Voltage Regulation Utilizing Electric Vehicle Rapid Chargers in a Distribution System

In this paper, a vehicle–grid integration (VGI) control strategy for radial power distribution networks is presented. The control schemes are designed at both microgrid level and distribution level. At the VGI microgrid level, the available power capacity for electric vehicle (EV) charging is optimally allocated for charging electric vehicles to meet charging requirements. At the distribution grid level, a distributed voltage compensation algorithm is designed to recover voltage violation when it happens at a distribution node. The voltage compensation is achieved through a negotiation between the grid-level agent and VGI microgrid agents using the alternating direction method of multipliers. In each negotiation round, individual agents pursue their own objectives. The computation can be carried out in parallel for each agent. The presented VGI control schemes are simulated and verified in a modified IEEE 37 bus distribution system. The simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the VGI control algorithms and the effect of algorithm parameters on the convergence of agent negotiation.

Download Full-text

Voltage Regulation Utilizing Electric Vehicle Rapid Chargers in a Distribution System

Electrical Engineering in Japan ◽

10.1002/eej.23095 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 204 (3) ◽

pp. 21-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

YUTA NAKAMURA ◽

RYOICHI HARA ◽

HIROYUKI KITA ◽

EIICHI TANAKA

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicle ◽

Distribution System ◽

Voltage Regulation

Download Full-text

Unit Template Based Control of PV-DSTATCOM

Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) ◽

10.2174/2352096511666181018112853 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 36-42

Author(s):

Gunjan Varshney ◽

Durg S. Chauhan ◽

Madhukar P. Dave ◽

Nitin

Keyword(s):

Power Quality ◽

Power Factor ◽

Power Distribution ◽

Distribution System ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Phase Distribution ◽

Voltage Regulation ◽

Photovoltaic Array ◽

Quality Issues ◽

Static Compensator

Background: In modern electrical power distribution systems, Power Quality has become an important concern due to the escalating use of automatic, microprocessor and microcontroller based end user applications. Methods: In this paper, power quality improvement has done using Photovoltaic based Distribution Static Compensator (PV-DSTATCOM). Complete simulation modelling and control of Photovoltaic based Distribution Static Compensator have been provided in the presented paper. In this configuration, DSTATCOM is fed by solar photovoltaic array and PV module is also helpful to maintain the DC link voltage. The switching of PV-STATCOM is controlled by Unit template based control theory. Results: The performance of PV-DSTATCOM has been evaluated for Unity Power Factor (UPF) and AC Voltage Control (ACVC) modes. Here, for studying the power quality issues three-phase distribution system is considered and results have been verified through simulation based on MATLAB software. Conclusion: Different power quality issues and their improvement are studied and presented here for harmonic reduction, DC voltage regulation and power factor correction.

Download Full-text

Optimized Strategic Planning of Future Norwegian Low-Voltage Networks with a Genetic Algorithm Applying Empirical Electric Vehicle Charging Data

Electricity ◽

10.3390/electricity2010006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 91-109

Author(s):

Julian Wruk ◽

Kevin Cibis ◽

Matthias Resch ◽

Hanne Sæle ◽

Markus Zdrallek

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Network Planning ◽

Voltage Regulation ◽

Electric Vehicle Charging ◽

Vehicle Charging ◽

The Impact

This article outlines methods to facilitate the assessment of the impact of electric vehicle charging on distribution networks at planning stage and applies them to a case study. As network planning is becoming a more complex task, an approach to automated network planning that yields the optimal reinforcement strategy is outlined. Different reinforcement measures are weighted against each other in terms of technical feasibility and costs by applying a genetic algorithm. Traditional reinforcements as well as novel solutions including voltage regulation are considered. To account for electric vehicle charging, a method to determine the uptake in equivalent load is presented. For this, measured data of households and statistical data of electric vehicles are combined in a stochastic analysis to determine the simultaneity factors of household load including electric vehicle charging. The developed methods are applied to an exemplary case study with Norwegian low-voltage networks. Different penetration rates of electric vehicles on a development path until 2040 are considered.

Download Full-text

Coordination of Multiple Electric Vehicle Aggregators for Peak Shaving and Valley Filling in Distribution Feeders

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14020352 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 352

Author(s):

Saad Ullah Khan ◽

Khawaja Khalid Mehmood ◽

Zunaib Maqsood Haider ◽

Muhammad Kashif Rafique ◽

Muhammad Omer Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicle ◽

Power Distribution ◽

Distribution System ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Minimum Energy ◽

Peak Shaving ◽

Peak Period ◽

Actual Distribution ◽

Load Profile ◽

System Load

In this paper, a coordination method of multiple electric vehicle (EV) aggregators has been devised to flatten the system load profile. The proposed scheme tends to reduce the peak demand by discharging EVs and fills the valley gap through EV charging in the off-peak period. Upper level fair proportional power distribution to the EV aggregators is exercised by the system operator which provides coordination among the aggregators based on their aggregated energy demand or capacity. The lower level min max objective function is implemented at each aggregator to distribute power to the EVs. Each aggregator ensures that the EV customers’ driving requirements are not relinquished in spite of their employment to support the grid. The scheme has been tested on IEEE 13-node distribution system and an actual distribution system situated in Seoul, Republic of Korea whilst utilizing actual EV mobility data. The results show that the system load profile is smoothed by the coordination of aggregators under peak shaving and valley filling goals. Also, the EVs are fully charged before departure while maintaining a minimum energy for emergency travel.

Download Full-text

Smart charging for electric vehicles to minimise charging cost

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part A Journal of Power and Energy ◽

10.1177/0957650916688409 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 231 (6) ◽

pp. 526-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yue Wang ◽

David Infield ◽

Simon Gill

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Distribution System ◽

Power Flow ◽

Optimal Power Flow ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Wholesale Price ◽

Heuristic Method ◽

Domain Model ◽

Smart Charging

This paper assumes a smart grid framework where the driving patterns for electric vehicles are known, time variations in electricity prices are communicated to householders, and data on voltage variation throughout the distribution system are available. Based on this information, an aggregator with access to this data can be employed to minimise electric vehicles charging costs to the owner whilst maintaining acceptable distribution system voltages. In this study, electric vehicle charging is assumed to take place only in the home. A single-phase Low Voltage (LV) distribution network is investigated where the local electric vehicles penetration level is assumed to be 100%. Electric vehicle use patterns have been extracted from the UK Time of Use Survey data with a 10-min resolution and the domestic base load is generated from an existing public domain model. Apart from the so-called real time price signal, which is derived from the electricity system wholesale price, the cost of battery degradation is also considered in the optimal scheduling of electric vehicles charging. A simple and effective heuristic method is proposed to minimise the electric vehicles’ charging cost whilst satisfying the requirement of state of charge for the electric vehicles’ battery. A simulation in OpenDSS over a period of 24 h has been implemented, taking care of the network constraints for voltage level at the customer connection points. The optimisation results are compared with those obtained using dynamic optimal power flow.

Download Full-text