scholarly journals Synthetic Cannabinoid Use Among High School Seniors

2017 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Palamar ◽  
Monica J. Barratt ◽  
Leigh Coney ◽  
Silvia S. Martins
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
High School Seniors ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Polydrug Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Monitoring The Future ◽  
Nationally Representative

OBJECTIVES In this study, we examined the prevalence and correlates of current synthetic cannabinoid (SC) use among high school seniors in the United States. METHODS Monitoring the Future, an annual nationally representative survey of high school seniors, began querying current (30-day) SC use in 2014. Data were examined from the 2 most recent cohorts (2014–2015; N = 7805). Prevalence of self-reported use was examined and differences in demographics and recency and frequency of other drug use was compared between current marijuana-only users and current SC (plus marijuana) users using χ2 and generalized linear model using Poisson. RESULTS We found that 2.9% of students reported current SC use; 1.4% of students (49.7% of users) reported using SCs on ≥3 days in the past month. SC users were more likely to report more recent (and often more frequent) use of lysergic acid diethylamide, cocaine, heroin, and/or nonmedical use of opioids compared with marijuana-only users. Compared with current marijuana-only users, SC users were more likely to report lower parent education (P < .05) and current use of a higher number of illegal drugs other than marijuana (Ps < .001). Students using SCs ≥10 times in the past month were more likely to be boys, frequent marijuana users (Ps < .01), African American, and users of multiple other illegal drugs (Ps < .001). CONCLUSIONS SC use is typically part of a repertoire of polydrug use, and polydrug use is less prevalent among marijuana-only users. Current SC users are at risk for poisoning from use of the newest generation of SCs and from concurrent drug use.

Prescription Opioids in Adolescence and Future Opioid Misuse

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Richard Miech ◽  
Lloyd Johnston ◽  
Patrick M. O’Malley ◽  
Katherine M. Keyes ◽  
Kennon Heard
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Opioid Misuse ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Illegal Drug Use ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
History Of ◽  
Monitoring The Future ◽  
Nationally Representative

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Legitimate opioid use is associated with an increased risk of long-term opioid use and possibly misuse in adults. The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of future opioid misuse among adolescents who have not yet graduated from high school. METHODS Prospective, panel data come from the Monitoring the Future study. The analysis uses a nationally representative sample of 6220 individuals surveyed in school in 12th grade and then followed up through age 23. Analyses are stratified by predicted future opioid misuse as measured in 12th grade on the basis of known risk factors. The main outcome is nonmedical use of a prescription opioid at ages 19 to 23. Predictors include use of a legitimate prescription by 12th grade, as well as baseline history of drug use and baseline attitudes toward illegal drug use. RESULTS Legitimate opioid use before high school graduation is independently associated with a 33% increase in the risk of future opioid misuse after high school. This association is concentrated among individuals who have little to no history of drug use and, as well, strong disapproval of illegal drug use at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Use of prescribed opioids before the 12th grade is independently associated with future opioid misuse among patients with little drug experience and who disapprove of illegal drug use. Clinic-based education and prevention efforts have substantial potential to reduce future opioid misuse among these individuals, who begin opioid use with strong attitudes against illegal drug use.

Trends in Medical and Nonmedical Use of Prescription Opioids Among US Adolescents: 1976–2015

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Sean Esteban McCabe ◽  
Brady T. West ◽  
Phil Veliz ◽  
Vita V. McCabe ◽  
Sarah A. Stoddard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Seniors ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Prescription Opioids ◽  
Sociodemographic Differences ◽  
Nonmedical Use ◽  
Monitoring The Future ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
National Trends

OBJECTIVES Most US studies of national trends in medical and nonmedical use of prescription opioids have focused on adults. Given the limited understanding in these trends among adolescents, we examine national trends in the medical and nonmedical use of prescription opioids among high school seniors between 1976 and 2015. METHODS The data used for the study come from the Monitoring the Future study of adolescents. Forty cohorts of nationally representative samples of high school seniors (modal age 18) were used to examine self-reported medical and nonmedical use of prescription opioids. RESULTS Lifetime prevalence of medical use of prescription opioids peaked in both 1989 and 2002 and remained stable until a recent decline from 2013 through 2015. Lifetime nonmedical use of prescription opioids was less prevalent and highly correlated with medical use of prescription opioids over this 40-year period. Adolescents who reported both medical and nonmedical use of prescription opioids were more likely to indicate medical use of prescription opioids before initiating nonmedical use. CONCLUSIONS Prescription opioid exposure is common among US adolescents. Long-term trends indicate that one-fourth of high school seniors self-reported medical or nonmedical use of prescription opioids. Medical and nonmedical use of prescription opioids has declined recently and remained highly correlated over the past 4 decades. Sociodemographic differences and risky patterns involving medical and nonmedical use of prescription opioids should be taken into consideration in clinical practice to improve opioid analgesic prescribing and reduce adverse consequences associated with prescription opioid use among adolescents.

scholarly journals Regional Effects of Perceived Risks of Harm on Cigarette Smoking among U.S. High School Seniors: Evidence from Monitoring the Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9120
Author(s):  
Jorge Medina
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
High School Seniors ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Regional Effects ◽  
The Future ◽  
Monitoring The Future

Overall, there has been an increasing trend in the perceived risk of harm from smoking among U.S. high school seniors. However, these perceptions of risk have been falling in recent years. This study uses regional-level panel data from the Monitoring the Future survey and a fixed effects model to estimate the effect of perceived risk on three regional measurements of smoking behavior: consumption, lifetime prevalence, and daily smoking prevalence. Elasticity measurements at regional levels show that an increase in perceived risk decreases these regional measurements of smoking behavior. Moreover, the results show that, at regional levels, these measurements of smoking behavior are more responsive to changes in the perceived risk associated with smoking than to changes in the price of cigarettes.

Drug Use and Military Plans of High School Seniors

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Patrick M. O'Malley ◽  
Jerald G. Bachman ◽  
Lloyd D. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
High School Seniors

DRUG USE DECLINES IN U.S. HIGH SCHOOLS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. A100-A100
Author(s):  
J. F. L.
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
High School Seniors ◽  
High School Dropouts ◽  
School Dropouts ◽  
Second Year ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

The nation's high school seniors are using fewer drugs than any class since 1975, a report from the National Institute on Drug Abuse showed. Researchers said they were particularly encouraged by results showing a drop in cocaine use for the second year in a row, and the beginnings of a reversal in the soaring use of crack, an inexpensive, refined form of cocaine. However, the war against drugs is far from over, with more than half of all students using an illegal substance at least once before graduating, said Charles R. Schuster, NIDA director. Moreover, drug use remains at a very high level among high school dropouts, he said. The survey polled 16,300 high school seniors from 135 schools nationwide.

Health Risk Behaviors With Synthetic Cannabinoids Versus Marijuana

2017 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Heather B. Clayton ◽  
Richard Lowry ◽  
Carmen Ashley ◽  
Amy Wolkin ◽  
Althea M. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Substance Use Prevention ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nationally Representative

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Data are limited on the behavioral risk correlates of synthetic cannabinoid use. The purpose of this study was to compare the behavioral risk correlates of synthetic cannabinoid use with those among marijuana users. METHODS Data from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a cross-sectional survey conducted in a nationally representative sample of students in grades 9 through 12 (N = 15 624), were used to examine the association between self-reported type of marijuana use (ie, never use of marijuana and synthetic cannabinoids, ever use of marijuana only, and ever use of synthetic cannabinoids) and self-report of 36 risk behaviors across 4 domains: substance use, injury/violence, mental health, and sexual health. Multivariable models were used to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios. RESULTS Students who ever used synthetic cannabinoids had a significantly greater likelihood of engaging in each of the behaviors in the substance use and sexual risk domains compared with students who ever used marijuana only. Students who ever used synthetic cannabinoids were more likely than students who ever used marijuana only to have used marijuana before age 13 years, to have used marijuana ≥1 times during the past 30 days, and to have used marijuana ≥20 times during the past 30 days. Several injury/violence behaviors were more prevalent among students who ever used synthetic cannabinoids compared with students who ever used marijuana only. CONCLUSIONS Health professionals and school-based substance use prevention programs should include strategies focused on the prevention of both synthetic cannabinoids and marijuana.

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