Ear studies in the newborn infant. Age of spontaneous visibility of the auditory canal and tympanic membrane, and the appearance of these structures in healthy newborn infants

SummaryThe authors compared the oxygen consumption in platelets from the umbilical cord blood of 36 healthy newborn infants with that of 27 adult subjects, before and after thrombin addition (1.67 U/ml). Oxygen consumption at rest was 6 mμmol/109/min in adult control platelets and 5.26 in newborn infants. The burst in oxygen consumption after thrombin addition was 26.30 mμmol/109/min in adults and 24.90 in infants. Dinitrophenol did not inhibit the burst of O2 consumption in platelets in 8 out of 10 newborn infants, while the same concentration caused a decrease in 9 out of 10 adult subjects. Deoxyglucose inhibited the burst in O2 consumption in newborn infant and adult platelets by about 50%. KCN at the concentration of 10−4 M completely inhibited basal oxygen consumption but did not completely inhibit the burst after thrombin. At the concentration of 10−3 M, it inhibited both basal O2 consumption and the burst in infants and adult subjects.

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ASSAY OF THE TRYPTIC ACTIVITY OF THE FECES OF THE NEWBORN INFANT, AT TERM OR PREMATURE

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.14.2.114 ◽

1954 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 114-116

Author(s):

FELIPE DE FILIPPI ◽

AUGUSTO A. GIUSSANI ◽

LEA RIVELIS

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Newborn Infant ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Healthy Newborn ◽

Tryptic Activity

The Shwachman test was carried out on 30 healthy newborn infants, including premature infants. The results were negative in 28 cases on the first day, but positive in all cases on the 4th. As it is known that normally the newborn infant, even when premature, possesses duodenal trypsin, the absence of same in the meconium indicates that it may be destroyed by intestinal stagnation. This means that the assay of fecal trypsin is of no use for the precocious diagnosis (within the four first days of life) of mucoviscidosis or cystic fibrosis of the pancreas.

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The Platelet of the Newborn Infant – Adenine Nucleotide Metabolism and Release

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1650026 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 43 (02) ◽

pp. 099-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J M Whaun ◽

P Lievaart ◽

Keyword(s):

Newborn Infant ◽

Adenine Nucleotide ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Adenine Nucleotides ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Specific Radioactivity ◽

Nucleotide Metabolism ◽

Breakdown Product ◽

Term Infants ◽

Adenine Nucleotide Metabolism

SummaryBlood from normal full term infants, mothers and normal adults was collected in citrate. Citrated platelet-rich plasma was prelabelled with 3H-adenine and reacted with release inducers, collagen and adrenaline. Adenine nucleotide metabolism, total adenine nucleotide levels and changes in sizes of these pools were determined in platelets from these three groups of subjects.At rest, the platelet of the newborn infant, compared to that of the mother and normal adult, possessed similar amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 4.6 ± 0.2 (SD), 5.0 ± 1.1, 4.9 ± 0.6 µmoles ATP/1011 platelets respectively, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), 2.4 ± 0.7, 2.8 ± 0.6, 3.0 ± 0.3 umoles ADP/1011 platelets respectively. However the marked elevation of specific radioactivity of ADP and ATP in these resting platelets indicated the platelet of the neonate has decreased adenine nucleotide stores.In addition to these decreased stores of adenine nucleotides, infant platelets showed significantly impaired release of ADP and ATP on exposure to collagen. The release of ADP in infants, mothers, and other adults was 0.9 ± 0.5 (SD), 1.5 ± 0.5, 1.5 ± 0.1 umoles/1011 platelets respectively; that of ATP was 0.6 ± 0.3, 1.0 ± 0.1,1.3 ± 0.2 µmoles/1011 platelets respectively. With collagen-induced release, platelets of newborn infants compared to those of other subjects showed only slight increased specific radioactivities of adenine nucleotides over basal levels. The content of metabolic hypoxanthine, a breakdown product of adenine nucleotides, increased in both platelets and plasma in all subjects studied.In contrast, with adrenaline as release inducer, the platelets of the newborn infant showed no adenine nucleotide release, no change in total ATP and level of radioactive hypoxanthine, and minimal change in total ADP. The reason for this decreased adrenaline reactivity of infant platelets compared to reactivity of adult platelets is unknown.Infant platelets may have different membranes, with resulting differences in regulation of cellular processes, or alternatively, may be refractory to catecholamines because of elevated levels of circulating catecholamines in the newborn period.

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Dual role of cerebral blood flow in regional brain temperature control in the healthy newborn infant

International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.05.010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sachiko Iwata ◽

Ilias Tachtsidis ◽

Sachio Takashima ◽

Toyojiro Matsuishi ◽

Nicola J. Robertson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Newborn Infant ◽

Temperature Control ◽

Brain Temperature ◽

Dual Role ◽

Healthy Newborn ◽

Regional Brain

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UMBILICAL VESSEL ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY IN THE NEWBORN INFANT

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.31.6.946 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 946-951

Author(s):

Samuel O. Sapin ◽

Leonard M. Linde ◽

George C. Emmanouilides

Keyword(s):

Newborn Infant ◽

Umbilical Artery ◽

Umbilical Vein ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Umbilical Vessel ◽

Accurate Interpretation ◽

Sick Newborn

Angiocardiography from an umbilical vessel approach was performed in 10 critically sick newborn infants. The umbilical vein route was successfully employed up to the eighth day of life, while the umbilical artery was safely used as late as age 5 days. This approach has advantages over other methods of catheterization and angiocardiography. Angiocardiographic quality was satisfactory for accurate interpretation.

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TETANY AND PARATHYROID HYPERPLASIA IN THE NEWBORN INFANT: INFLUENCE OF DIETARY PHOSPHATE LOAD

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.9.5.534 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 534-543

Author(s):

LYTT I. GARDNER

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Newborn Infant ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Parathyroid Hyperplasia ◽

Similar Data ◽

Older Children ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Dietary Phosphate ◽

The Relationship

Three cases of newborn tetany are described, pointing out the relationship between dietary phosphate load and the manifestations of this disease. An additional three newborn infants are described who showed other symptomatology than tetany in association with dietary phosphate load. [See Table 1 in Source Pdf]. Data concerning diet, cause of death and degree of parathyroid hyperplasia are tabulated in eight newborns who were found to have parathyroid hyperplasia at autopsy. Similar data are tabulated on eight newborns and five older children who were found to have normal parathyroid glands at autopsy. Several other factors possibly involved in newborn tetany and newborn parathyroid hyperplasia are discussed. The importance of measuring serum inorganic P in the differential diagnosis of neonatal distress is pointed out.

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Respiratory Instability of Term and Near-Term Healthy Newborn Infants in Car Safety Seats

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.109.4.713a ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 109 (4) ◽

pp. 713-713

Author(s):

Harry A. Ackley

Keyword(s):

Newborn Infants ◽

Healthy Newborn ◽

Car Safety ◽

Near Term ◽

Respiratory Instability

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ON THE ETYMOLOGIC DERIVATION OF SOME COMMONLY USED WORDS IN PEDIATRICS: INFANT, CRETIN, MECONIUM, AND ICTERUS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.46.6.870 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 870-870

Author(s):

T. E. Cone

Keyword(s):

Newborn Infant ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Old French ◽

Intestinal Content ◽

The Other ◽

Roman Law ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Thick Juice ◽

Brown Color

infant-from Latin infans; in (neg.) + fans speaking (fans is the participle). In Roman law infant means a child not old enough to talk... Cretin-Old French-chretien, a Christian. Perhaps used first as a perjorative term by the ancient Romans because to them the first Christians were stupid enough to "turn the other cheek" when attacked by mobs or by the lions in the Roman amphitheater. Meconium-from Greek mekonion meaning the poppy juice obtained from pressing the whole plant which gives a thick Juice of black, greenish-brown color. The intestinal content of the newborn infant has a similar consistency and appearance and so Galenadopted the term for the content of the bowels of newborn infants. (Meconism means the opium habit). lcterus-from Greek ikteros, a yellow bird, probably the golden thrush or a species of oriole. Pliny relates that if a person suffering from jaundice looks at a yellow bird, the bird will die and the patient recovers. Icterus was first used in pediatrics by Ludwig von Buhl (1816-1880) when he described icterus neonatorum.

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Neonatal Mercury Vapor Exposure in an Infant Incubator

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.66.6.988 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 66 (6) ◽

pp. 988-990

Author(s):

John F. McLaughlin ◽

Robert W. Telzrow ◽

Celia Mae Scott

Keyword(s):

Newborn Infant ◽

Body Burden ◽

Mercury Vapor ◽

Metallic Mercury ◽

Heating Unit ◽

Substantial Body ◽

Healthy Newborn ◽

Infant Incubator ◽

Infant Incubators

A healthy newborn infant acquired a substantial body burden of mercury by inhaling mercury vapor originating from a broken mercury expansion switch in the heating unit of an infant incubator. Highly toxic mercury vapor is produced in quantity by heating otherwise harmless metallic mercury. Switches and thermometers that contain mercury should be removed from infant incubators.

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PHYSIOLOGIC HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA AND HEMOLYSIS OF ERYTHROCYTES BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE SOLUTION IN THE NEWBORN: INVESTIGATION OF A POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIP

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.20.1.92 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 92-97

Author(s):

Jo-Anne E. Richards ◽

Richard B. Goldbloom ◽

Ronald L. Denton

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Clinical Significance ◽

Newborn Infant ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Control Group ◽

Term Infants ◽

Mean Values ◽

Relative Deficiency

Forty-three full-term infants have been studied with respect to hemolysis of erythrocytes in solutions of hydrogen peroxide and concentrations of bilirubin in the serum. Mean values for concentration of bilirubin in the serum and percentage of hemolysis followed similar patterns in the first few days of life. However, statistical analysis of the data in individual cases showed no significant correlation between the degree of hemolysis in solutions of hydrogen peroxide and the concentrations of bilirubin in the serum. Administration of vitamin E prevented an increase in hemolysis of erythrocytes in solutions of hydrogen peroxide but failed to produce any significant change in concentrations of bilirubin as compared with the control group. The evidence suggests that the relative deficiency of vitamin E which exists in most newborn infants does not play a part in the causation or maintenance of physiologic hyperbilirubinemia. The clinical significance of increased hemolysis of the erythrocytes of the newborn infant in solutions of hydrogen peroxide remains a mystery. Possible approaches to the clarification of this problem are suggested.

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