is obtained for free and does not cause damage to the environment. This study examines the performance of the solar desalination device with a single slope model with a passive system. It is hoped that greater energy absorption is expected to accelerate the process of evaporation of seawater in the evaporator so as to produce lots of clean water. The desalination tool on the surface of the wall is insulated using aluminum foil with a thickness of 20 mm. The highest solar intensity was obtained on the fifth day of testing, namely 420.85 W/m<sup>2</sup> with the radiation heat transfer coefficient of 18.44 W/m<sup>2 o</sup>C, and the lowest solar intensity on the second day, namely 96.89 W/m<sup>2</sup> with the lowest total outside heat transfer coefficient of 25.57 W/m<sup>2 o</sup>C. The highest evaporative heat transfer coefficient is 10.54 W/m<sup>2 o</sup>C and the lowest is 4.42 W/m<sup>2</sup> <sup>o</sup>C. the lowest energy absorbed by the evaporator on the second day was 1.37 kWh. And the highest efficiency on the fifth day reached 58.89% and the lowest energy efficiency on the second day, namely 34.05%.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael M. El-Maghlany ◽  
enass massoud ◽  
mohamed Elhelw

Abstract One of most reduction reasons of simple conventional solar still productivity is the coupling between high solar intensity and the high ambient temperature in the same time. The high intensity increases the saline water temperature while the outside temperature increases the glass temperature and consequently reduction in saline water and glass temperature difference leads to reduction in condensation and productivity. The present theoretical study focuses on the completion of the absorbed solar energy in the basin to be constant during the day. The basin water will be in high temperature level all day especially at the time of low outside temperature far away the noon. The absorbed heat in the basin is held constant at αw Imax by extra heat from wind turbine power with battery storage system all day hours. The results show that, the solar still productivity with constant heat supply is more than that with same amount of variable energy during sun rise time only (6 AM to 6 PM) by 69.133 %. So, constant absorbed heat in the water basin (αw Imax) through the 24 hr of the day enhances the performance with productivity up to 248 % with the hybrid solar and electric power consumption of the wind turbine power. The water in the basin is held constant at 2 cm via makeup water to compensate the evaporation rate.


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