scholarly journals The Factor of ‘Hard Power’ in the Middle Eastern Policy of the USA in the Beginning of XXI century

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (62-63) ◽  
pp. 130-141
Author(s):  
N.V. Slobodian
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
The Usa ◽  
In The Beginning

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (leaf curl).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk Czosnek
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Whitefly Vector ◽  
Leaf Curl

Abstract The wide global distribution of tomato crops and the dramatic outbreaks of the populations of the TYLCV vector, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, led to a pandemic of this devastating disease. The virus probably arose in the Middle East between the 1930s and 1950s. Its global invasion began in the 1980s after the emergence of two strains: TYLCV-IL and TYLCV-Mld. The long-distance transportation of viruliferous whiteflies contaminating commercial shipments of tomato seedlings and ornamentals is probably the major reason for the virus pandemic (Caciagli, 2007). Sequence analyses allowed Lefeuvre et al. (2010) to trace the history of TYLCV spread. For instance, TYLCV-IL has invaded the Americas at least twice, once from the Mediterranean basin in 1992-1994 and once from Asia (a descendant of imported Middle Eastern TYLCV) in 1999-2003. As a result the estimated losses caused by TYLCV reached about 20% of tomato production in the USA, and 30-100% in the Caribbean Islands, Mexico, Central America and Venezuela. Therefore several countries (Australia, EU) have established severe quarantine measures to control the whitefly vector.

Arsenic, cadmium, and lead contents of rice imported into Qatar-impact on intake

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahra Elobeid ◽  
Vijay Ganji ◽  
Khloud Moustafa ◽  
Fatima Mohammed ◽  
Loujain El-Ouzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Rice Consumption ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine arsenic, cadmium and lead contents of rice imports and to estimate their impact on these heavy metal intakes in Qatar. Design/methodology/approach In total, 30 rice samples imported from various countries (Vietnam, Thailand, India, Pakistan, the USA, Australia, the UK and Lebanon) were analyzed for arsenic, cadmium and lead contents with plasma optical spectrometer. These heavy metal intakes from rice were estimated for Qatar population based on the per capita consumption of rice as per 2018 rice consumption data. Findings In all rice samples, mean concentrations of arsenic, cadmium and lead were 1.11 mg/kg, 19.7 µg/kg and 131.3 µg/kg, respectively. Average arsenic, cadmium and lead contents were the highest in rice imported from Thailand (1.25 mg/kg), Vietnam (30 µg/kg) and India (178.3 µg/kg), respectively. Estimated arsenic, cadmium and lead intakes through rice consumption by Qatari population were 225.7, 4 and 26.7 µg/day, respectively. Originality/value In all rice imports, arsenic content is approximately 5.5 times higher than the maximum allowable concentration (MAC), whereas the cadmium and lead levels are within the MAC. Because these heavy metals are linked to health, all Middle Eastern countries that import rice from Thailand, Vietnam and India should monitor the metal contents in their food supply on a regular basis.

scholarly journals Symbolic meaning and use of broad beans in traditional foods of the Mediterranean Basin and the Middle East

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Pasqualone ◽  
Ali Abdallah ◽  
Carmine Summo
Keyword(s):  
Broad Bean ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Broad Beans ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Broad beans (Vicia faba L.) are rarely consumed in Northern Europe and in the USA, whereas they are constantly present in the culinary habits of the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries. This grain legume is characterized by interesting nutritional properties because of high levels of complex carbohydrates, proteins, and dietary fiber, coupled with a low content of saturated lipids and the presence of several bioactive compounds. However, broad beans are much more than a cheap source of nutrients. Among the oldest domesticated legumes, they have also a cultural value linked to an ancient symbolic meaning. Generally associated with funerary rituals, broad beans have also a positive significance being “dead” seeds with a regenerative capacity. This review focuses on the social symbolism of broad bean consumption and its associated rituals. Furthermore, the culinary habits related to this legume are analyzed along different Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries, from Egypt to Iran. Soups, thick gruels, and purees were found to be by far the most common culinary preparations. Using the Egyptian ful medames as a model, the study highlights a link between broad bean–based dishes in different countries, which arises from similar environmental conditions and from cultural interactions along trade routes. Enhancing the knowledge of these ethnic legume-based foods could improve the diet of Western countries by increasing the consumption of legumes.

scholarly journals Congenital nephrotic syndrome: is early aggressive treatment needed? Yes

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1985-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuula Hölttä ◽  
Hannu Jalanko
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Aggressive Treatment ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Gene Defects ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Gene Diagnostics

Abstract Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) was primarily considered one disease entity. Hence, one treatment protocol was proposed in the beginning to all CNS patients. Today, with the help of gene diagnostics, we know that CNS is a heterogeneous group of disorders and therefore, different treatment protocols are needed. The most important gene defects causing CNS are NPHS1, NPHS2, WT1, LAMB2, and PLCE1. Before active treatment, all infants with CNS died. It was stated already in the mid-1980s that intensive medical therapy followed by kidney transplantation (KTx) should be the choice of treatment for infants with severe CNS. In Finland, early aggressive treatment protocol was adopted from the USA and further developed for treatment of children with the Finnish type of CNS. The aim of this review is to state reasons for “early aggressive treatment” including daily albumin infusions, intensified nutrition, and timely bilateral nephrectomy followed by KTx at the age of 1–2 years.

scholarly journals Partners in Care: Staywell Support Group for patients. In the beginning was an idea

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
Sandra Burton ◽  
Adrian Blaj
Keyword(s):  
Support Group ◽  
Alcoholics Anonymous ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Usa ◽  
In The Beginning

Motto: With perseverance a blade of glass splits rocks(Chinese proverb).Over 3 years ago a former in-patient of mine walked quietly into my clinic and asked my opinion in respect of her desire to put something back into the system which helped her to recover. I instantly thought that this was a brilliant idea; a support group run by the patients for the patients! People around me remained sceptical about this project and simply thought the project was doomed to failure from the start as there was no known long-term successful precedent. Then I thought of the idea behind the enormously successful Alcoholics Anonymous self-help organisation founded in the USA by two alcoholic men, a surgeon and stockbroker. The result was impressive – I only wish that this project would find deep resonance in a few dedicated hearts and spread nationally. For those who want to read further about this against-all-the-odds journey, I stop myself and let Sandra tell the story about the origin of the Staywell Support Group.

West Asia Since 1900

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatol Lieven
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Informal Empire ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Us Hegemony

The history of West Asia over the past century has been defined by the collapse of three great empires. Contemporary history of the region is being defined by the decay of a fourth, informal empire —the USA — and the appearance of a new local power, the Islamic State, which is radically hostile to the US hegemony, local regimes and the very existence of the states of the region. These ruins of empire have been preceded, accompanied, and, to a considerable extent, caused by the decay of the civilizational ideologies, which had legitimized imperial rule. While internal culture, social and economic factors have been crucial barriers to modernization, so too has been the dependence of would-be modernizing Middle Eastern states on the US imperial hegemon. This dependency has stripped these states of the nationalist legitimacy which elsewhere has been vital to the introduction of necessary but highly painful and contested reforms.

Erdafitinib as a Novel and Advanced Treatment Strategy of Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parveen Bansal ◽  
Deepak K. Dwivedi ◽  
Deepa Hatwal ◽  
Priyanka Sharma ◽  
Vikas Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
First Line ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Platinum Chemotherapy ◽  
Common Malignancy ◽  
Fgfr Inhibition

: Urothelial carcinoma has become the ninth most common malignancy in the world. Since 1980s, diverse studies and treatment methods came out with their possible effects along with certain limitations. Initially, platinum chemotherapy was considered as first line treatment of the disease. Although it was proved to be effective in the beginning yet most number of cases reported the reoccurrence of the disease. Furthermore, aberrant ligand-dependent and constitutive ligandindependent fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signalling has been reported in large number of solid tumours including urothelial carcinoma that became the basis for FGFR inhibition for the treatment of the disease. Erdafitinib is a pan-FGFR inhibitor that was recently approved in the USA for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic FGFR3 or FGFR2 urothelial carcinoma. The drug is also being investigated as a treatment for other cancers including cholangiocarcinoma, liver cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, lymphoma cancer and oesophageal cancer. This article summarizes the various treatments evolved for bladder cancer till now, brief description of biology of FGFR inhibition, clinical pharmacology and various clinical trials of erdafitinib.

Zipf’s Law and World Military Expenditures

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paschalis Arvanitidis ◽  
Christos Kollias
Keyword(s):  
Military Spending ◽  
Zipf’S Law ◽  
Zipf's Law ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
Military Strength ◽  
The Military

AbstractThe paper employs Zipf’s law to examine the distribution of military spending across countries in the world over the period 1988–2012. Military spending can cautiously be treated as a crude and distant proxy for military capacity and strength, and hence states’ hard power. The paper finds that the first-in-rank country (the USA) consistently spends more on the production of military capabilities than what is projected by Zipf’s law to correspond to a balanced international structure. This, tentatively interpreted, implies the use of military strength (and the concomitant costs for acquiring it) as a tool of hegemonic status consolidation, perhaps vis-à-vis other rising global players. In turn, the countries at the lower end of the rank, although they have overall increased their military outlays, seem to spend less on defence than this is anticipated by the law. This finding may be pointing to free-riding on the military strength of allies and other major powers.

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