Serum levels of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in COVID-19 patients

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is one of the most important health problems in our population. From the early stages of the disease progression, the activation of Vitamin D in kidney is affected, resulting in abnormality in the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis in the blood. In the present study, 30 Chronic Renal Failure patients visiting Nephrology OPD and 30 age and sex matched volunteers were studied. Serum levels of Urea, Creatinine, Calcium, Phosphate and Vitamin D were measured in the study participants. The data after statistical analysis showed signicantly higher levels of Phophate and signicantly lower levels of Calcium and Vitamin D in the CRF patients in comparison to healthy control subjects. Phosphate and Vitamin D also shows signicant correlation with serum creatinine levels in the CRF patients. The present study conrms the abnormality in Calcium-Phosphorus metabolism as a complication of CRF in our population, and highlights the importance of regularly measuring these parameters in CRF patients and possible need of taking corrective measures in this regard.

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Pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder

10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0117 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra Voinescu ◽

Nadia Wasi Iqbal ◽

Kevin J. Martin

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Mineral And Bone Disorder ◽

Vitamin D Metabolism ◽

Bone Disorder ◽

Calcium Phosphorus

Chronic kidney disease is associated with the inability to control normal mineral homeostasis, resulting in abnormalities in serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and vitamin D metabolism. These disturbances lead to the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism, skeletal abnormalities, vascular calcifications, and other systemic manifestations. Traditionally, mineral and bone abnormalities seen in chronic kidney disease were included in the term ‘renal osteodystrophy’. More recently, the term chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder was introduced to define the biochemical abnormalities of phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, FGF23, calcium, or vitamin D metabolism, abnormalities in bone remodelling and mineralization, and vascular or other soft tissue calcifications.

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Effects of Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone on Serum Levels of Thyroid Hormones in Short-term Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3923/pjbs.2006.1591.1594 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1591-1594 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahmoud Abu-Samak ◽

Moayad Khataibeh . ◽

Aurelia Crevoi .

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Short Term ◽

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽

Stimulating Hormone

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C-reactive protein and parathyroid hormone in acute severe psychotic disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorder)

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2104 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S185-S186

Author(s):

S. Arya ◽

H. Ahmadkhaniha ◽

K. Alavi ◽

B. Arya ◽

Z. Zarei

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Psychotic Disorder ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Control Group ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Calcium Phosphorus

Introductionand objectives Schizophrenia accompanies with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and vitamin D deficiency. However, there are scarce documentations regarding bipolar disorder and methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorder.AimTo compare serum levels of vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphorus and CRP levels in psychotic disorder patients and control group.MethodsA case-control study was conducted on four groups: acute phase of schizophrenia, acute manic episode of bipolar disorder, methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorder and healthy control subjects. Sample size was 45 in each group. Weekly duration of sun exposure, monthly vitamin D intake and serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, PTH and CRP were assessed. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was used to evaluate psychotic symptoms.ResultsDuration of sun exposure and monthly vitamin D intake were comparable among groups. Serum levels of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus were not statistically different between groups (P = 0.463, P = 0.086 and P = 0.339, respectively). Serum levels of PTH were significantly higher in control group (P < 0.001). CRP levels were significantly lower in control subjects (P < 0.001). The levels of serum vitamin D and CRP did not show statistically significant difference among three groups of patients.ConclusionAcute psychotic disorders seem to be associated with higher CRP and lower PTH levels. Clinical importance of the findings and relation of these differences to the metabolic and inflammatory bases of psychosis are not clear yet.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Serum Vitamin D as a Biomarker in Autoimmune, Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics12010130 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

Giulia Bivona ◽

Caterina Maria Gambino ◽

Bruna Lo Sasso ◽

Concetta Scazzone ◽

Rosaria Vincenza Giglio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Meta Analyses

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone regulating calcium-phosphorus homeostasis, immune response and brain function. In the past thirty years, an increasing number of cohort studies, meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials (RTCs) evaluated the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], which is considered the Vitamin D status biomarker, in patients affected by neurological, psychiatric and autoimmune diseases. Although an association between low 25(OH)D serum levels and the prevalence of these diseases has been found, it is still unclear whether the serum 25(OH)D measurement can be clinically useful as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and predicting treatment response in neurodegeneration, mental illness and immune-mediated disorders. The lack of standardized data, as well as discrepancies among the studies (in the analytical methods, cut-offs, endpoints and study sets), weakened the findings achieved, hindered pooling data, and, consequently, hampered drawing conclusions. This narrative review summarizes the main findings from the studies performed on serum 25(OH)D in neurological, psychiatric and autoimmune diseases, and clarifies whether or not serum 25(OH)D can be used as a reliable biomarker in these diseases.

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Russian Association of Endocrinologists recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of vitamin D deficiency in adults

Problems of Endocrinology ◽

10.14341/probl201662460-84 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 60-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Ekaterina A. Pigarova ◽

Ludmila Ya. Rozhinskaya ◽

Janna E. Belaya ◽

Larisa K. Dzeranova ◽

Tatiana L. Karonova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Optimal Functioning ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Calcium Phosphorus

Background. Adequate intake of vitamin D and its concentration in serum is important for the health of bones and calcium-phosphorus metabolism and for the optimal functioning of many organs and tissues. Most epidemiological studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is widespread among the population in Russian Federation.Material and methods. We reviewed relevant literature on the epidemiology of insufficiency and deficiency, skeletal and extraskeletal effects of vitamin D and summarized recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in the general population, which were subsequently discussed and amended in conjunction with leading endocrinologists of the Russian Federation who are experts in this subject.Results. The optimal concentration of 25(OH)D in the serum as the best indicator of vitamin D body stores is recognized as 30—100 ng/ml (75—250 nmol/l), insufficiency — from 20 to 30 ng/ml (50 to 75 nmol/l), deficiency — less than 20 ng/ml (less than 50 nmol/l). In prevention and treatment it is recommended to stick to the target serum levels of 25(OH)D in the range of 30—60 ng/ml (75—150 nmol/l). We’ve developed a general practice recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in adults, including pregnant and lactating women, persons over 50 years old and subjects suffering from various diseases affecting the metabolism of vitamin D.Conclusions. Increased sufficiency of vitamin D in the population should be included as one of the priorities of modern healthcare due to proven preventive health effects on the musculoskeletal system and the potential positive impact on many socially significant diseases. This publication is a detailed version of the Federal Guideline.

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The effect of the blockade of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone on LH release in the rat

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1370197 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 137 (2) ◽

pp. 197-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

C. Caballero ◽

M. E. Celis

Keyword(s):

Continuous Infusion ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽

Lh Release ◽

Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT We have investigated the effect of blocking α-MSH on the release of LH in rats at pro-oestrus. Continuous infusion of Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (PLG; 0·2 μg/h), from the afternoon of dioestrus-2 until the day of oestrus, inhibited LH at pro-oestrus and the next ovulation on the day of oestrus. Plasma α-MSH levels decreased significantly in rats treated with PLG. This inhibitory effect on LH release was not observed in rats treated with a continuous infusion of a diluted antiserum against α-MSH (0·5 μl/h, diluted 1/10) from the afternoon of dioestrus-2 until the day of oestrus. On the contrary, the administration of undiluted antiserum against α-MSH (0·5 μl/h) blocked LH release and ovulation. The release of α-MSH into the blood was also significantly blocked by this treatment. When serum levels of progesterone were measured at 12.00 and 14.00 h in rats in which α-MSH release was blocked by PLG or concentrated antiserum, a significant decrease was observed when compared with the levels of progesterone in control rats. These results show that the blockade of α-MSH inhibits LH release and the next ovulation in rats treated with PLG or with concentrated antiserum against α-MSH, through a blockade of progesterone of adrenal origin. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 137, 197–202

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Vitamin D Supplementation and Serum Levels of Magne-sium and Selenium in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Gender Dimorphic Changes

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000190 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 84 (1-2) ◽

pp. 27-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nasser M. Al-Daghri ◽

Khalid M. Alkharfy ◽

Nasiruddin Khan ◽

Hanan A. Alfawaz ◽

Abdulrahman S. Al-Ajlan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Serum Selenium ◽

Dependent Manner

The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on circulating levels of magnesium and selenium in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 126 adult Saudi patients (55 men and 71 women, mean age 53.6 ± 10.7 years) with controlled T2DM were randomly recruited for the study. All subjects were given vitamin D3 tablets (2000 IU/day) for six months. Follow-up mean concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH) vitamin D] significantly increased in both men (34.1 ± 12.4 to 57.8 ± 17.0 nmol/L) and women (35.7 ± 13.5 to 60.1 ± 18.5 nmol/L, p < 0.001), while levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) decreased significantly in both men (1.6 ± 0.17 to 0.96 ± 0.10 pmol/L, p = 0.003) and women (1.6 ± 0.17 to 1.0 ± 0.14 pmol/L, p = 0.02). In addition, there was a significant increase in serum levels of selenium and magnesium in men and women (p-values < 0.001 and 0.04, respectively) after follow-up. In women, a significant correlation was observed between delta change (variables at six months-variable at baseline) of serum magnesium versus high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (r = 0.36, p = 0.006) and fasting glucose (r = - 0.33, p = 0.01). In men, there was a significant correlation between serum selenium and triglycerides (r = 0.32, p = 0.04). Vitamin D supplementation improves serum concentrations of magnesium and selenium in a gender-dependent manner, which in turn could affect several cardiometabolic parameters such as glucose and lipids.

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