scholarly journals Physics of geospace storms

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-77
Author(s):  
L.F. Chernogor ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Lower Ionosphere ◽  
First Century ◽  
Ionospheric Storm ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
System Paradigm

A review of our knowledge about the coupling of solar-terrestrial processes, manifestations of geospace storms, and variations in space weather is presented. Space weather effects are analyzed within the system paradigm concept. The system where geospace storms occur is a Sun–interplanetary medium–magnetosphere–ionosphere–atmosphere–Earth (interior spheres) aggregate (SIMMIAE). An early twenty-first- century geospace superstorm that occurred on November 7 – 10, 2004, is examined in detail. Clustered instrument observations of this storm effects are presented. The investigation of the physical effects of geospace storms is noted to be the most important field of study in space geophysics. The problem of subsystem coupling in the SIMMIAE system during a geospace storm is interdisciplinary in nature. Its solution requires an application of the system approach. The problem has a multifactor character. The subsystem response is determined by the simultaneous (synergetic) impact of a few disturbing factors. It is important to note that the SIMMIAE is an open, nonlinear, and nonstationary system. Within it, direct coupling and feedback processes, positive and negative linkages operate. Due to the myriads of manifestations of geospace storms, because of the unique nature of each storm, the investigation of occurring physical effects is far from complete. In addition to a thorough investigation of the storm’s physical effects, there is an urgent need to model and forecast the storms adequately and in detail. The solution to these problems will facilitate the survival and steady progress of our civilization, relying more and more on new state-of-the-art technology. The more technologically reliant our society is, the more vulnerable the civilization's infrastructure to solar and geospace storm impacts becomes. A classification of geostorms based on Akasofu's epsilon parameter has been advanced. Six types of geostorm have been introduced, and a geostorm index has been suggested. A classification of ionospheric storms and disturbances based on the magnitude of variations in the peak density of the F2 layer has been suggested. Five types of the ionospheric storm have been introduced. An ionospheric index characterizing the intensity of negative and positive ionospheric storms has been suggested. A classification of ionospheric storms and disturbances based on the magnitude of variations in the lower-ionosphere electron density has been proposed. Six types of the positive ionospheric storm have been introduced. The appropriate ionospheric index has been suggested. The physics-based model of the evolution of each group of ionospheric storms and disturbances has been determined. The linkages among magnetic, ionospheric, and atmospheric storms, as well as electric field disturbances, have been shown.

Jazz Bubble

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Chapman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
First Century ◽  
Music Culture ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
A Site

Hailed by corporate, philanthropic, and governmental organizations as a metaphor for democratic interaction and business dynamics, contemporary jazz culture has a story to tell about the relationship between political economy and social practice in the era of neoliberal capitalism. The Jazz Bubble approaches the emergence of the neoclassical jazz aesthetic since the 1980s as a powerful, if unexpected, point of departure for a wide-ranging investigation of important social trends during this period. The emergence of financialization as a key dimension of the global economy shapes a variety of aspects of contemporary jazz culture, and jazz culture comments upon this dimension in turn. During the stateside return of Dexter Gordon in the mid-1970s, the cultural turmoil of the New York fiscal crisis served as a crucial backdrop to understanding the resonance of Gordon’s appearances in the city. The financial markets directly inform the structural upheaval that major label jazz subsidiaries must navigate in the music industry of the early twenty-first century, and they inform the disruptive impact of urban redevelopment in communities that have relied upon jazz as a site of economic vibrancy. In examining these issues, The Jazz Bubble seeks to intensify conversations surrounding music, culture, and political economy.

Voters and Voting in Context

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Schoen ◽  
Sigrid Roßteutscher ◽  
Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck ◽  
Bernhard Weßels ◽  
Christof Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
First Century ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
Contextual Features ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
Theoretical Issues

After a brief review of the scholarly discussion about the idea that context affects political behavior, this chapter proposes a model for the analysis of contextual effects on opinion formation and voting behavior. It highlights theoretical issues in the interplay of various contextual features and voter predispositions in bringing about contextual effects on voters. This model guides the analyses of contextual effects on voter behavior in Germany in the early twenty-first century. These analyses draw on rich data from multiple voter surveys and various sources of information about contextual features. The chapter also gives an overview of different methodological approaches and challenges in the analysis of contextual effects on voting behavior.

Continuing Visions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Social Activism ◽  
William Blake ◽  
First Century ◽  
Ridley Scott ◽  
American Novel ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Protest Group ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Dead Man

The questions that drove Blake’s American reception, from its earliest moments in the nineteenth century through to the explosion of Blakeanism in the mid-twentieth century, did not disappear. Visions of America continued to be part of Blake’s late twentieth- and early twenty-first century American legacy. This chapter begins with the 1982 film Blade Runner, which was directed by the British Ridley Scott but had an American-authored screenplay and was based on a 1968 American novel, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? It moves to Jim Jarmusch’s 1995 film, Dead Man and Paul Chan’s twenty-first century social activism as part of a protest group called The Friends of William Blake, exploring common themes of democracy, freedom, limit, nationhood, and poetic shape.

Dewey and Pragmatist Feminist Philosophy

2017 ◽  
pp. 270-290
Author(s):  
Lisa Heldke
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Philosophy Of Education ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Feminist Epistemology ◽  
First Century ◽  
Feminist Philosophy ◽  
Small Field ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth

John Dewey’s record as a feminist and an advocate of women is mixed. He valued women intellectual associates whose influences he acknowledged, but did not develop theoretical articulations of the reasons for women’s subordination and marginalization. Given his mixed record, this chapter asks, how useful is Dewey’s work as a resource for feminist philosophy? It begins with a survey of the intellectual influences that connect Dewey with a set of women family members, colleagues, and students. It then discusses Dewey’s influence on the work of late twentieth- and early twenty-first-century pragmatist feminist philosophers. Dewey’s influence has been strongest in the fields of feminist epistemology, philosophy of education, and social and political philosophy. Although pragmatist feminist philosophy remains a small field within feminist philosophy, this chapter argues that its conceptual resources could be put to further good use, particularly in feminist metaphysics, epistemology, and value theory.

Contrasting patterns of early twenty-first-century glacier mass change in the Himalayas

Nature ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 488 (7412) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kääb ◽  
Etienne Berthier ◽  
Christopher Nuth ◽  
Julie Gardelle ◽  
Yves Arnaud
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Mass Change ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Twenty First Century

Machine Learning Arrives in Archaeology

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-191
Author(s):  
Simon H. Bickler
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
First Century ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Archaeological Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
Archaeological Analysis

OverviewMachine learning (ML) is rapidly being adopted by archaeologists interested in analyzing a range of geospatial, material cultural, textual, natural, and artistic data. The algorithms are particularly suited toward rapid identification and classification of archaeological features and objects. The results of these new studies include identification of many new sites around the world and improved classification of large archaeological datasets. ML fits well with more traditional methods used in archaeological analysis, and it remains subject to both the benefits and difficulties of those approaches. Small datasets associated with archaeological work make ML vulnerable to hidden complexity, systemic bias, and high validation costs if not managed appropriately. ML's scalability, flexibility, and rapid development, however, make it an essential part of twenty-first-century archaeological practice. This review briefly describes what ML is, how it is being used in archaeology today, and where it might be used in the future for archaeological purposes.

Power in Russia: Modus Vivendi and Artis Imago

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Zlotnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Art Criticism ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Modus Vivendi ◽  
History Of ◽  
Creative Experience ◽  
History Of Culture

Contemporary Russian socio-cultural, cultural and philosophical, socio psychological, artistic and aesthetic practices actualize the Russian tradition of rejection, criticism, undisguised hatred and fear of power. Today, however, power has ceased to be a subject of one-dimensional denial or condemnation, becoming the subject of an interdisciplinary scientific discourse that integrates cultural studies, philosophy, social psychology, semiotics, art criticism and history (history of culture). The article provides theoretical substantiation and empirical support for the two facets of notions of power. The first facet is the unique, not only political, but also mental determinant of the problem of power in Russia, a kind of reflection of modus vivendi. The second facet is the artistic and image-based determinant of problem of power in Russia designated as artis imago. Theoretical grounds for solving these problems are found in F. Nietzsche’s perceptions of the binary “potentate-mass” opposition, G. Le Bon’s of the “leader”, K.-G. Jung’s of mechanisms of human motivation for power. The paper dwells on the “semiosis of power” in the focus of thoughts by A. F. Losev, P. A. Sorokin, R. Barthes. Based on S. Freud’s views of the unconscious and G. V. Plekhanov’s and J. Maritain’s views of the totalitarian power, we substantiate the concept of “the imperial unconscious”. The paper focuses on the importance of the freedom motif in art (D. Diderot and V. G. Belinsky as theorists, S. Y. Yursky as an art practitioner). Power as a subject of influence and object of analysis by Russian creators is studied on the material of perceptions and creative experience of A. S. Pushkin (in the context of works devoted to Russian “impostors” by numerous authors). Special attention is paid to the early twenty-first century television series on Soviet rulers (Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Furtseva). The conclusion is made on the relevance of Pushkin’s remark about “living power” “hated by the rabble” for contemporary Russia.

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