ASSAY OF THE TRYPTIC ACTIVITY OF THE FECES OF THE NEWBORN INFANT, AT TERM OR PREMATURE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-116
Author(s):  
FELIPE DE FILIPPI ◽  
AUGUSTO A. GIUSSANI ◽  
LEA RIVELIS
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Healthy Newborn ◽  
Tryptic Activity

The Shwachman test was carried out on 30 healthy newborn infants, including premature infants. The results were negative in 28 cases on the first day, but positive in all cases on the 4th. As it is known that normally the newborn infant, even when premature, possesses duodenal trypsin, the absence of same in the meconium indicates that it may be destroyed by intestinal stagnation. This means that the assay of fecal trypsin is of no use for the precocious diagnosis (within the four first days of life) of mucoviscidosis or cystic fibrosis of the pancreas.

Oxygen Consumption in Platelets of Newborn Infants before and after Stimulation by Thrombin.

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Del Principe ◽  
G Mancuso ◽  
A Menichelli ◽  
G Maretto ◽  
G Sabetta
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Adult Control ◽  
Healthy Newborn ◽  
Before And After

SummaryThe authors compared the oxygen consumption in platelets from the umbilical cord blood of 36 healthy newborn infants with that of 27 adult subjects, before and after thrombin addition (1.67 U/ml). Oxygen consumption at rest was 6 mμmol/109/min in adult control platelets and 5.26 in newborn infants. The burst in oxygen consumption after thrombin addition was 26.30 mμmol/109/min in adults and 24.90 in infants. Dinitrophenol did not inhibit the burst of O2 consumption in platelets in 8 out of 10 newborn infants, while the same concentration caused a decrease in 9 out of 10 adult subjects. Deoxyglucose inhibited the burst in O2 consumption in newborn infant and adult platelets by about 50%. KCN at the concentration of 10−4 M completely inhibited basal oxygen consumption but did not completely inhibit the burst after thrombin. At the concentration of 10−3 M, it inhibited both basal O2 consumption and the burst in infants and adult subjects.

STUDIES OF THE IMMUNOLOGY OF THE NEWBORN INFANT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-456
Author(s):  
JOHN J. OSBORN ◽  
JOSEPH DANCIS ◽  
BLANCHE V. ROSENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Diphtheria Antitoxin

The titer of diphtheria antitoxin in maternal and infant (cord) blood was compared in 56 premature infants. A significant correlation was found between birth weight and placental permeability to diphtheria antitoxin. Small premature infants (under 1200 gm.) have much less circulating antitoxin derived from the mother than do larger premature infants. In 10 premature infants with high cord titers of diphtheria antitoxin, this passive immunity was lost at about the same rate as by normal newborn infants.

HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA OF NEWBORN INFANTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION OF A VITAMIN K ANALOGUE TO THE MOTHERS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-560
Author(s):  
Jerold F. Lucey ◽  
Robert G. Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Parenteral Administration ◽  
Prophylactic Effect ◽  
Hepatotoxic Effect

Seven cases of marked hyperbilirubinemia occurring among premature infants within the first 40 to 72 hours of life are reported. The mothers of these infants had received 72 mg of a vitamin K analogue (Hykinone®) intramuscularly or intravencusly from 2 to 112 hours prior to delivery. The evidence presented indicates that this medication predisposed the infants to hyperbilirubinemia. The hypothesis is presented that the vitamin K analogue passed through the placenta and exerted a hepatotoxic effect upon the newborn infant. Because of possible serious consequences to the infant, new drugs should be used with caution when administered to pregnant women or to newborn infants, and medications should be given in doses no larger than necessary to obtain a desired and proven therapeutic or prophylactic effect.

The Platelet of the Newborn Infant – Adenine Nucleotide Metabolism and Release

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (02) ◽  
pp. 099-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Whaun ◽  
P Lievaart ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Adenine Nucleotide ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Adenine Nucleotides ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Adenine Nucleotide Metabolism

SummaryBlood from normal full term infants, mothers and normal adults was collected in citrate. Citrated platelet-rich plasma was prelabelled with 3H-adenine and reacted with release inducers, collagen and adrenaline. Adenine nucleotide metabolism, total adenine nucleotide levels and changes in sizes of these pools were determined in platelets from these three groups of subjects.At rest, the platelet of the newborn infant, compared to that of the mother and normal adult, possessed similar amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 4.6 ± 0.2 (SD), 5.0 ± 1.1, 4.9 ± 0.6 µmoles ATP/1011 platelets respectively, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), 2.4 ± 0.7, 2.8 ± 0.6, 3.0 ± 0.3 umoles ADP/1011 platelets respectively. However the marked elevation of specific radioactivity of ADP and ATP in these resting platelets indicated the platelet of the neonate has decreased adenine nucleotide stores.In addition to these decreased stores of adenine nucleotides, infant platelets showed significantly impaired release of ADP and ATP on exposure to collagen. The release of ADP in infants, mothers, and other adults was 0.9 ± 0.5 (SD), 1.5 ± 0.5, 1.5 ± 0.1 umoles/1011 platelets respectively; that of ATP was 0.6 ± 0.3, 1.0 ± 0.1,1.3 ± 0.2 µmoles/1011 platelets respectively. With collagen-induced release, platelets of newborn infants compared to those of other subjects showed only slight increased specific radioactivities of adenine nucleotides over basal levels. The content of metabolic hypoxanthine, a breakdown product of adenine nucleotides, increased in both platelets and plasma in all subjects studied.In contrast, with adrenaline as release inducer, the platelets of the newborn infant showed no adenine nucleotide release, no change in total ATP and level of radioactive hypoxanthine, and minimal change in total ADP. The reason for this decreased adrenaline reactivity of infant platelets compared to reactivity of adult platelets is unknown.Infant platelets may have different membranes, with resulting differences in regulation of cellular processes, or alternatively, may be refractory to catecholamines because of elevated levels of circulating catecholamines in the newborn period.

scholarly journals Dual role of cerebral blood flow in regional brain temperature control in the healthy newborn infant

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko Iwata ◽  
Ilias Tachtsidis ◽  
Sachio Takashima ◽  
Toyojiro Matsuishi ◽  
Nicola J. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Brain Temperature ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Healthy Newborn ◽  
Regional Brain

UMBILICAL VESSEL ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY IN THE NEWBORN INFANT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 946-951
Author(s):  
Samuel O. Sapin ◽  
Leonard M. Linde ◽  
George C. Emmanouilides
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Umbilical Vessel ◽  
Accurate Interpretation ◽  
Sick Newborn

Angiocardiography from an umbilical vessel approach was performed in 10 critically sick newborn infants. The umbilical vein route was successfully employed up to the eighth day of life, while the umbilical artery was safely used as late as age 5 days. This approach has advantages over other methods of catheterization and angiocardiography. Angiocardiographic quality was satisfactory for accurate interpretation.

STUDIES OF THE IMMUNOLOGY OF THE NEWBORN INFANT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
JOSEPH DANCIS ◽  
JOHN J. OSBORN ◽  
HANS W. KUNZ
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Diphtheria Toxoid ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Significant Difference

The antibody response of premature infants immunized at birth with a single injection of diphtheria toxoid was compared to that of a group of term infants similarly immunized. No significant difference was demonstrated. A group of premature infants was immunized about the time that was estimated to be their normal birth date and the antibody response compared to that of term infants at birth. The performance of the premature infants was superior to that of the term infants. The significance of these findings is discussed.

Oral Vitamin E Supplementation for the Prevention of Anemia in Premature Infants: A Controlled Trial

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zipursky ◽  
E. J. Brown ◽  
J. Watts ◽  
R. Milner ◽  
C. Rand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Erythrocyte Morphology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vehicle Treatment ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

Serum vitamin E levels are reduced in newborn infants. It has been reported that this deficiency is responsible, in part, for the development of anemia in premature infants during the first 6 weeks of life. The efficacy of vitamin E supplementation for the prevention of anemia in premature infants has been studied in a randomized, controlled, and blinded trial. Premature infants whose birth weights were less than 1,500 g were given, by gavage, 25 IU of dl-α-tocopherol or a similar volume of the drug vehicle. Treatment was continued for the first 6 weeks of life. A total of 178 infants were studied. Vitamin E levels were significantly higher in a supplemented group by day 3 and for the remainder of the 6-week period. At 6 weeks of age, there was no significant difference between the supplemented and unsupplemented groups in hemoglobin concentration, reticulocyte and platelet counts, or erythrocyte morphology. It is concluded that there is no evidence to support a policy of administering vitamin E to premature infants to prevent the anemia of prematurity.

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