Genetic diversity of the free-living population of Przewalski's horses in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone

The present study is aimed at evaluating the genetic diversity, genetic status and the extent of hybridization with the domestic horse for the Przhevalski’s horse (Equus ferus przewalskii Poliakov 1881) population free-ranging in the territory of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) in Belarus and Ukraine. The sample size included 12 individuals (10 sampled in the Belarusian part of the CEZ and 2 from the Ukrainian part of the CEZ). Ten microsatellites recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) for horse genetic status and pedigree determination were used as markers in this study. The fragment analysis data obtained utilising this microsatellite panel determined that two individuals from Belarus possess no allelic variants typical for Przhevalski’s horse. Most of the other individuals presented diagnostically valuable allelic variants. Demographic history analysis for the population did not indicate any drastic population shrinkage events in the population’s recent history. The studied population is characterised by heterogeneous population structure with signs of inbreeding (0.21 %), intermediate level of genetic diversity (He = 0.63) and allelic richness (5.15), possesses 16 unique alleles among 2 microsatellite loci and valuable alleles for loci HMS3 and HMS7 (46.4 and 67.9 % specific alleles for Przhevalski’s horse, respectively). Genetic structure evaluation for the population was performed via Bayesian population structure analysis and factorial correspondence analysis (FCA), which indicated the presence of intrapopulation genetic subdivision. Taking into account the obtained indicators of genetic diversity, we may conclude on the relatively favourable status of Przewalski’s horse in the exclusion zone with good potential for the long-term existence of the species population in the wild. In order to minimise inbreeding effects and the risk of a decline in genetic diversity in the population of Przewalski’s horse of the exclusion zone, as well as to increase the value of this free-living group to preserve the gene pool of the species as a whole, it is necessary to provide detailed genetic monitoring of the livestock’s state, as well as develop a regional population management plan, including measures aimed to minimise the possibility of further hybridisation of wild horses with domestic ones.

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Genetic diversity of the lichen-forming alga, Diplosphaera chodatii, in North America and Europe

The Lichenologist ◽

10.1017/s0024282913000510 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 799-813 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kyle M. FONTAINE ◽

Elfie STOCKER-WÖRGÖTTER ◽

Tom BOOTH ◽

Michele D. PIERCEY-NORMORE

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Gene Flow ◽

North America ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Water Level Fluctuations ◽

Free Living ◽

Climatic Zones ◽

Algal Symbiont ◽

Low Levels

AbstractDermatocarpon luridum is a subaquatic lichen which is distributed within temperate climatic zones around the world. It colonizes rock substrata along the shoreline of lakes and rivers of watersheds that regularly experience water level fluctuations. The mycobiont produces perithecia with small, simple spores that are thought to be wind dispersed. The photobiont, Diplosphaera chodatii, occurs both free-living and lichenized but little is known about its distribution and dispersal. The goal of this study was to compare the population structure of the photobiont from lakes and rivers in central North America with those of Europe. Specimens were collected in Manitoba, Canada and Austria. Population structure of the algal symbiont was assessed using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and actin gene sequences. Results showed that genetic diversity and gene flow was high within local populations, but gene flow was low between continental populations. Low levels of gene flow between the most distant populations support the isolation-by-distance theory. The photobiont on both continents is also reported to be the photobiont for other lichen species contributing to photobiont availability for D. luridum.

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Genetic diversity and population structure of four cattle breeds raised in Turkey using microsatellite markers

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/62/2019-cjas ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 411-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eymen Demir ◽

Murat Soner Balcioğlu

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Factorial Correspondence Analysis ◽

Cattle Breeds ◽

Expected Heterozygosity ◽

Bottleneck Analysis ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Native Cattle ◽

Marker Level

In the present study, genetic diversity and population structure of Holstein Friesian and three native cattle breeds of Turkey including Turkish Grey Steppe, Eastern Anatolian Red and Anatolian Black were assessed. Totally 120 individuals of 4 breeds were genotyped using 20 microsatellite markers and 204 different alleles, of which 31 were private alleles, were detected. The average observed and expected heterozygosity values were 0.63 and 0.74, respectively. Observed heterozygosity at the marker level ranged from 0.30 (DRBP1) to 0.88 (ILSTS011), while expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.51 (INRABERN172) to 0.88 (SPS113). Inbreeding coefficient values for Turkish Grey Steppe, Eastern Anatolian Red, Anatolian Black and Holstein Friesian were 0.216, 0.202, 0.128 and 0.069, respectively. The lowest pairwise F<sub>ST</sub> value (0.030) was detected between Turkish Grey Steppe and Anatolian Black breeds, while the highest value (0.070) was detected between Turkish Grey Steppe and Holstein Friesian. Results of structure and factorial correspondence analysis revealed that Turkish native cattle breeds and Holstein Friesian were genetically different enough to separate the two breeds. Results of bottleneck analysis indicated heterozygosity deficiency in Turkish Grey Steppe (P < 0.05).

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Przewalski's horse — putting the wild horse back in the wild

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605300027770 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 154-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Oliver A. Ryder

Keyword(s):

Gene Pool ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Captive Population ◽

Free Living ◽

Wild Horse ◽

In The Wild ◽

Equus Przewalskii ◽

Przewalski's Horse ◽

Przewalski’S Horse

Efforts are under way to re-establish free-living populations of Przewalski's horse Equus przewalskii from zoo-bred individuals. The time is opportune to begin such initiatives as there are more than 660 individuals dispersed in over 70 zoological collections. In addition, the captive population is now increasing rapidly and has the potential to provide reasonable numbers of animals for reintroduction programmes without jeopardizing the maintenance of the population that serves as an ex-situ gene pool nucleus.

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Linkage disequilibrium patterns, population structure and diversity analysis in a worldwide durum wheat collection including Argentinian genotypes

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-021-07519-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pablo Federico Roncallo ◽

Adelina Olga Larsen ◽

Ana Laura Achilli ◽

Carolina Saint Pierre ◽

Cristian Andrés Gallo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Linkage Disequilibrium ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Snp Array ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Allelic Variants

Abstract Background Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum Desf. Husn) is the main staple crop used to make pasta products worldwide. Under the current climate change scenarios, genetic variability within a crop plays a crucial role in the successful release of new varieties with high yields and wide crop adaptation. In this study we evaluated a durum wheat collection consisting of 197 genotypes that mainly comprised a historical set of Argentinian germplasm but also included worldwide accessions. Results We assessed the genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns in this collection using a 35 K SNP array. The level of polymorphism was considered, taking account of the frequent and rare allelic variants. A total of 1547 polymorphic SNPs was located within annotated genes. Genetic diversity in the germplasm collection increased slightly from 1915 to 2010. However, a reduction in genetic diversity using SNPs with rare allelic variants was observed after 1979. However, larger numbers of rare private alleles were observed in the 2000–2009 period, indicating that a high reservoir of rare alleles is still present among the recent germplasm in a very low frequency. The percentage of pairwise loci in LD in the durum genome was low (13.4%) in our collection. Overall LD and the high (r2 > 0.7) or complete (r2 = 1) LD presented different patterns in the chromosomes. The LD increased over three main breeding periods (1915–1979, 1980–1999 and 2000–2020). Conclusions Our results suggest that breeding and selection have impacted differently on the A and B genomes, particularly on chromosome 6A and 2A. The collection was structured in five sub-populations and modern Argentinian accessions (cluster Q4) which were clearly differentiated. Our study contributes to the understanding of the complexity of Argentinian durum wheat germplasm and to derive future breeding strategies enhancing the use of genetic diversity in a more efficient and targeted way.

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Genetic diversity and population structure in caprifigs (Ficus carica var. caprificus) using SSR markers

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2018163-11662 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0703

Author(s):

Oguzhan Caliskan ◽

Safder Bayazit ◽

Muruvvet Ilgin ◽

Nesrin Karatas ◽

Ali Ergul

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Reference Group ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Ficus Carica ◽

Factorial Correspondence Analysis ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Germplasm Resource ◽

Population Structure Analysis ◽

Great Genetic Diversity

Abundant wild and cultivated fig germplasm can be found in Turkey, a center of diversity for figs; however, many of these valuable genetic resources have not yet been identified or characterized using molecular markers. In the present study, microsatellite markers were used to characterize a set of 96 caprifig (Ficus carica var. caprificus) accessions from Turkey. The caprifig accessions showed considerable polymorphism with an average of 8.3 alleles per locus. The number of alleles per locus varied from three for the loci LMFC18 and LMFC23, to 14 for the loci FCUPO38-6 and FCUPO08. Genetic distance values and cluster analyses revealed high genetic similarities, except for the reference group, among the caprifig groups. Factorial correspondence analysis also separated the caprifig groups, suggesting that caprifig populations from Turkey were unmixed, probably because of low gene flow, likely because germplasm has not yet been moved among geographical areas and because many caprifig populations arose from propagation by seed. In our population structure analysis, the caprifig accessions could be grouped according to the regions from where they were sampled. Our molecular data revealed great genetic diversity within this caprifig germplasm. This genetically rich caprifig germplasm resource will be useful for both fig breeding programs and analysis of the complex genetic structure of figs that reproduce using various pollination strategies.

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Genetic diversity of the Northern Morocco goat population assessed with microsatellite markers

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2017153-9218 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. e0404 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Najat El Moutchou ◽

Ana M. González-Martínez ◽

Mouad Chentouf ◽

Khalid Lairini ◽

Evangelina Rodero

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Equilibrium Analysis ◽

Factorial Correspondence Analysis ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Analysis Of Molecular Variance ◽

Closed Population ◽

Molecular Variance ◽

Goat Population ◽

Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium

The main goal of this work was to study the genetic diversity of the Northern Morocco goat population through the analysis of 19 microsatellites in 144 animals from 61 herds. To detect a possible population structure, three distinct geographic subpopulations were characterized as a function of climate and environmental influences. Most of the markers were highly polymorphic, and the results revealed considerable genetic variation across the studied loci. A total of 204 alleles were detected, with an average number of 10.7 per locus. The PIC average was 0.728, and four microsatellites showed a significant deviation (p< 0.05) from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that only 0.5% of the variation corresponded to differences among subpopulations, and 99.5% corresponded to differences among individuals. Factorial correspondence analysis showed intense admixtures across the putative subpopulations, and the subdivision related to geographical or environmental adaptation was undetectable. The Northern Morocco goat population presented high genetic diversity and a lack of population structure. The main reason for these findings is the absence of the breed concept (reproductively closed population), resulting in uncontrolled crossbreeding with exotic breeds and other local goats.

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Genetic diversity and population structure of Populus yunnanensis revealed by SSR markers

Pakistan Journal of Botany ◽

10.30848/pjb2020-6(21) ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Anpei Zhou ◽

Dan Zong ◽

Peihua Gan ◽

Yao Zhang ◽

Dan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Ssr Markers

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ANALYSIS OF GENETIC STRUCTURE OF DOGS OF FRENCH BULLDOG BREED USING MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS

Animal Breeding and Genetics ◽

10.31073/abg.51.25 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 185-192

Author(s):

S. Kruhlyk ◽

V. Dzitsiuk ◽

V. Spyrydonov

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Dna Markers ◽

Microsatellite Dna ◽

High Variability ◽

Molecular Diagnostic ◽

Allelic Variants ◽

Microsatellite Dna Markers ◽

Gene Complexes ◽

French Bulldog

Genetic variability of domestic dogs is a source for effective process of breed formation and creating unique gene complexes. In the world, for preservation of genetic resources of dogs, there are dog training associations which have great confidence: American Club Dog Breeders (AKC), the British Kennel Club (KC) and the Federation Cynologique Internationale (FCI), aimed at protecting breeding dogs, standards creation, registration of a breed, and issuance of accurate pedigrees. Evaluation of the genetic diversity of dog breeds is able to significantly complement and improve their breeding programs. Since breeds of dog differ in morphological and economic characteristics, the problem of finding of the breed features in the genome of animals is becoming more topical. From this point of view, French Bulldog is an interesting breed of dog (FRANC.BULLDOGGE, FCI standard number 101) which belongs by the classification of breeds, adopted in FCI, to the group IX – a dog-companion for health and fun, but to a subgroup of fighting dogs of a small format. French Bulldog breed has been researched slightly not only in Ukraine and also abroad, as the main work of all dog association is focused on solving theoretical and practical issues of breeding, keeping, feeding, veterinary protection and others. The study was conducted at Research Department of Molecular Diagnostic Tests of Ukrainian Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products. 33 animals of French Bulldog breed, admitted to use in dog breeding of Ukrainian Kennel Union (UKU), were involved for the genetic analysis using DNA markers. The materials of the research were buccal epithelial cells, selected before the morning feeding of animals by scraping mucous membrane of oral cavity with disposable, dry, sterile cotton swab. Genomic DNA was extracted using KIT-set of reagents for DNA isolation according to the manufacturer's instructions. PEZ1, PEZ3, PEZ6, PEZ8, FHC 2010, FHC 2054 markers, recommended by International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG), ACN, КC and FCI, were used for research. As a result of research 25 alleles for all the loci were detected in the experimental sample of dogs. The average number of alleles at the locus Na, obtained by direct counting, was 4.16. The most polymorphic loci for this breed were PEZ6 and PEZ3 with 8 and 6 allelic variants. Monomorphic loci were PEZ8 and FHC 2054 which had 4 and 3 alleles and the lowest level of polymorphism was observed for PEZ 1 and FHC 2010 loci in which only 2 alleles were identified. On analyzing the molecular genetic characteristics of dogs of French Bulldog breed, we found a high variability of genotype on rare alleles, which included alleles: M, C, D, E, J, K, L, O, N and representing 60% of the total number of the identified alleles. C, D, E alleles for PEZ3 locus and O allele at PEZ6 locus are unique to the sampling of dogs because they are not repeated in other loci. Typical alleles: N, F, R, I, P, K, M are 40% of the total. But F, R alleles for PEZ3 locus and P allele for locus PEZ6 are not repeated either in standard allelic variants or in rare one, indicating a high information content of these alleles and loci to be used for further monitoring of allele pool, genetic certification and identification of dogs. Microsatellite DNA loci were analyzed as a result of investigations of French Bulldogs and the most informative: PEZ3, PEZ6 and PEZ8 were found, which have high efficiency in individual and breed certification of dogs due to high variability. These data allow further monitoring of the state of genetic diversity of the breed and the development of measures for improvement of breeding to preserve the structure of breeding material. The study of individual and population genetic variability is advisable to continue for breeding of French Bulldogs "in purity" and preserving valuable gene complexes. The results are the basis for further monitoring of the proposed informative panels of microsatellite DNA markers for genotyping dog of French Bulldog breed and their complex evaluation.

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