scholarly journals Regional Effects of Perceived Risks of Harm on Cigarette Smoking among U.S. High School Seniors: Evidence from Monitoring the Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9120
Author(s):  
Jorge Medina
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
High School Seniors ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Regional Effects ◽  
The Future ◽  
Monitoring The Future

Overall, there has been an increasing trend in the perceived risk of harm from smoking among U.S. high school seniors. However, these perceptions of risk have been falling in recent years. This study uses regional-level panel data from the Monitoring the Future survey and a fixed effects model to estimate the effect of perceived risk on three regional measurements of smoking behavior: consumption, lifetime prevalence, and daily smoking prevalence. Elasticity measurements at regional levels show that an increase in perceived risk decreases these regional measurements of smoking behavior. Moreover, the results show that, at regional levels, these measurements of smoking behavior are more responsive to changes in the perceived risk associated with smoking than to changes in the price of cigarettes.

Alcohol Control Policies and Youth Alcohol Consumption: Evidence from 28 Years of Monitoring the Future

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S Carpenter ◽  
Deborah D Kloska ◽  
Patrick O'Malley ◽  
Lloyd Johnston
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
High School Seniors ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
The Future ◽  
Monitoring The Future ◽  
Historical Comparative

Abstract We provide the first historical comparative analysis of the effects of Minimum Legal Drinking Ages (MLDA), beer taxes, and "Zero Tolerance" (ZT) underage drunk driving laws on the drinking behaviors of high school seniors using confidential area-identified data from the 1976-2003 waves of the Monitoring the Future (MTF) Surveys. We estimate reduced form models of drinking participation and heavy episodic drinking that account for state and year fixed effects. Our findings confirm that nationwide increases in the MLDA in the late 1970s and 1980s and adoption of ZT laws in the 1990s both significantly reduced alcohol consumption by high school seniors, with larger effects for the MLDA than for ZT laws. Higher beer taxes are also estimated to reduce youth drinking participation. Overall, the results confirm that a variety of types of government intervention can have important effects on youth alcohol consumption.

Assessing the Temporal Relationship between Race and Ecstasy Use among High School Seniors

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Yacoubian
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
High School Seniors ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Future ◽  
Monitoring The Future

Previous research has suggested that the use of ecstasy is primarily a white phenomenon. To date, however, these studies have all been conducted at single points in time. No research has examined the temporal relationship between race and the use of ecstasy. In the current study, data collected from 10,088 high school seniors surveyed through the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study between 1996 and 1999 are analyzed. Chi-square statistics are used to explore the temporal relationship between race and the use of ecstasy during this time frame. Statistically significant relationships between race and ecstasy use are discerned. Policy implications are assessed in light of the findings.

scholarly journals Affective Drinking Motives, Delinquency and Binge Drinking: A Comparison of Male and Female High School Seniors

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-577
Author(s):  
Glenn D Walters
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
High School Seniors ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Monitoring The Future ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Aim The purpose of this study was to determine whether the association between affective drinking motives, delinquency and binge drinking varied as a function of sex and if so, whether delinquency moderated the relationship between affective drinking motives and binge drinking in late adolescent males and females. Methods Participants were 623 (257 males, 366 females) high school seniors from the 2018 Monitoring the Future study. A principal components analysis was initially performed to create component scores for the first factor of a 15-item drinking motives scale subsequently labeled affective drinking motives. These scores, along with sex and a measure of delinquency, were then entered into a three-way interaction. The interaction was found to correlate significantly with binge drinking. Because of the significant three-way interaction, analyses were performed on male and female participants separately. Results Analyses conducted on male participants revealed a moderate correlation between affective drinking motives and binge drinking but no evidence of an interaction between affective drinking motives and delinquency. Analyses performed on female participants, on the other hand, identified a significant main effect for affective drinking motives and a negative interaction between affective drinking motives and delinquency, indicating that the relationship between affective drinking motives and binge drinking was strongest when delinquency was low. Conclusions These results suggest that while delinquency had no apparent impact on the affective drinking motive–binge drinking correlation in boys, low delinquency clearly amplified the counter-binge drinking effects of low affective drinking motives in girls.

Globalising chains – decoupling grape production, wine production and wine exports

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Mann ◽  
Silviu Beciu ◽  
Antanas Karbauskas
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
World Market ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Wine Trade

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show that globalisation (or de-regionalisation) in the wine business is entering a new phase in which grape production, wine production and wine exports are increasingly decoupled. In order to illustrate the case, the authors present Lithuania, compared to Romania, as a case study. Design/methodology/approach The authors tested the hypothesis that grape production and wine trade are increasingly decoupling. Based on the notion that transformation countries act as an avant-garde where new developments show first, the authors use Central and Eastern Europe as a case in point. The authors apply a mixed and a fixed effects model, where self-sufficiency in grapes explains wine exports to a reducing degree. Findings In the descriptive part the authors demonstrate how Lithuania, since EU accession, has become a major hub for wine trade, importing from the main export countries, and exporting mostly to Russia. In the multivariate section, it can then be shown that this decoupling between grape production and wine exports is a significant development in international terms. Practical implications The division of labour in wine trade has entered a new phase where wine production and wine marketing are decoupled. If extrapolated into the future, this may indicate that in the future world market, grape production and wine production may also decouple. Originality/value The paper has traced a new and un-described phenomenon on the global wine market. It shows that the division of labour is still advancing.

scholarly journals Happy Together? The Peer Effects of Dual Enrollment Students on Community College Student Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 000283122110084
Author(s):  
Vivian Liu ◽  
Di Xu
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Community College ◽  
Dual Enrollment ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Community College Student ◽  
Pass Rates ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
College System ◽  
College Student Outcomes

Nationally, 15% of first-time community college students were high school dual enrollment (DE) students, which raises concerns about how high school peers might influence college enrollees. Using administrative data from a large state community college system, we examine whether being exposed to a higher percentage of DE peers in entry-level (gateway) math and English courses influences non-DE enrollees’ performance. Using a two-way fixed effects model, our results indicate that college enrollees exposed to a higher proportion of DE peers had lower pass rates and grades in gateway courses, and higher course repetition rates. Supplemental student-level analysis suggests that greater exposure to DE peers during a student's initial semester in college reduces next-term college persistence.

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